裕興新概念英語第二冊筆記 第21課

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1、Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是瘋了 Why do people think the writer is mad? Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came i

2、nto use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must

3、 be mad and they are probably right. 參照譯文 飛機(jī)正在逐漸把我逼瘋。我住在一種機(jī)場附近，過往飛機(jī)日夜不絕于耳。機(jī)場是許近年前建的，但由于某種因素當(dāng)時(shí)未能啟用。然而去年機(jī)場開始使用了。有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已經(jīng)棄家遠(yuǎn)去，我是少數(shù)留下來的人中的一種。有時(shí)我覺得這房子就要被一架飛過的飛機(jī)撞倒。她們曾向我提供一大筆錢讓我搬走，但我決定留在這兒。人們都說我肯定是瘋了，也許她們說的是對的。 【New words and expressions】（4） 1 mad [m?d] a.發(fā)瘋 2 reason ['ri:z?n] n.因素 3 sum[s

4、?m] n.量 4 determined [di't?:mind] a.堅(jiān)定的，下決心的 一．單詞解說： mad? adj. 發(fā)瘋的 be mad 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)狂 （強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)） go mad 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)狂 （強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變） drive sb mad 逼瘋 /send sb mad be mad about sth 對…瘋狂的，狂熱的 /be mad on sth be mad on football 對足球狂熱 be mad on pop music be mad on jazz be mad about/on sth /be crazy about… 對…著迷 go ma

5、d 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)狂 /go crazy /go insane [in'sein] (歌曲 “Right Here Waiting”中，”I slowly go insane…”) the insane 精神病人 go bananas? (sl.) become mad or angry, act very foolishly. 發(fā)瘋，發(fā)火，傻里傻氣 go nuts 發(fā)瘋 nut:? (sl.) foolish, eccentric or mad person mental patient 精神病患者 mental hospital 精神病醫(yī)院 like mad 拼命地，劇烈地，

6、瘋狂地 reason 1) n. 因素 reasonable? adj. 合情合理的，良好的，尚可的 at a reasonable price 以合理的價(jià)格 eg. The plane is in a reasonable condition. 飛機(jī)的狀態(tài)良好 cause 導(dǎo)致某事發(fā)生的起因 the cause of the fire 大火的起因 eg. Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer. 吸煙是肺癌的起因之一。 reason 1) n. 因素 for this reason 由于這個(gè)因素 for some res

7、son 由于某個(gè)因素 ( some: 某一種，加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)) /for a certain reason give a reason 提出理由 the root reason 主線因素 the reason is that… 理由是… the reason why…is that…?? …的理由是… eg. The reason why I study English is that I envy those who speak English well. ?? 我學(xué)習(xí)英語的理由是我羨慕那些講英語較好的人。 the reason for sth?? …理由 eg. Wha

8、t’s the reason for your absence? 你缺席的理由是什么？ the reason to do sth 做某事的理由 eg. Is there any reason to go there? 有去那兒的理由嗎？ 2) 理性，正常心智 eg. Only man has reason. 只有人類才有理性。 lose one’s reason 喪失理智 beyond all reasons 毫無道理 bring a person to reason 使（某人）明白道理，使不做糊涂事 sum 1)? n. 金額，款項(xiàng) a sum of money 一筆錢

9、 表“許多”的短語： a great many + pl. a number of + pl. a great number of + pl. a large number of + pl. a sum of (money) an amount of (money) a large sum of money 一大筆錢 the sum of incomes 收入總計(jì) 2) n. 大意，要旨 the sum of a speech 演講大意 sum up (1) 合計(jì) sum up all the expenses 把所有的耗費(fèi)加起來 (2) 總結(jié)，概括 eg. To

10、 sum up, he agrees with us. 總的來說，她批準(zhǔn)我們的觀點(diǎn)。 in sum === in a word / in short / in brief 總之，要言之 determined? adj. 有決心的，堅(jiān)定的 determine? vt. 決定，擬定，影響 determine a date for a meeting 擬定開會(huì)的日期 eg. The environment determines one’s character. 環(huán)境決定人的性格。 determine on sth 決定做某事 /determine to do sth eg. We d

11、etermined to study English hard. 我們決定要努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。 eg. I am determined to stay here. 我決定留下來。 eg. I am determinrd to succeed. 我下定決心一定要成功。 “決定做某事”的體現(xiàn)： determine to do sth make up one’s mind to do sth decide to do sth make a decision to do sth ( decision? n.) be determined to do sth determination?

