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1、課時(shí)提能練(十八).閱讀理解A(2019陜西省部分學(xué)校摸底檢測(cè))I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past.Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.Recently，I had to change my thinking，when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place，with my two daughters.The place wa
2、s crowded as usual and we had to climb steep(陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table.After enjoying coffee and snacks，we went down the narrow stairs，where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.Just as I was in the middle of the stairs，a man entered the main
3、 entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase(樓梯)I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.I kept coming down as fast as I could.My daughters were already down，looking up at me worriedly，hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stai
4、rs，knowing I was a nervous sort.Nearly reaching them，I noticed the man still standing near the door.I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open.I looked back，thinking he was still at the door，deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded pl
5、ace.I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time.I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.Such wellmannered people are hard to find these days when
6、pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society.We applauded for his chivalry(彬彬有禮的行為)【語篇解讀】在這個(gè)忙碌的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，彬彬有禮、體貼他人的品質(zhì)變得尤為珍貴。作者講述了自己經(jīng)歷的一件事情，并贊揚(yáng)了這種良好的品質(zhì)。1What is the meaning of the underlined word“courtesy”in Paragraph 1?AA brave action. BSacrifice spirit.CA considerate action. DSelfish be
7、haviour.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文故事中的男人為作者讓路并且開門可推測(cè)出，這是一種體貼的行為，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的行為”；B項(xiàng)意為“犧牲精神”；D項(xiàng)意為“自私的行為”。2What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him?AHe was in a hurry.BHe would wait for her.CHe would pass her rudely.DHe was a man with good manners.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed rou
8、ghly by this man going up”可知，作者本認(rèn)為這個(gè)男人會(huì)粗魯?shù)財(cái)D開她上樓梯，故選C項(xiàng)。3Why did the authors daughters worry about her?AShe was easy to be nervous.BShe took up too much space.CShe was too old to walk fast.DShe focused too much on the man.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“knowing I was a nervous sort”可知，作者是一個(gè)很容易緊張的人，故選A項(xiàng)。4What can we le
9、arn about the man from Paragraph 4?AHe might be a waiter of the caf.BHe might have an urgent business to do.CHe loved a daughter of the author.DHe would hold the door open for all.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time”可推知，那個(gè)男人應(yīng)該是有急事要做，故選B項(xiàng)。B(2019遼寧五校聯(lián)考)A study has shown that nea
10、rly 90 percent of traffic accidents are caused by human errors.So our aim is a fully autonomous car that gets rid of the cause of most accidents：the driver.Researcher Hodgson points out，“For safety，the faster you can remove humans，the better，even if there are unfortunately a few accidents from new c
11、auses.Its a question of balancing the number injured or killed by autonomous vehicles with the people whose lives are potentially saved.”Its an idea that Elon Musk，CEO of electric car company Tesla Motors，has long believed.His company is determined to be the first to deliver a fully autonomous vehic
12、le to consumers.Last year，Musk announced that Teslas 2017 goal was“to do an example drive of full autonomy all the way from LA to New York.and have the car park itself”However，even Tesla admits that there are problems to overcomethe software needs further validation and the appropriate regulatory ap
13、proval needs to be in place.Indeed，recent crashes of Tesla vehicles and Google cars confirm that the software isnt ready yet.The UK government appears committed to encouraging the development of autonomous vehicles.Its supporting four city trials，publishing the Modern Transport Bill to reduce red ta
