（全國(guó)）2020高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題版主題語(yǔ)境 Unit 1 個(gè)人情況（一）講義

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1、個(gè)人情況 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě) 1.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported，the entire small-business community benefits(受益).(2018·江蘇) 2.This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure(財(cái)寶) Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 3.Are you just loo

2、king for a place to relax(放松) after a long day？(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 4.My hobbies(愛(ài)好) are reading，listening and watching birds. 5.Dance expresses love and hate，joy(快樂(lè)) and sorrow，life and death，and everything else in between.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 6.Tom is looking for another job，because he feels that nothing he does s

3、atisfies(使?jié)M意) his boss. 7.On the Internet，people can seek information about their favourite(最喜愛(ài)的) stars.(2017·江蘇) 8.Some of us were confident and eager(渴望的) to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 9.Of the two ways of sharing books，the latter wins my favour(喜

4、愛(ài)). 10.It’s funny(奇怪的) how things never happen the way you expect them to. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.The extensive collection(collect) consists of masterworks in sculpture，colored glass，and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.(2018·江蘇) 2.But no matter how rich they were，D

5、awson was never comfortable(comfort).(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ) 3.Foreign visitors are required to be in possession of a passport. 4.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable(value) part of your neighborhood.(2018·浙江) 5.Koalas are such a great attraction(attract) for visitors that

6、many zoos are trying to include them among their species. 6. Friendship is a personal relationship that has a variety(various) of social benefits. 7.Curiosity(curious) got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon.(2018·天津) 8.Which activity will you choose if you want to go c

7、amping(camp)？(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ) 9.He did not compromise easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy(worth) cause.(2016·江蘇) 10.The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable(enjoy) time for all of us.(2018·北京) Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.Can you do me favour and tell Kelly I’m here? 2.It

8、is worth visiting the art museum. 3.Out of the curiosity，Brown spent hours at the local library searching for information on the pilot. 4.If we fail to do ，we will live to regret it. 5.Jenny said that playing basketball is her sport. Ⅳ.選詞填空 1.The children were fond of the US president’s dau

9、ghters. 2.I am interested in the relationship between humans and nature. 3.John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready to take up the new job. 4.I am fed up with this dank(陰濕的) weather.It’s time that we had some sunshine. 5.What appeals to us most is Leonardo da Vinci, who was not only a pai

10、nter, but also took up professions as a musician and an architect. 6.He is keen on visiting his birthplace again. Ⅴ.同義詞語(yǔ)替換 1.Sports can be very valuable，especially to people who use their brains most of the day.of great value 2.She is mad about classical music and will not miss any chance to att

11、end a concert.is crazy about 3.Sport has become an important form of entertainment，interesting both men and women.appealing to 4.Employers naturally prefer candidates with some previous experience of the job.favour 5.Reading fairy tales didn’t engage his interest for long.attract (1)attra

12、ct one’s attention吸引某人的注意 attract...to...把……吸引到…… (2)attraction n.吸引，吸引力；有吸引力的事物或人 have no attraction for sb. 對(duì)某人沒(méi)有吸引力 (3)attractive adj.有吸引力的；引人注意的 (1)The government is trying to attract industry to the area. (2)Dalian is so attractive(attract) a place that lots of tourists visit the city e

13、very year. (3)Most tourist attractions(attract) in China are littered，the worst of which is this lake. (4)Her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention(引起了很大關(guān)注). benefit v.有益于；有助于；受益 n.好處；利益；成效 (1)benefit sb. /sth. 對(duì)某人/物有益 benefit from/by從……中受益 (2)be of benefit to對(duì)……有益 for one’s ben

14、efit＝for the benefit of sb. 為了某人的利益 (3) beneficial adj.有益的 be beneficial to對(duì)……有益 [一句多譯]　新規(guī)定對(duì)所有學(xué)生都有好處。 (1)The new regulation will be of benefit to all the students.(be of benefit) (2)The new regulation will be beneficial to all the students.(beneficial) (3)All the students will benefit from t

15、he new regulation.(benefit from) (4)The new regulation will benefit all the students.(benefit vt.) 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥　benefit作為及物動(dòng)詞，其賓語(yǔ)總是“受益者”，而不能是所受的“益處”。要表示“受益于某事(物)”，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用benefit by/from sth. 。 (1)collect money (for)(為……)募捐 (2)collection n.收集；聚集；收藏品；募捐 a collection of一批收藏的；許多的 (3)collector n.收藏家；采集者

