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1、Unit 2 Saving the EarthTopic 1 Pollution has caused too many problems. Section A (1a-2). Material analysis本課是九年級(jí)第二單元第一話(huà)題的第一課時(shí)。主活動(dòng)是圍繞過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的變化展開(kāi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)訓(xùn)練。1a通過(guò)關(guān)于“West Hill”今昔環(huán)境變化的對(duì)話(huà)，引出本話(huà)題的污染問(wèn)題，鞏固現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法及區(qū)別。1b要求學(xué)生能夠聽(tīng)懂一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，也就是要分清1b所提及的詞語(yǔ)所伴隨的時(shí)間。1c要求學(xué)生補(bǔ)全描述“West Hill”今昔變化的句子并進(jìn)行內(nèi)容復(fù)述，即整合1a對(duì)話(huà)的信息，將

2、對(duì)話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)換為語(yǔ)篇。2通過(guò)觀察圖片內(nèi)容，結(jié)對(duì)編對(duì)話(huà)，描述污染前后的情況，進(jìn)一步訓(xùn)練學(xué)生口頭表達(dá)能力和對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用能力。.Teaching aims1. Knowledge aims： 掌握本課的重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；鞏固一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法和區(qū)別。能夠用一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)描述過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的變化。正確使用there be sth./sb. doing sth.來(lái)表達(dá)“有某人/物正在做某事”。2. Skill aims: 能運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)圍繞“環(huán)境變化”話(huà)題展開(kāi)簡(jiǎn)單的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)活動(dòng)。3. Emotional aims: 讓學(xué)生了解環(huán)境污染的嚴(yán)重性，并樹(shù)立環(huán)保

3、意識(shí)。4. Culture awareness: 通過(guò)課文的學(xué)習(xí)，讓學(xué)生了解環(huán)境的變化，關(guān)注全球的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。. The key points and difficult points1. Key points: Words and phrases: bee, butterfly, mess, shame, several, waste, pour, see sb./sth. doing sth., pourinto,villager, destroy,cut down, polluteSentences: What a mess! / What a shame! The flowers and

4、 grass have gone! What has happened here?There be sth./sb. doing sth. There are several factories pouring waste water into the stream.Everything has changed. Grammar: Differences between Simple Past and Present Perfect tense. 2. Difficult points：能正確以口頭和書(shū)面形式區(qū)別使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。正確使用there be sth./sb. doing

5、 sth.來(lái)表達(dá)“有某人/物正在做某事”。. Learning strategies 通過(guò)呈現(xiàn)情景的方式進(jìn)行詞匯或句型教學(xué)，讓學(xué)生在情境中理解并學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用； 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)1a和2，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生模仿已有對(duì)話(huà)，編寫(xiě)新的對(duì)話(huà)； 通過(guò)完成1c，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生整合對(duì)話(huà)信息，將對(duì)話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)換為語(yǔ)篇的能力。. Teaching aids錄音機(jī)，幻燈片，黑板等。. Teaching procedures Step 1 Review(5 min)Have a quick review of Unit 1 by inviting some Ss to report their discovery on the changes in o

6、ur hometown. T: Good morning, boys and girls. In Unit 1, we have learned the topic about The Changing World. And your homework last week was to find out the great changes in our hometown these years. Here are the photos you have found about the changes. Good job! Now Id like to invite some of you to

7、 tell us the changes in your pictures. Who would like to have a try?Ss: T: Well done. Thank you very much.Remarks:回顧第一單元，請(qǐng)學(xué)生談?wù)撍麄兪占募亦l(xiāng)今昔變化的圖片，復(fù)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，在真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。Step 2 Lead-in (5 mins)1. Show some pictures about pollution and introduce the topic of Unit 2.T: Im glad that you have f

8、ound out so many great changes in our hometown. These changes are good. However, some other changes are not. Let me show you some pictures. What can you see in these pictures?Ss: T: It is good that we have more factories, more cars, more buildings, but it is bad that we also have more air pollution,

9、 water pollution, light pollution, noise pollution and so on. Pollution has caused many problems. Our changing world is in danger, so we have to save it. Today, we will move on to a new unit, Unit 2 Saving the Earth. Topic 1 Pollution has caused so many problems. 2. Watch a short video about polluti

10、on and ask the Ss to talk about the video.T: Before learning Section A, Id like you to watch a short video and find out what has happened to Lucys hometown.T: OK, now tell me what has happened to Lucys hometown. Ss: T: Yes, Lucys hometown has changed a lot because of pollution. Pollution has destroy