14、pe around their introduction and adapting the legal system to take into account problems such as insurance liability when a human isnt in control of a vehicle.The insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars.As the Association of British Insurers(ABI) points out，“More than
15、 90 percent of road accidents are caused by human errors.”This costs motor insurers a shocking 20 million per day in claims.【語篇解讀】這篇文章介紹了一種無人駕駛汽車。由于交通事故主要是由駕駛員的失誤引發(fā)的，這種無人駕駛汽車在某種程度上可以解決交通事故問題。這種想法雖然還需進(jìn)一步完善，但已經(jīng)得到了英國(guó)政府及保險(xiǎn)公司的支持。5What difficulty does the company Tesla Motors have?ANew inventions may caus
16、e more injuries and deaths.BThe company lacks confidence to make new creations.CThe software should be made officially acceptable.DThe traffic regulation has proved unreasonable.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是difficulty，據(jù)此定位到第三段的第一句“However，even Tesla admits that there are problems to overcomethe software needs fur
17、ther validation and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place”由此可知，特斯拉公司還需要解決的問題是相關(guān)軟件需要進(jìn)一步的驗(yàn)證以及監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn)。6What is the UK governments attitude to autonomous cars?AAmbiguous. BPositive.CCautious.DDisapproving.B推理判斷題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是the UK government，據(jù)此定位到第四段第一句“The UK government appears committed
18、 to encouraging the development of autonomous vehicles”即英國(guó)政府似乎是在鼓勵(lì)無人駕駛汽車的研發(fā)。由此可知，英國(guó)政府的態(tài)度是支持的，所以答案是B。7What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AInsurance companies would like to support autonomous cars.BHuman mistakes may be the key cause of traffic accidents.CTraffic accidents cost insurance comp
19、anies quite a lot.DMotorists are surprised to hear about autonomous cars.A段落大意題。段落主題通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段首，由最后一段的首句“The insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars”可知，保險(xiǎn)公司同樣渴望去幫助提高汽車的自動(dòng)性能。8What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his deep love for autonomous cars.BTo in
20、troduce a new development in technology.CTo amuse readers with funny examples.DTo provide a persuasive argument against autonomy.B作者意圖題。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)研發(fā)無人駕駛汽車，并介紹了尚待解決的相關(guān)問題，以及英國(guó)政府、保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)此項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的態(tài)度。.完形填空(2019成都診斷)When Heather McHugh，a poet，won a $500，000“genius grant”from the MacArthur Foundation，she didn
21、t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris._1_，she put the money in the bank and _2_ writing poems.In 2011，she finally _3_ what to do with it.That year，Heathers godson and his wife _4_ their first child，a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled.“I saw how peoples _5_ can change overnight.I started thin
22、king about people in a _6_ situation.”says Heather.She _7_ there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled.So in 2012，Heather _8_ a nonprofit organization offering a sevenday vacation, with all _9_ paid，to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.T
23、ricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a _10_ vacation，she couldnt _11_ it；disbelief even _12_ her concern about leaving her two kids.Tricia went，and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the _13_ things.“I got to eat hot food hot
24、 and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，”says Tricia.She was afraid the _14_ would return when the _15_ was over，but to her surprise，it hasnt been back since.Heather says Tricias _16_ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year.“Bef