16、 collective adj.集體的；共同的 n.集體；團(tuán)體；全體人員 (1)Material collecting(collect) took us a whole week，during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.(2017·北京) 材料收集花了我們整整一個(gè)星期的時(shí)間，在此期間，我們采訪了老師們并拍攝了學(xué)校生活的方方面面。 (2)I tried to collect my thoughts but I was too excited. 我

17、想鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)，但是我太激動(dòng)了。 (3)He is collecting money for famine relief. 他正在為賑濟(jì)饑民募捐。 (4)There is a collection of dust in an unused room. 空著不用的房間積起了大量灰塵。 [易混辨析]　collect，gather ※表示“搜集”“聚集”，二者有時(shí)可互換。 ※gather通常只表示把分散的人或物聚攏在一起，而collect則指有計(jì)劃、有條理地為了某一目的而進(jìn)行的較為精心的搜集，例如：He collects stamps.中的collects不可用gathers代替。

18、 (1)in comfort(＝comfortably)舒服地 take comfort from從……中得到安慰 (2)comfortable adj.舒適的，安逸的 comfortably adv.舒服地 (1)But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable(comfort) with the technology.(2018·北京) (2)This sociable feast involves drinking good qu

19、ality tea comfortably(comfort) while nibbling(小口吃) on nice sandwiches，scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. (2019·寧夏銀川一中模擬) (3)They enjoy better health owing to recent advances in medicine and in public health care.They also enjoy all the comforts(comfort) of modern life. (4)[

20、同義句改寫(xiě)]　The old man is living comfortably. →The old man is living in comfort. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥 (1)comfort意為“安逸，舒適”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞；意為“給予援助或安慰的人或事”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞。類似的詞還有surprise，success，failure，pleasure等。 (2)comfortable既可表示“感到舒服的”，也可表示“令人舒服的”，但不表示“安慰的”，所以“他的話讓我頗感安慰”不宜譯為：What he said made me very comfortable.可譯為：What he said

21、gave me great comfort.。 be eager to do...渴望做…… be eager for sth. 急于得到…… be eager for sb. to do...希望某人做…… be eager that...熱切地希望……[從句常用 “(should) do”] (1)Both stressed their eagerness(eager) to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. (2019·福建莆田九中模擬) (2)Angie and the other girls

22、 were eager to see(see) what kind of wild jump Janie would attempt. (2019·黑龍江鶴崗一中模擬) (3)[同義句改寫(xiě)]　We are eager for him to help us. →We are eager that he (should) help us. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥 (1)eager后面習(xí)慣不接for doing sth. ，可接to do sth. 。 (2)too eager to do...急于做……，而非“太著急而不能做……”。如：They are too eager to show off t

23、heir beautiful garden.他們急于炫耀他們漂亮的花園。 [聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　表達(dá)“急切/盼望(做)……”的短語(yǔ)還有：be anxious for/to do...，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do...，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do...等。 (1)have fun玩得開(kāi)心；作樂(lè)，玩樂(lè) have fun (in) doing sth. [＝There is fun (in) doing sth. ]做某事有樂(lè)趣 for/in fun開(kāi)玩笑地，不是認(rèn)真地 W

24、hat fun it is...！……多么有趣！ make fun of嘲笑；取笑 (2)funny adj.滑稽的；可笑的 (1)What fun it is to jump into the river for a swim in summer! (2)I’m not saying it for/in fun. (3)Have fun picking(pick) a motto and theme song for your life. (4)The article made fun of various people and things in Boston. (5)I

25、 had great fun playing(play) cards with them. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥　fun無(wú)論作何種意義講，都是不可數(shù)名詞，以下例子中fun雖用作表語(yǔ)，但仍為名詞，而非形容詞，故可用great，much，a lot of 等形容詞修飾，而不可用very修飾。如：Why don’t you come with us? It’ll be great fun.。 relaxed adj.輕松的；松懈的；寬松的 relaxing adj.使人放松的 relaxation n.放松，休息；娛樂(lè)活動(dòng) [根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用relax的正確形式填空] (1)Feeling sa

26、fe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. (2)Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ) (3)Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work，but it also promoted the friendship among us. 易錯(cuò)

27、點(diǎn)撥　漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“自我放松”“使自己放松”，但英語(yǔ)中的relax習(xí)慣上不接反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)。 (1)satisfy/meet one’s needs/demands滿足某人的需要/要求 (2)satisfied adj.(感到)滿意的 be satisfied to do.../with...對(duì)(做)……感到滿意 (3)satisfying adj.令人滿意的 (4)satisfaction n.滿意 in/with satisfaction滿意地 to one’s satisfaction使某人滿意的是 (1)The story had a satisfying(sat