11、ed the village. Now Id like to show you another example of the West Hill.Remarks:通過(guò)圖片從談?wù)摪l(fā)展變化（好的變化）過(guò)渡到環(huán)境變化（壞的變化），自然地導(dǎo)入第二單元的話(huà)題“環(huán)境污染”。接著通過(guò)觀看視頻，讓學(xué)生直觀感受污染給環(huán)境造成的破壞。 Step 3.Pre-listening (8 mins)Present two pictures of the West Hill and help the Ss describe the changes. Teach the new words and some difficu

12、lt sentences. (Show the picture of the West Hill to the Ss on PPT)T: Kangkang and his friends are going to have a picnic in the West Hill. Is the West Hill beautiful? Look at the picture.What can you see in the picture?S1: I can see a big tree(Point to the tree.) S2: I can see some flowers and grass

13、. (Point to the flowers and grass.)T: Can you see the bees and butterflies dancing there. (Point to the bees and butterflies, and then write down the words and phrases on the Bb/show them on the screen.)Ss: Yes.T: What else can you see?S4:I can see a rabbit. S5:I can see a river.T: Right. You can al

14、so say “stream”, a stream is a small river. What else can you see?S6:T: Right. The West Hill was a beautiful place. But it has changed a lot. Look at this picture. What a mess! What can you see in the picture now?S7: I can see the dirty water.S8: I can see some dead fish.T: Right. What has happened?

15、 Can you see the flowers and grass?Ss: No.T: The flowers and grass have gone! “Have gone” means “have disappeared”. (Point to the factories)Look! There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. Everything has changed. (Point to the several chemical factories, and then write

16、 down the words“several, chemical, waste” and sentences“There be.doing sth.”,“What a mess!” on the Bb/show them on the screen.)Remarks: 通過(guò)圖片談?wù)撐魃奖晃廴厩昂蟮臓顩r，更好的體會(huì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用，同時(shí)也突破了單詞關(guān)。在教授新單詞時(shí),同時(shí)呈現(xiàn)單詞和音標(biāo)，讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)音標(biāo)自己解決單詞的讀音問(wèn)題，如果學(xué)生發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)，老師再及時(shí)更正。根據(jù)圖片和講解，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生大膽的猜測(cè)詞義和部分難句的意思，為1a中的聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)掃障礙。Step 4. While-li

17、stening (10 mins)1. Ask the Ss to listen to 1a once and answer some questions. T: Listen to the tape carefully and try to find out the answers to the following questions. (1)When did Kangkang go to the West Hill? (2)Why does Kangkang say “What a mess!”? (3)Do they still want to have a picnic there?T

18、: Now answer my questions. (1)When did Kangkang go to the West Hill?Ss: Two years ago.T: (2)Why does Kangkang say “What a mess!” ?Ss: Because the beautiful West Hill has gone. It isn t beautiful now.T: (3)Do they still want to have a picnic there ?Ss: Of course not.2. Ask the Ss to mark the words wi

19、th P (Past) or N (Now) in 1b.T: Now mark the words with P(past) or N(now) in 1b and check the answers in your group.S1: “Beautiful” is in the past.S2: “Butterflies” are in the past.S3: “Dirty” is now.3. Have the Ss listen to 1a again and pay attention to the pronunciation and the intonation. Then pr

20、actice 1a in groups and role play it.T: Watch the video and pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.T: Now read 1a aloud with your group members and act it out.T: Who would like to be Jane?.Ss:Remarks: 本課對(duì)話(huà)不長(zhǎng)，詞匯量不大，可以直接在組內(nèi)核對(duì)習(xí)題答案。讓學(xué)生通過(guò)朗讀的方式感知一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的差別。分角色朗讀是培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，增強(qiáng)自信，提高興趣的基本方法之一。Step 5

21、. Post-listening (13 mins)1. Have the Ss work in pairs. Look at the pictures and make up conversations with their partner.T: Look at the pictures and make up conversations in pairs like this:Example:A: There were lots of flowers and grass when I visited the village last year.觀察內(nèi)容的選擇，我本著先靜后動(dòng)，由近及遠(yuǎn)的原則，

22、有目的、有計(jì)劃的先安排與幼兒生活接近的，能理解的觀察內(nèi)容。隨機(jī)觀察也是不可少的，是相當(dāng)有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛蟲(chóng)等，孩子一邊觀察，一邊提問(wèn)，興趣很濃。我提供的觀察對(duì)象，注意形象逼真，色彩鮮明，大小適中，引導(dǎo)幼兒多角度多層面地進(jìn)行觀察，保證每個(gè)幼兒看得到，看得清。看得清才能說(shuō)得正確。在觀察過(guò)程中指導(dǎo)。我注意幫助幼兒學(xué)習(xí)正確的觀察方法，即按順序觀察和抓住事物的不同特征重點(diǎn)觀察，觀察與說(shuō)話(huà)相結(jié)合，在觀察中積累詞匯，理解詞匯，如一次我抓住時(shí)機(jī)，引導(dǎo)幼兒觀察雷雨，雷雨前天空急劇變化，烏云密布，我問(wèn)幼兒烏云是什么樣子的，有的孩子說(shuō)：烏云像大海的波浪。有的孩子說(shuō)“烏云跑得飛快?！蔽壹右钥隙ㄕf(shuō)“這是烏云滾滾