25、ore the vacation they are so _17_，but the _18_ is so amazing.They reflect and relax.It feels _19_ like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another _20_”she adds.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十萬美元獎(jiǎng)金建立非營(yíng)利組織，為照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護(hù)理員提供免費(fèi)休假，讓他們到新的環(huán)境中，從不一樣的角度來看待他們的人生。1A.However BThe
26、reforeCInstead DBesidesC根據(jù)空處前一句中的“she didnt buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在獲得了五十萬美元的獎(jiǎng)金后，她并沒有購買汽車或去旅游；結(jié)合該句中的“she put the money in the bank”可知，反而，她將這些錢存入銀行。C項(xiàng)意為“而是，反而”，符合語境；however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。2A.continuedBquitted Cpracticed DstartedA根據(jù)前一句中的“a poet”，結(jié)合該句中的“she put the money
27、in the bank and _ writing poems”可知，她(這位詩人)獲獎(jiǎng)后，將獎(jiǎng)金存進(jìn)銀行，繼續(xù)(continue)寫詩。quit“停止”；practice“實(shí)踐，訓(xùn)練”。3A.thought over BwonderedCtalked about DdecidedD根據(jù)下文中的“Heather _ a nonprofit organization offering a sevenday vacation”可知，此處表示在2011年，她終于決定如何使用這筆錢。think over“仔細(xì)考慮”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“談到，談?wù)摗?；decide“決定”
28、符合語境。4A.held Bwelcomed Clost DsavedBHeather的教子和他的妻子迎來了他們的第一個(gè)孩子，那是一個(gè)漂亮的女嬰，但是有嚴(yán)重的殘疾。hold意為“握著，舉行“；lose意為“失去”；save意為“拯救，節(jié)約”；welcome“迎接”符合語境。5A.feelings Bfuture Clives DroutineC根據(jù)語境，并結(jié)合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一個(gè)殘疾的女嬰可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之間發(fā)生改變的。routine“慣例，常規(guī)”。6A.different Bsimilar Cworse Dbette
29、rB根據(jù)上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一個(gè)殘疾女嬰并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之間發(fā)生改變的可知，Heather開始關(guān)注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。7A.discoveredBclaimed Cadmitted DfeltA她發(fā)現(xiàn)有數(shù)百萬照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護(hù)理員。claim“宣稱；斷言”；admit“承認(rèn)”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。8A.donated BfoundCvisitedDformedD因此Heather在2012年建立了一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，為那些成為護(hù)理員至少十年的人提供七天免費(fèi)(free)休假。form“建立，組成”符合語境。dona
30、te“捐贈(zèng)”；find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；visit“參觀”。9A.taxes Bsalary Cexpenses DrentC參見上題解析。tax“稅”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”；expense“花費(fèi)”符合語境。10A.free Bcaring Cshort DlongA參見8題解析。free“免費(fèi)的”。11A.believe Btake Crefuse DenjoyA根據(jù)空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她獲得了一個(gè)免費(fèi)休假這件事。A項(xiàng)意為“相信”，符合語境。12A.woke Bdefeated Cshowed DmovedB根據(jù)下一段中的“Tricia went，a
31、nd her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy.”可知，Tricia接受了免費(fèi)休假這件事情，由此可知，她對(duì)免費(fèi)休假的懷疑(和向往)打敗(defeated)了對(duì)于留下孩子們的擔(dān)憂。wake“醒來”；show“展示”；move“移動(dòng)”。13A.wonderfulBdelicious Cpeaceful DsimpleD根據(jù)空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”
32、可知，Tricia在度假時(shí)所做的事情都是很普通、很簡(jiǎn)單的(simple)事情。wonderful“精彩的，極棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平靜的，和平的”。14A.heaviness BpainCsadness DdisbeliefA她擔(dān)心度假結(jié)束后，自己的生活會(huì)回歸以前的沉悶，但出乎她意料的是后來的生活并沒有回到從前。根據(jù)上文可知，Tricia是一個(gè)護(hù)理員，平時(shí)的工作都是照顧病人，生活少有放松的時(shí)候，故heaviness“沉悶”符合語境。pain“傷痛”；sadness“傷心，悲傷”；disbelief“懷疑，不信任”。15A.entertainment Bdrea
33、mCvacation DfreedomC根據(jù)第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation”可知選C。16A.commentBstory Csurprise DfortuneB上文講述的是Tricia享受免費(fèi)休假的故事，故B項(xiàng)story“故事”符合語境。17A.worried BconfusedCunexpected DstressedD根據(jù)上文提到的Tricia擔(dān)心度假結(jié)束后自己的生活會(huì)回歸以前的沉悶可知，D項(xiàng)“stressed”符合語境。18A.award BchangeCscenery Daccommodat
34、ionB根據(jù)上文可知，其他看護(hù)人員和Tricia一樣，在度假前他們的生活較為沉悶；結(jié)合后一句“They reflect and relax”可知，在度假之后，他們變得很放松。據(jù)此可知，這樣的改變令人驚訝。change意為“改變”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。award“獎(jiǎng)”；scenery“風(fēng)景”；accommodation“住宿”。19A.slightly Binterestingly Cmagically DmostlyC這神奇地(magically)像是另外一個(gè)世界，并且給了他們一個(gè)從另一個(gè)角度(angle)看待他們的生活的機(jī)會(huì)。slightly“輕微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”；magically“魔法般地”符合語境。20A.place Bsituation Cheight DangleD參見上題解析。- 8 -
2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)提能練18 A taste of English humour（含解析）新人教版