12、 n. 判斷力，決心 a woman of determination 有判斷力的女人 eg. He showed great determination. 她顯示了堅(jiān)定的決心。 二、核心句型Key Structures 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 第十課中，我們對被動(dòng)語態(tài)進(jìn)行了初步的解說，特別是一般過去時(shí)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，本課我們講一般將來時(shí)，目前完畢時(shí)及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 l、一般將來時(shí)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) will/shall +be+過去分詞 例： When will the road be opened to traffic? 這條路什么時(shí)候開通？ 例： Your wat

13、ch will be repaired. 你的表將被修理。 2、目前完畢中時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/has+十been+過去分詞 例：My bag has been stolen. 我的包己經(jīng)被偷走了。 例: This point has not been covered yet. 這一點(diǎn)沒有被提到。 3、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) can／could be+過去分詞must be十過去分詞 may/might be+過去分詞must have been+過去分詞 例：Your watch can be repaired. 你的表可以被修理。 例: He asked how

14、 the video could be operated. 她間怎么樣來操作這臺(tái)DV機(jī)。 例：This new car must be tested. 這輛車必須被檢查。 例：Cars must not be parked here. 車不能被停在這。 例：My bag must have been stolen. 我的包一定是被偷走了 must have done想必是，一定是（對發(fā)生完的事情比較有把握的判斷） 例： He must have gone. 她一定是走了。 Exercises： 改寫如下句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài) I will send a message i

15、mmediately. 我將立即發(fā)出這個(gè)消息去。 A message will be sent immediately. 一種消息將會(huì)立即被發(fā)出去。 2. We must sell all these goods. 我們必須賣掉所有的貨品。 一AII these goods must be sold. 所有的貨品必須被賣掉。 3. I told you he would receive the parcel in time. 她將及時(shí)的收到包裹。 -+I told you the parcel would be received in time. 包裹將被及時(shí)收到。 H

16、e has to deliver the letter by hand. 4. 她必須親手去送這封信。 --The letter has to be delivered by hand. 這封必須被親手送。 5. They must have lost your letter in the post 她們一定在郵寄過程中丟掉你的信。 Your letter must have been lost in the post. 你的信一定是被丟掉了。 三、課文解說Text Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. drive eg. He

17、drives his car very badly. 她開車技術(shù)非常糟糕。 eg. The farmer drove the cattle in the field. 那位農(nóng)夫把牛趕進(jìn)田里。 eg. Our army drove the enemy back. 我們的軍隊(duì)把敵人趕回去了。 eg. During the war, many people were driven out of their homes. 戰(zhàn)爭期間，許多人被趕出家園。 I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day (

18、in fact the noise of passing planes can be heard night and day) （借喻） eg. I couldn’t hear the actors. → I couldn’t hear the actors’ words. night and day/day and night表日夜 The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. for some reason 由于某種因素 some: 某種（個(gè)）+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

19、to some extent 在某種限度上 in some way 在某種意義上 someone somebody something eg. Some Mr. Wang wanted you on the phone. 一種王先生打電話找你。 Last year, however, it came into use. come into use 投入使用（永無被動(dòng)，物作主語） eg. When did this word come into common use? 這個(gè)詞什么時(shí)候廣泛使用的？ eg. The airport came into use last year.

