備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點09 一般時（含解析）

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1、考點09 一般時高考頻度： 【命題解讀】動詞的時態(tài)是歷年高考的重點，也是高考的必考點。應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點：要把握各種時態(tài)的特點，注意易混淆時態(tài)間的差異；準確理解具體語境下時態(tài)的正確意義，捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息；要克服漢語式的慣性思維，排除誤導(dǎo)，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。【命題預(yù)測】預(yù)計2020年時態(tài)仍將是高考的重點和難點所在。高考主要以語法填空、短文改錯等形式考查，動詞的時態(tài)在語法填空和短文改錯中是必考點。高考在考查時態(tài)的同時，還會兼顧其他語法內(nèi)容的考查，比如各種從句、強調(diào)句、倒裝句等，其交叉式和復(fù)合式的特點尤為明顯。【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 了解并能正確運用?？嫉?1種時態(tài)；2. 熟練運用現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)

2、在完成進行時、一般過去時等高考高頻時態(tài)；3. 掌握幾種易混時態(tài)的區(qū)別，如現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時等。動詞時態(tài)的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)(以動詞do為例)現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般時do / doesdidshall/will doshould/would do進行時am/is/are doingwas/were doingshall/will be doingshould/would be doing完成時have/has didhad didshall/will have didshould/would have did完成進行時have/has been doinghad been doingshal

3、l/will have been doingshould/would have been doing考向一 一般現(xiàn)在時1. 表示客觀事實或普通真理（不受時態(tài)限制）。The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國的東方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。2. 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和often，always，usu

4、ally，sometimes，everyday，once a week等表示頻率的時間狀語連用。 He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚飯后散步。 My mother works at the same company as my father. 我的母親和父親在同一家公司工作。 We always care for each other and help each other. 我們總是相互關(guān)心、相互幫助。3. 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any. 史密斯先生討厭魚而且從

5、來不吃魚。Mary speaks both English and French very well. 瑪麗英語和法語都說得很好。4. 表示安排或計劃好的肯定會出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。 The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飛機上午10點起飛。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。5. 在時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。 We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會議。 I cant leave unless my

6、boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否則我不能走。注意：if 條件狀語從句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示時態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 如果你愿意接受我的邀請來參加我們的聚會，我的家人會很高興?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】一般現(xiàn)在時用法口訣用好一般現(xiàn)在時，時間狀語需牢記?；居梅ㄒ浨澹瑒幼髁?xí)慣經(jīng)常性。客觀真理和能力，有時還表將來時。謂語若為行為動，形式還要主語定。主語人稱是三單，動詞要把-s/-es添。句中若把助動用，謂語動詞用原形。1.【2019

7、新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】時態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時，故填are。2.（2017新課標(biāo)卷II短文改錯）When summer came, they

8、 will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案】將came改為comes【解析】考查時態(tài)。主句是是一般將來時，且本文全篇為一般現(xiàn)在時，故將came改為comes。3. （2017新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空）Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 （eating） (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案】is【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：快餐食物中滿

9、是脂肪和鹽。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一類食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。4. （2017新課標(biāo)卷III語法填空）Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.【答案】comes【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知Sarah認為當(dāng)下應(yīng)該是學(xué)業(yè)第一，說明現(xiàn)在的情況應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。5. （2017北京卷單項填空） People_

10、better access to health care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B【解析】句意：人們有著比過去更好的醫(yī)療保健，所以他們更長壽。與過去對比是現(xiàn)在，所以than前一句話是用現(xiàn)在的時間，而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以前面也用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故選B?？枷蚨?一般過去時1. 表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作時間狀語。It was

11、a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作業(yè)真是很糟糕。He came to work here two weeks ago. 他兩周前來這兒上班的。2. 表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小時候，經(jīng)常在大街上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫婦訪問期間，不

12、論走到哪里，都受到了熱烈的歡迎。3. 用于固定句型中。It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡覺的時間了。Id rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我原以為你會有一些的。Sorry, I didnt see the sign over there. 對不起，我（剛才）沒看見那邊的指示牌。5. 在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時。He said he would not

13、 go if it rained. 他說要是下雨，他就不去。6. 有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的此類動詞有know, think, expect等，表示本來認為。I didnt expect to meet you here. 我沒想到會在這兒遇到你。I thought he had heard the news. 我原以為他已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。常見考法：1. 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來；2. 沒有時間狀語時靈活選用一般過去時的情況；3. as if /as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用一般過去

