2022年高中英語《Unit1 Livingwell》語法探究 新人教版選修7

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1、2022年高中英語《Unit1 Livingwell》語法探究 新人教版選修7 動詞不定式復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題 （1）不定式作表語與“be + to do sth.”的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。 His job is to guard.(說明內(nèi)容) be + to do sth.(表示按計劃要做的事) （2）帶不定式作賓語的詞語。 下列詞語常不定式作賓語：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、tr

2、y、arrange、determine、desire等。 下列動詞后可接疑問詞+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。 （3）如何理解和使用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 ①動詞see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的賓補(bǔ)用動詞原形，變被動時要加to,此時的不定式就是主語補(bǔ)足語。 ②常用帶不定式作賓補(bǔ)的幾種情況： 主語 + ask / require / tell / order / force

3、 / get / want / like + sb.to do sth. ③主語 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/ consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done ④主語 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth. （4）不定式作定語的特殊用法。 ①下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opport

4、unity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。 ②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。 There is no one to look after her. ③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。 She is now looking for a room to live in. （5）不定式作狀語的用法。 不定式作狀語，修飾動詞，在句中表示行為目的、結(jié)果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .

5、in order(not)to,so as(not)to用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名詞… as to do作結(jié)果狀語，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. I’m not such a fool as to believe that. （6）不定式的完成時的特殊用法。 ①表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)出的動作。 The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have

6、 been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等動詞常用于上面句型。 此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區(qū)別。 I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對不起，請稍等。（說話時還未等） I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.對不起，讓你久等

7、了。（說話時已等了很久） ②不定式的完成時還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。 （A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成時。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成時，表示該做某事或想做但未實現(xiàn)。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成時，表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望。 （7）不定式的省略。 ①同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列由and或or連接。 I want to finish my homework and

8、 go home. I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：To be or not to be, this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示對比) ②不定式作表語，其前面的主語從句中含有do時，后面的to省略。 What he did was lose the game. ③句中含有動詞do時，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。 Don’t do anything silly, such as ma

9、rry him. ④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。 ⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等詞后省to。如： He could not but walk home. （8）不定式的替代。 多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對話中，為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語或主補(bǔ)，賓補(bǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動用的have或be任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形be或have。如： Susan is not what she used to be. —You cam

10、e late last night. You ought to have finished your homework. —I know I ought to have. 常見的有：I’d like / love / be happy to. (9)動名詞作賓語和動詞不定式作賓語的區(qū)別： begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand 例 句 解 析 1. It began to rain. It began raining. 2. It was

11、beginning to snow. 3. I love lying (to lie)on my back. 4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t like to. 5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now. 1. 意思無差別，但謂語動詞用進(jìn)行 時，后面只跟不定式。 2. 表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語， 如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動， 多接不定式。 remember, forget, regret, try 例 句 解 析

12、 1. I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere. 2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is. 3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sister’s death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We mus

13、t try to get everything ready. 5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday. 1. remember to do sth.記住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顧過去發(fā)生的事 2. forget to do sth.忘記要做的事 forget doing sth.忘記做過的事 3. regret to do sth.對將要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.對發(fā)生過的事后悔 4. try to do sth.設(shè)法……，

14、試圖 try doing sth.試試看，試一試 5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要 mean doing sth.意味著，就是 want, require, need 例 句 解 析 These desks need repairing. These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined. 1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做 2. want doing want to be done 3. require doing require to be done