20、這個(gè)機(jī)場去年投入使用。 go out of use 停止使用 eg. The present phone boxes will go out of use next year. 既有的電話亭來年停止使用。 Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. over: more than must have done 對發(fā)生完的事情有把握的判斷 must have been done （被動(dòng)形式） I am one of the few people left. left

21、 leave---left---left left作定語常放n.后 eg. There is only 2 yuan left in my pocket. 我的口袋里只剩余2元錢。 eg. There is nobody left in the room. 房間里一種人也沒有留下。 Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by the passing plane. sometimes 有時(shí)候 sometime （過去或?qū)恚┠硶r(shí)候 some time 一段時(shí)間 some times 幾次，幾倍 （本博注：這是中國人

22、的用法，地道的說法是：several times） 有關(guān)knock的短語： knock at 敲 knock at door knock at window knock off 下班；從…碰下去；優(yōu)惠，折扣 knock over 撞翻，打翻，撞倒 knock down 撞倒 knock out 打昏 eg. Knock it off. 住手?。蛔】?！ Have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but l am determined to stay here. offer? vt. 提供，予以 offer hel

23、p 提供協(xié)助 offer a sum of money 提供一筆錢 offer a job 提供一份工作 offer sb sth offer sth to sb give sb sth give sth to sb 被動(dòng)→ sb be given sth → sb be offered sth eg. He was given a job. eg. He was offered a job. 被動(dòng)→ sth be given to sb → sth be offered to sb eg. A job was given to him. eg. A job was

24、 offered to him. be determined to do sth 下定決心要做 Everybody says I must be.mad and they are probably right. I must be mad 有把握的判斷 eg. You must be hungry now. They are probably right. 她們也許是對的。 They may be right. （也許性的判斷） They might be right. ( might比may更加委婉，對判斷的把握性更小某些) Special Difficulties:

25、home and house eg. After work I always go home. 下班后我總是回家。 eg. I stay at home during the weekend. 周末我呆在家里。 eg. There is no place like home. 沒有任何地方像家同樣。 eg. They are building many new houses in our district. 她們正在我們這個(gè)區(qū)建大量的新居子。 eg. Houses are very expensive. 住宅很昂貴。 eg. I paid a lot of money for a

26、new house. 我付一大筆錢買了一棟新居子。 eg. House is a man’s castle. 家是男人的城堡。 eg. Thera is no place like home. 金窩銀窩不如自己的狗窩。 eg. East or west, home is best. 不管東南西北，家最佳。 homeland/ motherland/native land 祖國 Exercises: 用house(s)或home填空 1. It was raining heavily and I was glad to get home. 2. The government pla

27、ns to build thousands of houses next year. 3. He is very rich. He owns a house in the country. 四、 練習(xí) 1. It couldn't be used then. It wasn't ____ to use it A. able B. allowed C. impossible D. possible 分析； D. 才干完畢句子，使這個(gè)句子同前一句含義接近； A. 可以，一般是人作主語； B. 容許，不符合題意； C，不是不也許的，與題意相反。 2. Ove

28、r a hundred people must have been driven away ____ they were. A.I think B. I' m sure C. Certain D. Of course 分析： B. 我確信，語調(diào)過為肯定，不表達(dá)推測： C. 是形容詞，表“肯定的，，缺主語與謂語，不符合語法和題意： D. 固然，過于肯定，含義不夠精確： A. 我想，我覺得，表達(dá)推側(cè)。 3. I am determined to stay here I ____ stay here. A. am will to B. want to C. may

29、 D. am going to 分析 D. 表達(dá)“打算，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，更加接近前一句的I am determined to stay here; A. 不符合語法習(xí)慣； B. “想要”與“決定”含義有些差距； C. 可以留下來，詞義更加不接近。 4. They carried out a lot of experiments to ____ the speed of sound. A. decide B. determine C. detect D. devise 分析； A. 決定： B. 擬定，決定：C. 探測： D. 籌劃。 六、補(bǔ)充練習(xí) 量詞 a shovelful of一鏟 例： He put a shovelful of snow in Kate' s bed as a practical joke. 她把一鏟雪放在凱特的床上，以此來開玩笑。 a snatch of （尤指會(huì)話，歌曲等）半晌，片段，點(diǎn)滴 例: He had a snatch of sleep sitting in this chair. 她坐在這張椅子上小睡了一會(huì)兒。