裕興新概念英語第二冊筆記 第10課

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1、Lesson 10 Not for Jazz 不適于演奏爵士樂 What happened to the clavichord? We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfath

2、er many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. 參照譯文 我家有件古樂器，被稱作古鋼琴，是1681年德國造的。我們的這架古鋼

3、琴寄存在起居室里。我們家有這件樂器已經(jīng)好久了， 是我祖父在很近年此前買的?？伤鼇肀灰环N客人弄壞了，由于她用它來彈奏爵士樂。她在擊琴鍵時用力過猛，損壞了兩根琴弦。我爸爸大為吃驚，不許我們再動它。爸爸的一種朋友正在修理這件樂器。 【New words and expressions】（11） 1 jazz [d??z] n.爵士音樂 2 musical ['mju:zik?l] a.音樂的 3 instrument ['instrum?nt] n.樂器 4 clavichord ['kl?vik?:d] n.古鋼琴 5 recently ['ri:s?ntli] ad.近來 6 d

4、amage ['d?mid?] v.損壞 7 key [ki:] n.琴鍵 8 string [stri?] n.(樂器的)弦 9 shock [??k, ?ɑk] v.使不悅或氣憤，震驚 10 allow [?'lau] v.容許，讓 11 touch [t?t?] v.觸摸 一、 單詞解說 jazz n. 爵士音樂 classical music 古典音樂 folk music 民族音樂 country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂 pop (popular) music 流行音樂 jazz 爵士音樂 play jazz 演奏爵士樂 eg. They tried to

5、play jazz on the piano. 她們試圖在鋼琴上演奏爵士音樂。 rock and roll 搖滾樂 rap 拉普樂（說唱音樂） musical adj. 音樂的 music [U] a piece of music 一首音樂 concert ['k?ns?t] [C] 音樂會 musical adj. 音樂的 musician n. 音樂家 a music lesson 一堂音樂課 a music teacher 音樂教師 a music lover 音樂愛好者 a piece of music 一首音樂 face the music 面對失??；面

6、對不肯面對而又不得不面對之事 （說法：1.新演員初上舞臺非常緊張，但是音樂響起了，不得不上舞臺，必須去面對音樂，面對自己不敢面對的事情；2.新兵入伍后參與軍事檢閱，軍樂響起來了，不得不按照節(jié)拍去走，哪怕再緊張也沒有用。） a musical instrument 一件樂器 a musical performance 樂器演奏 a musical score [sk?:] 樂譜 musical voice 美妙的聲音 instrument 1) 器具，儀器 torture ['t?:t??] instruments 刑具 operation instruments 手術(shù)器械

7、 2) 樂器 musical instrument 樂器 -----What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你會演奏哪種樂器呢？ -----I can play the guitar. 我會彈吉她。 -----I can play the piano. 我會彈鋼琴。 -----I can play the violin. 我會拉小提琴。 -----I can play the saxophone ['s?ks?,f??n]. 我會吹薩克斯管。 instrument中的----ment是名詞后綴 movement 移動 go

8、vernment 政府 judgment 判斷 argument 爭論，證據(jù) clavichord n. 古鋼琴 recently adv. 近來地 ；lately adv. 近來地 常用在目前完畢時以及過去時中 eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 近來它被一位客人弄壞了。 eg. They have recently bought a new car. 她們近來剛剛買了一輛新車。 eg. Have you seen him recently. 近來你見過她嗎? recent adj. 近來的，最新的 eg. In r

9、ecent years there have been great changes. 在近來幾年有很大的變化。 eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息? eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 這張照片看起來很新是近來照的。 more recent; most recent damage v. 損壞 spoil v. 損壞，慣壞，寵壞 damage v. 部分損壞 destroy v. 毀壞，徹底損壞 spoil 1) 破壞 eg. The rain spoiled our excur

10、sion[iks'k?:??n]. 雨破壞了我們的遠(yuǎn)足籌劃。 2) 腐爛 eg. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 魚在很熱的房間里已經(jīng)腐爛了。 3) 寵愛 eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。 damage n. [U] [C] 1) 損失 [U] a lot of damage 大量損失 damage to sth 對……的損失 damage to the car 對車輛導(dǎo)致的損失 damage to crops 對莊稼導(dǎo)致的損失 damage to