14、表示虛擬語氣?！菊`區(qū)提醒】時間和條件狀語從句中用錯時態(tài)；沒時間狀語時習(xí)慣用一般現(xiàn)在時?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】一般過去時用法口訣動詞一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生事。句中動詞用過去式，過去時間作標(biāo)記。否定句，很簡單，謂語動詞前didnt添。疑問構(gòu)成也有法，主語前面Did加。還有一點不能忘，后面動詞要還原。1.（2019江蘇卷單項填空）A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. f

15、ell【答案D【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：他到中國幾個月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。發(fā)生在had arrived之后的動作或狀態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時。故選D。2. （2018新課標(biāo)I卷單項填空）During my last winter holiday, I went to （加the）countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.【答案】find改成found【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件發(fā)生在過去，故用一個過去

16、時。故將find改成found。3.（2017新課標(biāo)卷I短文改錯）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so（改為but/yet） once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.【答案】goes改為went【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)前文中的started可知時態(tài)為一般過去時，故將goes改為went。4. （2017新課標(biāo)卷II語法填空）Later, eng

17、ineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.【答案】managed 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處表示過去的情況，所以這里也應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填managed。5. （2017北京卷單項填空）_ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you ca

18、lled C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A【解析】句意：你昨天有沒有給那家公司打電話問問他們對我們的產(chǎn)品感覺怎么樣？打了，他們對產(chǎn)品很滿意?？崭袼陬}干有一個很明顯的時間狀語yesterday，發(fā)生在過去，肯定用過去時，故選A?？枷蛉?一般將來時1. 一般將來時的定義一般將來時表示在現(xiàn)在看來即將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時間副詞tomorrow, soon或短語next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做狀語。如：What will you do thi

19、s afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我們明天要開會。He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出國學(xué)習(xí)。2. 一般將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用(1) shall / will + 動詞原形。表示即將發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。特別是表示客觀性的事情或在某條件下要發(fā)生的事情，只能用此結(jié)構(gòu)。如：What shall we do if he doesnt come? 如果他不來，我們該怎么辦？Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空嗎？I think he wil

20、l tell us the truth. 我想他會告訴我們真實情況的。(2) be going to + 動詞原形。表示已經(jīng)計劃或安排好了的事情，也可表示有跡象表明肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上開會討論這件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那邊的烏云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening

21、 this week. 本周要舉行一個英語晚會。(3) be to + 動詞原形。表示一種常規(guī)性的活動或注定要做的事情。如：Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天該誰打掃教室了？When are you to return your library book? 你什么時候要還圖書？The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 這渡橋該在今年年底前完工。(4) be about to + 動詞原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一種時間上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用時間狀語。如：Dont

22、leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要來了。Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安靜下來，音樂演唱會就要開始了。(5) be +現(xiàn)在分詞。表示即將發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。這個句型中動詞主要是瞬間動詞：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如：Go ahead, and Im coming. 走前面一點吧，我就來。The dog is dying. 那條狗要死了。Hurry up.

23、The shop is closing. 快點，商店就要關(guān)門了。(6) 一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種嚴格按照計劃進行的動作。比方說，上課、飛機起飛、火車離站等。如：Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回憶八點過一刻開始。The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽車四點返回。1.Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D

24、 will be calling【答案】A【解析】句意：Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。好的，我待會再打給他。由later可知，表示的是將來要執(zhí)行的動作，用一般將來時。故選A。2. More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built【答案】B【解析】考查時態(tài)。本句為時態(tài)題，根據(jù)時間狀語soon可知，考查了將來時，且此處表示被動，故選擇B。句意：四川將建設(shè)更多的高速公路以促進

25、當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟?！久麕燑c睛】本題考查時態(tài)。英語中的時態(tài)是靠動詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的，在具體做題時，需要關(guān)注的是時間狀語。因此，考生在做本題時，需要先找出時間狀語soon，然后才能準確判斷時態(tài)是一般將來時。通過觀察選項可知，選項A是現(xiàn)在進行時；選項B是一般將來時；選項C是現(xiàn)在完成時；選項D是過去完成時。故選擇B。3.As you go through this book, you _ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.A. will findB. fou

26、ndC. had foundD. have found【答案】A【解析】一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。在一般將來時的句子中，有時有表示將來時間的狀語，有時沒有時間狀語，這時要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況。句意：當(dāng)你通讀這本書的時候，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)成千上萬的經(jīng)歷過二戰(zhàn)的每個人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意，判斷主語的時態(tài)為一般將來時，故選A【名師點睛】本題旨在考查句子的時態(tài)，要求學(xué)生明確地掌握各個時態(tài)的定義以及它們在時間上的劃分段和用法?！爸鷦釉~will或shall+動詞原形”這一形式，表示將來發(fā)生的事情，用于征求對方的意見或表示客氣的邀請。現(xiàn)在完成時表示到說話時為止（或到現(xiàn)在為止）已經(jīng)發(fā)生或

