bs英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】bs en 936 chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption — carbon dioxide

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 936:2006 Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption — Carbon dioxide

2、 ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 936:2006 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of 936:2006. It supersedes BS EN 936:1998 which is withdrawn. The

3、 UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary prov

4、isions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:4

5、4, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2008 ? BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 55268 7 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD N

6、ORME EUROPéENNE EUROP?ISCHE NORM EN 936 August 2006 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 936:1997 English Version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Carbon dioxide Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la con

7、sommation humaine - Dioxyde de carbone Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Kohlenstoffdioxid This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditio

8、ns for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three

9、official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Au

10、stria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

11、 EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I Té EUR O P éEN DE NOR M A L I S A TI ON EUR O P ? I S C H ES KOM I TEE F ü R NOR M UNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield

12、, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 936:2006: E Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

13、Contents Page Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction .........................................................................................

14、........................................................................4 1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................5 2 Description ......................................

15、...............................................................................................................5 2.1 Identification...................................................................................................................................................5 2.2 Commercial for

16、m ...........................................................................................................................................5 2.3 Physical properties.....................................................................................................................................

17、...6 2.4 Chemical properties ......................................................................................................................................6 3 Purity criteria..................................................................................................................

18、................................7 3.1 General............................................................................................................................................................7 3.2 Composition of commercial product .........................................................

19、..................................................7 3.3 Impurities and main by-products .................................................................................................................7 3.4 Chemicals parameters ......................................................................

20、............................................................7 4 Test methods..................................................................................................................................................7 4.1 Sampling ...........................................................

21、..............................................................................................7 4.2 Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................7 5 Labelling - Transportation -

22、Storage............................................................................................................8 5.1 Means of delivery...........................................................................................................................................8 5.2 Risk and safety

23、 labelling according to the EU Directives .........................................................................8 5.3 Transportation regulations and labelling ....................................................................................................8 5.4 Marking ......................

24、.....................................................................................................................................9 5.5 Storage.........................................................................................................................................................

25、...9 Annex A (informative) General information on carbon dioxide............................................................................10 A.1 Origin ..............................................................................................................................................

26、..............10 A.2 Use ................................................................................................................................................................12 A.3 General rules relating to safety .........................................................................

27、.........................................12 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................14 Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrol

28、led Copy, (c) BSI Foreword This document (EN 936:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identica

29、l text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2007. This European Standard supersedes EN 936:1997. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 936:1997 are as follows: a) deletion

30、 of the reference to EU Directive 80/778/EEC of July,15 1980 in order to take into account of the last Directive in force (see [1]); b) updating of the transportation regulations and labelling. c) the requirement for carbon dioxide content is now only 99% instead of 99.7% in the latest editio

31、n According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvi

32、a, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Introduction In respect to the po

33、tential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption caused by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU o

34、r EFTA; d) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or appro

35、val of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Scope

36、 This European Standard is applicable to carbon dioxide used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of carbon dioxide and specifies the requirements and corresponding analytical methods for carbon dioxide. It also gives information on its use in wa

37、ter treatment. 2 Description 2.1 Identification 2.1.1 Chemical name Carbon dioxide. 2.1.2 Synonym or common name Carbonic acid gas (carbonic anhydride). 2.1.3 Relative molecular mass 44,011. 2.1.4 Empirical formula CO2. 2.1.5 Chemical formula CO2. 2.1.6 CAS

38、 Registry Number 1) 124-38-9. 2.1.7 EINECS reference2) 204-696-9. 2.2 Commercial form The carbon dioxide is supplied as a liquefied gas. NOTE The solid form is not usually used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. 1) Chemical Abstracts Se

39、rvice Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2.3 Physical properties 2.3.1 Appearance The carbon dioxide is a colourless gas or liquid. 2

40、.3.2 Density The density of the gas at 0 °C and 101,3 kPa 3) is 1,9 768 kg/m3, while the density of the liquid at 0 °C and 4 000 kPa is 933,318 kg/m3. 2.3.3 Solubility in water The solubility of the gas in water is 1,72 g/l at 20 °C and 101,3 kPa. 2.3.4 Vapour pressure The vapour pr

41、essure of the liquid is 5 733,0 kPa at 20 °C. 2.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa3) (See 2.3.6). 2.3.6 Melting point The sublimation point of solid CO2 is -78,9 °C (and 101,3 kPa). 2.3.7 Specific heat The specific heat of carbon dioxide is 0,827 kJ/kg x K at 0 °C and 100 kPa. 2.3.8

42、Viscosity (dynamic) The viscosity of the liquid is 147 x 10-7 Pa x s at 20 °C. 2.3.9 Critical temperature The critical temperature of the liquid is 31 °C. 2.3.10 Critical pressure The critical pressure of the carbon dioxide is 7 883 kPa. 2.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable.