28、isfy) ending. (2)She finished her meal and gave a satisfied(satisfy) smile. (3)She looked at the finished painting with/in satisfaction(滿意地). (4)[同義句改寫(xiě)]　I was satisfied with what he had done for me. →What he had done for me satisfied me. value n.價(jià)值；重要性 v.估價(jià)；重視 (1)be of value(＝be valuabl

29、e)有價(jià)值的 be good/bad value for money錢(qián)花得值/不值 value...at...估價(jià)……為…… (2)valuable adj.貴重的，有價(jià)值的；很有用的 invaluable adj.無(wú)價(jià)的；非常寶貴的(＝priceless) valueless adj.無(wú)價(jià)值的；沒(méi)有用的 (1)He valued the house for me at $50,000. (2)Experts say it’s a(n) invaluable(value) social practice that results in big benefits.(2018·全

30、國(guó)Ⅱ) (3)This car is good value for money(錢(qián)花得值). (4)[同義句改寫(xiě)]　The ways to learn English are very valuable to us students. →The ways to learn English are of great value to us students. (1)a variety of＝varieties of種種的；各種各樣的 (2)vary v.變化；改變 vary from...to...由……到……不等 vary with隨……變化 vary in在……方面變化

31、 (3)various adj.各種各樣的；不同的 (1)The variety of his books is(be) astonishing. (2)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various(vary). (2018·北京) (3)Opinions on this matter vary from person to person (因人而異). (4)除了定期訓(xùn)練之外，我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)還將參加各種活動(dòng)。(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ) Our team，apart fro

32、m regular training，will join in a variety of activities. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥　a variety of＋名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原則上與它所修飾的名詞的數(shù)保持一致；the variety of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“……的品種”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (1)worth常用的結(jié)構(gòu)： be worth＋n.值得……；值……的 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 (2)worthy常用的結(jié)構(gòu)： be worthy＋ (3)worthwhile常用的結(jié)構(gòu)： It’s worthwhile＋做某事是值得的。 [一句

33、多譯]　這家工廠值得參觀。 (1)The factory is worth visiting/a visit.(worth) (2)The factory is worthy of a visit.(worthy of＋n.) (3)The factory is worthy of being visited.(worthy of being done) (4)The factory is worthy to be visited.(worthy to be done) (5)It’s worthwhile visiting/to visit the factory.(worthwh

34、ile) (1)be possessed of具有(某種品質(zhì)或能力) (2)possession n.擁有；(pl.)財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有物 be in possession of擁有……(主語(yǔ)為人) be in the possession of sb. ＝be in one’s possession某物被某人擁有 come into one’s possession為某人所擁有 take/come into possession of擁有 (1)As the old saying goes，“A true friend is the best possession(posse

35、ss).” [單句改錯(cuò)] (2)With the development of people’s living conditions，more and more people possess of their own cars. [一句多譯] (3)他擁有那家公司。 ①He is in possession of the company.(in possession of) ②The company is in the possession of him/in his possession.(用the company作主語(yǔ)) ③He takes possession of the

36、 company.(用he作主語(yǔ)并用possession短語(yǔ)) feed on以……為食 feed...on...用……喂…… feed...with...供給……，提供…… feed＋食物＋to...用某物喂養(yǎng)…… (1)Owls feed on mice and other small animals. (2)Please feed some grass to the cow. [句式升級(jí)] (3)She is fed up with his lies，so she won’t believe in him any longer.(用形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)) Fe

37、d up with his lies，she won’t believe in him any longer. [圖解助記](méi) [聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　其他表示“受夠了，厭煩”的短語(yǔ)： be bored with，be tired of，be sick of。 be keen on (doing) sth. 熱衷于；喜歡 be keen to do/on doing...熱衷于做……；很想做…… be keen that...(should) do...希望…… (1)Most students are keen on sports. (2)He is keen to pa

38、ss(pass) the examination. (3)He is keen that she (should) come(come) to see him. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥　be keen后跟從句時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should) do。 [聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　表示“渴望”的短語(yǔ)還有：long for，long to do，be hungry for，be thirsty for，desire to do，be eager to，be anxious to等。 (1)appeal to sb. for/to do...向某人呼吁……/懇求某人做…… appeal to s

39、b. 吸引某人；投某人所好 (2)appeal n.呼吁；懇求；吸引力；上訴 v.有感染力；呼吁；懇求；上訴；有吸引力 make an appeal to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人呼吁/懇求 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/懇求某人做某事 (3)appealing adj.吸引人的；懇求的 (1)In winter，Beijing offers the city’s fun-seekers many appealing(appeal) options，from royal gardens to winter resorts