27、完成了（不一定結(jié)束）的動作或狀態(tài)，共有四種主要用法：一、現(xiàn)在完成時表示影響；二、現(xiàn)在完成時表示持續(xù)；三、現(xiàn)在完成時表示重復(fù)；四、現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來。而在此題中As you go through this book是一個現(xiàn)在時了，所以后文就不能出現(xiàn)過去時或過去完成時。雖然在此題中沒有明確的時間狀語，但從意思上還是可以理解出來的。4. Unless some extra money_, the theatre will be close.A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found【答案】C【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：除非找到一些額外的錢，否則，劇院

28、就倒閉了。根據(jù)主句的將來時態(tài)可知，狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，因為find和money之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。【名師點睛】本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時表將來和被動語態(tài)。Unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。表示讓步、相似、比例的從句也必須用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如：You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 除非你早點動身，否則你就不能及時趕到那兒。Ill follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪兒，我就跟著去哪兒。Whatever you say, I wont pay.

29、 無論你說什么，我都不會付錢。Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 無論我們幫他與否，他都會失敗。The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就會越胖?？忌⒁鈿w納總結(jié)。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單項填空1. In the Himalayas, large tracks have been discovered which some people say _ the Wild Man.A. belonging toB. belong toC. are belonging toD. to belong

30、 to2. Frank _ stamps in his spare time. Its his hobby.A. is collectingB. collectsC. collectedD. was collecting3. Honesty _ an important role in a childs ability to succeed in school and later life.A. playedB. playsC. had playedD. has played4. The dictionary still _ where I _ it moment ago.A. lies；la

31、yB. lied；layC. laid；laidD. lies；laid5. Different types of teas _ by skilled tea-tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.A. are tastedB. were tastedC. tastedD. have tasted6. Mary cleverly met the customers requirements that you _ to deal with, so she won the competition.A. failedB. failC. ma

32、y failD. must fail7. My TV had just been repaired, so I _ to the pub to watch the World Cup final match last night.A. neednt had goneB. didnt need to goC. neednt have goneD. mustnt have gone8. My boss went to Beijing on business and _ me, a green hand, _ the company.He really believes in you! Dont l

33、et him down.A. left；in the charge ofB. had left；in the charge ofC. left；in charge ofD. had left；in charge of9. Hi, Michael, I heard you just came back from a holiday.Yes, I _ for a week in China and 5 days in India.A. stayedB. have stayedC. stayD. would stay10. Shes upset for what you said.I _.A. do

34、nt mean any harmB. didnt mean to hurt herC. dont mean to hurt herD. didnt mean hurting her題組二 能力提升短文改錯Yesterday was my fathers birthday. We made many preparation for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very careful, eventually

35、a warm sweater caught our eye but was purchased.To showing my love for my father, I made a birthday cake under the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate her birthday. With candles lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, that made the room alive with the sound of c

36、heering.Then we take a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Fathers eye, I was filled in with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness.題組三 體驗真題1.（2019新課標(biāo)II卷語法填空）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _to retire_ (retire) f

37、rom her 36-year-old business.2.（2019新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.3.（2018新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空）While running regularly cant make you li

38、ve forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65（than） walking, cycling or swimming.4.（2018全國新課標(biāo)卷III語法填空）True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _69_(mean)me no real harm.5.I still remember 59 visiting (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I

39、60 (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.6.（2016全國新課標(biāo)卷III語法填空）Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.7.【2016全國新課標(biāo)卷III短文改錯）They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 8.（2016江蘇）More efforts, as reported, _in t

40、he years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A. are madeB. will be madeC. are being madeD. have been made9. （2018北京卷單項填空） Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started10.（2017江蘇卷

41、單項填空） Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualifiedC. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單項填空1. B 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：在喜馬拉雅，大型蹤跡已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些人說這些蹤跡是屬于野人的。which引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代large tracks，在從句中作say后面的賓語從句的主語，空處是謂語，排除A、D兩項；belong to不能用進

