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1、2022年高中英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)講義+訓(xùn)練 獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格(一) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞;名詞(代詞)+形容詞;名詞(代詞)+副詞;名詞(代詞)+不定式;名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。(二) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn):1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在。2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。舉例:The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束
2、了,我們開始放假。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。This done, we went home.工作完成后,我們才回家。The meeting gone over, e
3、veryone tired to go home earlier.會(huì)議結(jié)束后,每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表伴隨時(shí),既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語舉例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood
4、there, with his hand raise.典型例題The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí),其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞手與分詞綁是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞,選D.注意:1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題:當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí),其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制A r
5、obber burst into the room, knife in hand.( hand前不能加his)。2) 當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí),及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分 詞,不及物動(dòng)詞用過去分詞。He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.典型例題:Weather_, well go out for a walk.A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting答案B. 本題中沒有連詞,它不是復(fù)合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號(hào),且we 小寫,可知其不是兩個(gè)簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷,本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu), 其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞+分詞。 由于permit在這里翻譯為天氣允許,表主動(dòng),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B。如果不會(huì)判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉,再將謂語動(dòng)詞改為非謂語動(dòng)詞即可