40、.(2018·皖南八校模擬) (2)We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge. (3)He appealed to/made an appeal to(呼吁) other leaders to donate for the cause. take in收留；吸收；欺騙；領(lǐng)會(huì) take on雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān) take over接任；接替 take off脫掉；起飛；成功 take down寫(xiě)下；拆除 [寫(xiě)出下列句子中take up的漢語(yǔ)意思] (1)Peter will take

41、 up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 開(kāi)始從事 (2)This chapter takes up where the last one left off.繼續(xù) (3)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用 (4)Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受 It has b

42、ecome such an important part in my life that I can hardly imagine what life would be like without music. 音樂(lè)已成為我生命中重要的一部分。真的很難想象，如果沒(méi)有音樂(lè)(我的)生活將會(huì)怎樣。 so/such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。 (1)such...that...句型的常見(jiàn)形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that... (2)so...that...句型的常見(jiàn)形式：

43、 so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that... (3)當(dāng)so/such放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。 (1)They are such little boys and eat so little food that we all love them very much. [句式升級(jí)] (2)It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street. ①It was such a cold day t

44、hat there was nobody in the street.(用such...that...改寫(xiě)) ②So cold a day was it that there was nobody in the street.(用倒裝改寫(xiě)) Never for a moment can I stop my love for reading because books are wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.我對(duì)閱讀的熱愛(ài)一刻也不能停止，因?yàn)樵谖业纳钪袝?shū)是良師益友。 否定詞置于句首，要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的

45、一部分(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞)提到主語(yǔ)之前。這類否定詞或含有否定意義的短語(yǔ)主要有：no，not，never，little，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，not until，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...，in no sense，in no way，in no case，by no means，on no account，at no time，under no circumstances等。 [同義句改寫(xiě)]　將下列句子改為倒裝句 (

46、1)I have never seen such a moving film. →Never have I seen such a moving film. (2)I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark. →Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark. [一句多譯] (3)直到最近他們才鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展與旅游相關(guān)的活動(dòng)。 ①Not until recently did they encourage the development

47、of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. ②They didn’t encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas until recently. ③It was not until recently that they encouraged the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥 (1)當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，not

48、until所在的從句不倒裝，主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 (2)not only...but also...連接兩個(gè)并列句且not only位于句首時(shí)，not only后的句子倒裝，but also后的句子不倒裝。 (3)neither...nor...連接并列的句子時(shí)，(因neither/nor都是否定意義的詞)前后兩句都用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story in the film.原因是在電影中花更少的時(shí)間就能理解整個(gè)故事情節(jié)。 It takes/took (sb. ) s

49、ome time to do...花了(某人)多少時(shí)間做……，表達(dá)“花費(fèi)”的其他句型： (1)sb. ＋spend...on/in doing sth. (2)sth. ＋cost sb. ... (3)sb. ＋pay＋錢(qián)＋for sth. (4)sb. ＋buy...for＋錢(qián) (1)It took me years to get back on my feet. 我花了好幾年才重新找到自己。 [根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用take，spend，cost，pay，buy的正確形式填空] (2)I spent $120 on the books. (3)It takes the bo

50、y most of his free time to learn drawing. (4)She pays ￡200 a week for this apartment. (5)Good words cost nothing，but are worth much. (6)He bought the bag for ten dollars. It’s strange that fishing isn’t as easy to learn as it seems. 很奇怪的是釣魚(yú)不像看起來(lái)那樣容易學(xué)。 as...as...像……一樣；正如 (1)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：第一個(gè)as為副詞，

51、修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。第二個(gè)as為連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句；也可是介詞，其后加名詞或代詞。 (2)否定式：not as/so...as...不如……。 (3)表達(dá)倍數(shù)關(guān)系時(shí)則為：倍數(shù)＋as...as...。 (4)當(dāng)as...as...中間有名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)采用如下形式： as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as或as＋adj.＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋as。 (5)as...as one can/could＝as...as possible盡可能……。 (1)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with student

52、s. 航海的樂(lè)趣與我現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起上課的樂(lè)趣一樣多。 (2)She has as sweet a voice as her mother. 她的聲音像她媽媽的一樣甜美。 (3)As we all know，Asia is four times as large as Europe. 眾所周知，亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。 (2017·浙江，B) Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(調(diào)查) by the National Sleep Fo

53、undation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day，and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. How much sleep you need de

54、pends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest：most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess wha

55、t almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV. “More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are more opportunities(機(jī)會(huì)) to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone，” says Dr Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She s