23、?！碑?dāng)幼兒看到閃電時(shí)，我告訴他“這叫電光閃閃?！苯又變郝?tīng)到雷聲驚叫起來(lái)，我抓住時(shí)機(jī)說(shuō)：“這就是雷聲隆隆。”一會(huì)兒下起了大雨，我問(wèn)：“雨下得怎樣?”幼兒說(shuō)大極了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比較觀察，讓幼兒掌握“傾盆大雨”這個(gè)詞。雨后，我又帶幼兒觀察晴朗的天空，朗誦自編的一首兒歌：“藍(lán)天高，白云飄，鳥(niǎo)兒飛，樹(shù)兒搖，太陽(yáng)公公咪咪笑。”這樣抓住特征見(jiàn)景生情，幼兒不僅印象深刻，對(duì)雷雨前后氣象變化的詞語(yǔ)學(xué)得快，記得牢，而且會(huì)應(yīng)用。我還在觀察的基礎(chǔ)上，引導(dǎo)幼兒聯(lián)想，讓他們與以往學(xué)的詞語(yǔ)、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，在發(fā)展想象力中發(fā)展語(yǔ)言。如啄木鳥(niǎo)的嘴是長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像醫(yī)生用的手術(shù)刀樣，給大樹(shù)開(kāi)刀治病。通過(guò)聯(lián)

24、想，幼兒能夠生動(dòng)形象地描述觀察對(duì)象。B: But now the flowers and grass have gone.A: What a shame! What has happened here?B: The villagers have destroyed them.T: Now Id like to invite two pairs to have a try.Ss:2. Have the Ss read through 1a and fill in the blanks in 1c in groups.T: Read through 1a and fill in the blank

25、s in 1c as quickly as possible, and then discuss the answers with your group members. T: Now check the answers together.S1: a beautiful placeS2: lots of flowers and grassS3: 3. Have the Ss retell 1a to their partner.T: Try to retell 1a to your partner. You can use the pictures and the key words.Exam

26、ple: In the past, the West Hill was a beautiful place with flowers and grass. We could see bees and butterflies dancing. The air was fresh, the water was very clean and we could see fish swimming. But now, all the flowers, grass, bees, butterflies and fish have gone. The water is so dirty and it sme

27、lls terrible. Why? Because there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. Pollution has destroyed the West Hill, so we should protect the environment.Remarks: 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)1a，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生模仿已有對(duì)話(huà)，編寫(xiě)新的對(duì)話(huà)；接著要求學(xué)生根據(jù)1a的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全句子并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行復(fù)述，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生整合對(duì)話(huà)信息，將對(duì)話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)換為語(yǔ)篇的能力。通過(guò)Post-listening這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)一步鞏固和運(yùn)用本課所學(xué)詞

28、匯、句型和語(yǔ)法，兼顧了語(yǔ)言輸入和輸出，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)能力。Step 6 Summarizing. (3 mins)Sum up the main content of this class and the key pointsT: Lets sum up what we have learned today. We learn some new words, phrases and sentences. Please repeat after me: bee, butterfly, stream, mess, shame, several, pour, waste; see sb. d

29、oing sth., pourinto; There are/isdoing. Now we can express our strong feelings, such as “What a mess!”, “What a shame!” We can also know the differences between Simple Past and Present Perfect tense. For example, “It was a beautiful place.” “Everything has changed.” Step 7 Assigning homework. (1 min

30、s)1. Practice 1a with your partner.2. Retell 1a and write down the changes in the West Hill.3. Talk about how many kinds of pollution you know and make a list. Blackboard designPollution has caused too many problems.Section A(1a-1c)Words and phrase:bee,butterfly,stream,mess, shame,several,waste, see