42、行時，排除C項。故選B。2. B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：Frank在他的空閑時間收集郵票。這是他的愛好。根據(jù)Its his hobby可知，這是Frank經(jīng)常做的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選B。3. B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：誠實對于一個孩子能否在學(xué)業(yè)上和以后的生活中取得成功起著重要的作用。這句話是客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選B。4. D 【解析】考查動詞。句意：那本字典仍然在剛才我放的地方。第一空表示位于，應(yīng)用動詞lie；第二空表示擺放，應(yīng)用lay，其過去式是是laid，故選D項。5. A 【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：在出現(xiàn)在茶葉交易中心之前，不同類型的茶葉被品茶師品嘗。teas和taste是

43、被動關(guān)系，而且這句話表示客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選A。6. A 【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：Mary聰明地滿足了你沒有應(yīng)付得來的顧客的要求，所以她贏得了比賽。that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，不是同位語從句，不能用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)Mary cleverly met可知用一般過去時。故選A。7. B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：我的電視已經(jīng)被修好了，所以昨晚我沒有必要去酒吧看世界杯決賽。因為時間是last night，這句話的謂語用一般過去時。故選B。8. C 【解析】考查時態(tài)和介詞短語。該句中動詞leave和went是并列的謂語動詞，時態(tài)應(yīng)一致，故用left；in the charge of由某人負責(zé)，

44、表被動意義；in charge of負責(zé)，表主動意義，結(jié)合句意，應(yīng)是我負責(zé)公司，故選C項。9. A 【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：你好，Michael，我聽說你剛剛度假回來。是的，我在中國待了一周，在印度待了五天。根據(jù)語境，Michael度假回來了，在中國一周是過去的事情，用一般過去時。故選A。10. B 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)以及動詞的用法。句意：你所說的讓她有些難過。我不是有意傷害她的。mean to do sth意為打算做某事，mean doing sth意為意味著做某事；再根據(jù)語境可判斷出此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，故選B。題組二 能力提升Yesterday was my fathers bir

45、thday. We made many for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very , eventually a warm sweater caught our eye was purchased.To my love for my father, I made a birthday cake the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together t

46、o celebrate birthday. With candles lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, made the room alive with the sound of cheering.Then we a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Fathers eye, I was filled with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness.第一處：preparation改成

47、preparations make preparations for意為為做準備。故把preparation改成preparations。第二處：在find后面加a gift是可數(shù)名詞，這里泛指一個禮物，用不定冠詞，gift是輔音音素開頭的單詞。故在find后面加a。第三處：careful改成carefully 修飾動詞chose用副詞。故把careful改成carefully。第四處：but改成and 由語境可知，這里是遞進關(guān)系而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故把but改成and。第五處：showing改成show 這里是不定式作目的狀語。故把showing改成show。第六處：under改成with wi

48、th the help of意為在幫助下。故把under改成with。第七處：her改成his 由上文my fathers birthday可知這是爸爸的生日，用his。故把her改成his。第八處：that改成which 這里是非限制性定語從句，用which指代上文內(nèi)容，在定語從句中作主語，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故把that改成which。第九處：take改成took 本文的主體時態(tài)是一般過去時。故把take改成took。第十處：去掉in be filled with意為充滿了。故去掉in。題組三 體驗真題1.B 【解析】考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，

49、此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時態(tài)，故填declared。2.recommended?！窘馕觥靠疾橐话氵^去時。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個動作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時態(tài)一致。故填recommended。3.is【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。4.meant【解析】分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語，再根據(jù)總體時態(tài)可知要用一般過去時，所以用meant。5. was

50、 shocked. 【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示我感到很震驚。shock的主語是I,用形容詞和系動詞組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示過去發(fā)生的事，系動詞用過去式。故填was shocked。6.were 【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一個賓語從句，and連接了兩個并列的謂語，主語knives是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，這里用一般過去時，故填were。7.tell told【解析】考查時態(tài)。短文通篇都是在回憶過去的事情，使用的是一般過去時，故把tell改為told。8.B 【解析】根據(jù)句中的時間狀語in the years ahead在未來幾年中可知，本句應(yīng)該使用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。9.C【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新來的嗎？我沒有在附近見過你。你好，彼得。我是鮑勃。我周一剛剛開始住在這兒。根據(jù)兩人談話內(nèi)容可知，Bob現(xiàn)在在這兒，他開始(start)住在這兒是發(fā)生在周一的事情，周一是一個過去的時間，故該句應(yīng)用一般過去時態(tài)，C選項正確。10. C 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他已經(jīng)被告知由于教育背景的原因而沒有資格獲得獎學(xué)金。qualify for sth達標(biāo)，獲得參賽資格；由于條件不滿足而沒有資格做某事，是客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選C。15