43、 2.4 Chemical properties The carbon dioxide CO2 forms a weak acid when dissolved in water. It reacts with alkalis to form carbonates and bicarbonates. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Purity crit

44、eria 3.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for carbon dioxide used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process othe

45、r impurities may be present and if so, the user and when necessary to relevant authorities, shall be notified. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking int

46、o account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production

47、 process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 3.2 Composition of commercial product The product shall contain at least a volume fraction of 99 % of

48、 CO2 in bulk and in cylinder. NOTE The composition of the commercial product is defined in the EU Directive 96/77/EC of December 2, 1996 (see [3]). 3.3 Impurities and main by-products The residual gas content consists mostly of nitrogen, oxygen and moisture. 3.4 Chemicals parameters

49、NOTE The chemical parameters and indicator parameters according to EU Directive 98/83/EC (see [1]) are not found in the gaseous phase. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the manufacturing process. 4 Test methods 4.1 Sampling Observe the recommendation

50、s of ISBT “Carbon Dioxide Quality Guidelines and Analytical Procedure Bibliography March 2001” (see [4]). 4.2 Analysis 4.2.1 Carbon dioxide Measure of a fixed volume of product (V1). Absorption in potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) 30 % by a proper CO2 appliance with an accuracy

51、of volume fraction from 0 % to 0,05 % (calibrated in 0,01 %- steps).The residue volume (V2) which is measured after absorption of CO2 is to subtract from (V1). The difference (V1 - V2) = V3 is equivalent to the volume part of CO2 (Equipment: Orsat, Zahm, Hasselberg). NOTE 1 Observe the re

52、commendations of International Society of Beverage Technologists (ISBT) “Carbon Dioxide Guidelines and Analytical Procedure Bibliography March 2001” (see [4]). NOTE 2 Alternatively the carbon dioxide may be determined by gas-chromatography. Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03

53、/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4.2.2 Impurities Determine the volume of gas impurity (see 4.2.1). Note: Alternatively, the impurities content may be determined by gas chromatography. 5 Labelling - Transportation - Storage 5.1 Means of delivery The carbon dioxide

54、 shall be delivered both in pressurized containers vessels (tanks or cylinders). In order that the purity of the product is not affected, the means of delivery shall not have been previously used for any different product or it shall have been specially cleaned and prepared before use. 5.2 Ris

55、k and safety labelling according to the EU Directives4) Carbon dioxide is not subject to labelling regulations at the date of publication of this European Standard. NOTE Annex I of the Directive 67/548/EEC on Classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances and its amendments an

56、d adaptations in the European Union contains a list of substances classified by the EU. Substances not in this Annex I should be classified on the basis of their intrinsic properties according to the criteria in the Directive by t he person responsible for the marketing of the substance. 5.3 Tran

57、sportation regulations and labelling The labelling of tanks and cylinders is as follows: a) liquid carbon dioxide is listed as UN Number5) 1013 and refrigerated carbon dioxide is listed as UN Number 2187; 4) See [2]. 5) United

58、Nations Number. Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI b) Under the RID 6), the ADR7) and the IMDG8) regulations, liquid carbon dioxide and refrigerated carbon dioxide is designated (with label 2.2). 5.4 Marking The marking sha

59、ll include the following information: ? name "carbon dioxide" and the trade name; ? net mass; ? name and the address of the supplier and/or manufacturer; ? statement "this product conforms to EN 936". 5.5 Storage The product is stable during long term storage. Pressure v

60、essels containing carbon dioxide shall be protected from direct heat and the storage rooms shall be well-ventilated, especially if they are below ground level. Cylinders shall preferably be stored horizontally; if upright, they shall be secured to prevent them toppling over.

61、 6) Regulations concerning International carriage of Dangerous goods by Road. 7) European Agreement concerning the international carriage of Dangerous goods by rail. 8) International Maritime Transport of Dangerous Goods. Licensed C

62、opy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Annex A (informative) General information on carbon dioxide A.1 Origin A.1.1 Raw materials Natural carbon dioxide or as a product from chemical processes or from combustion, which differs

63、from natural carbon dioxide chiefly in the components of residual gases. The potential impurities in carbon dioxide from different sources are given in Table A.1 (see [5]). Licensed Copy: x x, The University of Sheffield, 03/07/2009 16:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.1 — Chemical

64、and indicator parameters and impurities Parameter Limit value Remarks CO2 identity Positive Omitted if closed CO2 system CO2 purity > 99,98% CO < 5 mg/l Moisture < 10 mg/l Acidity Pass test Total sulfur (as S)a < 0,1 mg/l H2S < 0,05 mg/l Can be omitted if "Total

65、S" is < 0,05 mg/l COS < 0,05 mg/l Can be omitted if "Total S" is < 0,05 mg/l SO2 < 0,5 mg/l Can be omitted if "Total S" is within limit value NOx < 1 mg/l NO < 0,5 mg/l NH3 < 1 mg/l Total volatile hydrocarbon (as methane equivalents) < 10 mg/l Benzene < 0,01 mg/l Sum of BT

66、EXb < 0,02 mg/l Acetaldehyde < 0,2 mg/l Methanol < 10 mg/l Ethanol < 10 mg/l Only applicable for CO2 from fermentation sources Nitrogen < 60 mg/l Oxygen < 10 mg/l Hydrogen < 10 mg/l Oil < 1 mg/kg Non-volatile residues < 10 mg/kg Taste and odour in water No foreign taste or odour Unsaturated C2-C5 hydrocarbonsc < 5 mg/l Volatile oxygenated compoundsd < 1 mg/l HCN < 0,5 mg/l Only applicable for CO2 from coal gas sources PH3 < 0,3 mg/l Only