31、 sb./sth. doing sth.,pour sth. into, villager,destroy, cut down, pollute觀察內(nèi)容的選擇，我本著先靜后動(dòng)，由近及遠(yuǎn)的原則，有目的、有計(jì)劃的先安排與幼兒生活接近的，能理解的觀察內(nèi)容。隨機(jī)觀察也是不可少的，是相當(dāng)有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛蟲(chóng)等，孩子一邊觀察，一邊提問(wèn)，興趣很濃。我提供的觀察對(duì)象，注意形象逼真，色彩鮮明，大小適中，引導(dǎo)幼兒多角度多層面地進(jìn)行觀察，保證每個(gè)幼兒看得到，看得清。看得清才能說(shuō)得正確。在觀察過(guò)程中指導(dǎo)。我注意幫助幼兒學(xué)習(xí)正確的觀察方法，即按順序觀察和抓住事物的不同特征重點(diǎn)觀察，觀察與說(shuō)話(huà)相結(jié)合，在觀察中積累

32、詞匯，理解詞匯，如一次我抓住時(shí)機(jī)，引導(dǎo)幼兒觀察雷雨，雷雨前天空急劇變化，烏云密布，我問(wèn)幼兒烏云是什么樣子的，有的孩子說(shuō)：烏云像大海的波浪。有的孩子說(shuō)“烏云跑得飛快?！蔽壹右钥隙ㄕf(shuō)“這是烏云滾滾?！碑?dāng)幼兒看到閃電時(shí)，我告訴他“這叫電光閃閃?！苯又變郝?tīng)到雷聲驚叫起來(lái)，我抓住時(shí)機(jī)說(shuō)：“這就是雷聲隆隆。”一會(huì)兒下起了大雨，我問(wèn)：“雨下得怎樣?”幼兒說(shuō)大極了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比較觀察，讓幼兒掌握“傾盆大雨”這個(gè)詞。雨后，我又帶幼兒觀察晴朗的天空，朗誦自編的一首兒歌：“藍(lán)天高，白云飄，鳥(niǎo)兒飛，樹(shù)兒搖，太陽(yáng)公公咪咪笑?！边@樣抓住特征見(jiàn)景生情，幼兒不僅印象深刻，對(duì)雷雨前后氣象變化的詞語(yǔ)學(xué)得快，記得牢

33、，而且會(huì)應(yīng)用。我還在觀察的基礎(chǔ)上，引導(dǎo)幼兒聯(lián)想，讓他們與以往學(xué)的詞語(yǔ)、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，在發(fā)展想象力中發(fā)展語(yǔ)言。如啄木鳥(niǎo)的嘴是長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像醫(yī)生用的手術(shù)刀樣，給大樹(shù)開(kāi)刀治病。通過(guò)聯(lián)想，幼兒能夠生動(dòng)形象地描述觀察對(duì)象。Sentences:唐宋或更早之前，針對(duì)“經(jīng)學(xué)”“律學(xué)”“算學(xué)”和“書(shū)學(xué)”各科目，其相應(yīng)傳授者稱(chēng)為“博士”，這與當(dāng)今“博士”含義已經(jīng)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。而對(duì)那些特別講授“武事”或講解“經(jīng)籍”者，又稱(chēng)“講師”?！敖淌凇焙汀爸獭本瓰閷W(xué)官稱(chēng)謂。前者始于宋，乃“宗學(xué)”“律學(xué)”“醫(yī)學(xué)”“武學(xué)”等科目的講授者；而后者則于西晉武帝時(shí)代即已設(shè)立了，主要協(xié)助國(guó)子、博士培養(yǎng)生徒?！爸獭痹诠糯?/p>

34、僅要作入流的學(xué)問(wèn)，其教書(shū)育人的職責(zé)也十分明晰。唐代國(guó)子學(xué)、太學(xué)等所設(shè)之“助教”一席，也是當(dāng)朝打眼的學(xué)官。至明清兩代，只設(shè)國(guó)子監(jiān)（國(guó)子學(xué)）一科的“助教”，其身價(jià)不謂顯赫，也稱(chēng)得上朝廷要員。至此，無(wú)論是“博士”“講師”，還是“教授”“助教”，其今日教師應(yīng)具有的基本概念都具有了。What a mess! / What a shame!其實(shí),任何一門(mén)學(xué)科都離不開(kāi)死記硬背,關(guān)鍵是記憶有技巧,“死記”之后會(huì)“活用”。不記住那些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),怎么會(huì)向高層次進(jìn)軍?尤其是語(yǔ)文學(xué)科涉獵的范圍很廣,要真正提高學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作水平,單靠分析文章的寫(xiě)作技巧是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,必須從基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)抓起,每天擠一點(diǎn)時(shí)間讓學(xué)生“死記”名篇佳句、名言警句,以及豐富的詞語(yǔ)、新穎的材料等。這樣,就會(huì)在有限的時(shí)間、空間里給學(xué)生的腦海里注入無(wú)限的內(nèi)容。日積月累,積少成多,從而收到水滴石穿,繩鋸木斷的功效。The flowers and grass have gone!What has happened here?There are several factories pouring waste water into the stream.第 6 頁(yè)