56、ays these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenag

57、ers to fall asleep before 11 pm. Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers，some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago，schools in Edina，Minnesota，changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am.Students，parents and teachers are ple

58、ased with the results. 25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on? A.American kids’ sleeping habits. B.Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases. C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D.Learning problems and lack of sleep. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段列舉的一系列數(shù)字可知，國(guó)家睡眠基金會(huì)對(duì)一定年齡段孩子的睡眠習(xí)慣進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，這也呼應(yīng)了本段

59、第一句“Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.”，故選A項(xiàng)。 26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day? A.7 hours. B.8 hours. C.10 hours. D.18 hours. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).”可知選C項(xiàng)。 27.Why do teenagers go

60、 to sleep late according to Carskadon? A.They are affected by certain body chemicals. B.They tend to do things that excite them. C.They follow their parents’ examples. D.They don’t need to go to school early. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are mor

61、e opportunities(機(jī)會(huì)) to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone...”以及第二句中的“...these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可知，孩子們?cè)谒X(jué)前看電視、寫(xiě)作業(yè)、上網(wǎng)或打電話都容易讓他們產(chǎn)生興奮感而不愿意睡覺(jué)，故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅰ.宏觀把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò) 通過(guò)閱讀文章可知本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出了美國(guó)孩子睡眠缺

62、乏的問(wèn)題，列舉了不同年齡段的孩子所需的睡眠時(shí)間、青少年晚睡的原因以及學(xué)校為解決青少年的睡眠問(wèn)題所采取的措施。 文章的脈絡(luò)如下： Ⅱ.微觀排障——長(zhǎng)難句分析 According to a new survey(調(diào)查) by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early. 句式分析：該句中According to a new survey by the Na

63、tional Sleep Foundation 是狀語(yǔ)；aged 10 to 18是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)；even though引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 翻譯：根據(jù)國(guó)家睡眠基金會(huì)的一項(xiàng)新的調(diào)查，51%的10到18周歲的孩子在上學(xué)期間晚上10點(diǎn)或更晚上床休息，盡管他們還得早起。 Ⅲ.詞匯積累 1.a bad habit壞習(xí)慣 2.fall asleep睡著 3.depend a lot on很大程度上取決于 4.stay awake保持清醒 5.calm down平靜下來(lái) 6.hormone n.荷爾蒙 7.characteristic n.特點(diǎn)，特征 定位法巧解事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

64、 本文的三道題均為細(xì)節(jié)題中的直接理解題。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中某些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實(shí)的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接關(guān)聯(lián)，從閱讀材料中可以直接找到答案。這種題難度較低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章就能得分，屬于低層次題。 在閱讀中可以使用定位法與跳讀法解決直接理解題。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子(即定位)，然后與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而找出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時(shí)可能是幾個(gè)句子)或段落，然后通過(guò)分析和推理等方法找出正確答案。 以本文

65、26題為例，我們根據(jù)題干中“How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day”(11歲的孩子每天需要多少小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間)直接定位到第二段第四句“For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).”，由此可知大部分學(xué)齡兒童的理想睡眠時(shí)間是10個(gè)小時(shí)，11歲的孩子屬于這個(gè)階段，故選擇C項(xiàng)。 (2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ) 假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國(guó)朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問(wèn)有關(guān)習(xí)俗。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括： (1)到達(dá)時(shí)間； (2)合適的禮物； (3)餐桌禮儀

66、。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 審題謀篇 第一步　明確要求 本文是一篇書(shū)信類應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作，要求根據(jù)提示回復(fù)郵件。本文是篇給材料作文，寫(xiě)作要求和寫(xiě)作目的比較明確，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)為主，人稱以第一、二人稱為主?？忌灰鶕?jù)材料逐詞逐句翻譯，要適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，并注意句子的銜接以提高文章檔次。 第二步　確定段落 寫(xiě)這篇文章時(shí)，可分三段來(lái)寫(xiě)： 第一段：得知Terry要訪問(wèn)中國(guó)，并對(duì)中國(guó)的習(xí)俗感到困惑，準(zhǔn)備回復(fù)； 第二段：具體介紹一些中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀和習(xí)俗； 第三段：表達(dá)愿望。 第三步　提煉要點(diǎn) 1.正要，剛要……be about to 2.訪問(wèn)pay a visit to/visit 3.對(duì)……感到困惑be confused about 4.告知某人某事inform sb. of sth. 5.中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化Chinese traditional culture 6.紀(jì)念品souvenir 7.注意pay attention to/take notice of 8.筷子chopstick 第四步　句式升級(jí)