11、one's reputation 對某人名聲導(dǎo)致的損失 2) damages 補(bǔ)償 [C] v. 損壞 1) 部分損壞 break 打斷 cut 剪，砍，割 crush [kr??] 壓壞，搗壞 tear 撕 stain [stein] 弄臟 都涉及在damage 范疇之內(nèi) 2) 損害 eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸煙有害于你的健康。 to damage relations between two countries 損害兩國之間的關(guān)系 to damage one's career[k?'ri?] 損壞某人的職業(yè) dama

12、ge one's good name 損害某人的好名聲 destroy v. 毀壞，粉碎（但愿，籌劃等） eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火消滅了整個森林。 eg. All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal [ri'fju:z?l]. 我所有的但愿被她的一封回絕信消滅了。 key n. 1) 琴鍵 eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她過度用力敲擊琴鍵。 or: She hit the keys too hard. 2) 鑰匙

13、 the key to the door 這個門的鑰匙 the answer to the question 這個問題的答案 the entrance to the hall 這個大廳的入口 the train to London 開往倫敦的火車 to表由此及彼的方向性 adj. 核心的，重要的 key structures 核心句型 eg. Who is the key person in this class？誰是這個班里的核心人物？ Every student. 人人都是。 a key question 一種核心問題 string n. （樂器的）弦 1)細(xì)繩

14、（比 cord 細(xì)，比thread粗） a piece of string 一條繩子 a ball of string 一卷繩子 2) （附在衣服等之上的）帶子 apron['eipr?n] strings 圍裙帶 3) 弦樂器 the strings弦樂器 violin 小提琴 mandolin [,m?nd?'l?n, 'm?ndl?n] n.曼陀林(一種琵琶類樂器) cello ['t?el??] 大提琴 harp 豎琴 viola [v?'??l?] 中提琴 guitar [ɡi'tɑ:] 吉她 contrabass ['k?ntr?'beis] 低音弦樂器

15、 都是弦樂器 clavichord 古鋼琴 piano 鋼琴 organ ['?:ɡ?n] 風(fēng)琴 harpsichord ['hɑ:ps?,k?:d] 大鍵琴 都稱為instrument woodwind ['w?dw?nd]木管樂器 brass 銅管樂器 percussion [p?'k???n] 打擊樂器 4) 一串…..，一系列…… a string of necklace 一串項鏈 a string of pearls 一串珍珠 a string of visitors 一系列的來訪者 a string of wins 一系列的勝利 tied to one'

16、s wife's apron strings （深受）妻子影響及控制 harp on one's string 舊調(diào)重彈，老事重提 have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人 shock v.使…..不悅或氣憤，震驚 shocking adj.令人震驚的 shocked adj.感到震驚的 be surprised 對……感到驚訝（中性） be shocked 震驚（貶） be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了 be surprised at/by sth 對…..感到吃驚 be shocked at/by sth 對……感到震怒/震驚

17、 be astonished at/by sth 對…..感到目瞪口呆 surprise n. 以surprise為例 eg. Mary's birthday is coming. I'll give her a surprise. 瑪麗的生日就要到了，我要給她一種驚奇。 a surprise party 一種意外約會 to one's surprise 令某人吃驚的是 allow [?'lau] v. 容許，讓（非正式用語） permit [p?'mit] v.容許，讓（法律條文規(guī)定，正式用語） permit ['p?mit] n. 通行證 1) allow doin

18、g…..容許做 eg. We don't allow smoking. 我們不容許吸煙。 2) allow sb to do sth 容許某人做某事 eg. My mean boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone. 我那個吝嗇的老板不容許我使用電話。 allow yourself to make mistakes 不要對自己太嚴(yán)格，要容許自己出錯誤。 3) 授與人….. eg. He allows his son too much money. 她給兒子太多的錢。 allowance [?'lau?ns] n. 津貼；補(bǔ)貼；零用錢(

19、Am.) eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment 付鈔票打9.5折 make allowances for 考慮到 touch v. 觸摸 touch-me-not 鳳仙花 forget-me-not 勿忘我 eg. Don't touch me. 別碰我。 eg. Don't touch that dish. It's very hot. 不要碰那只碟子，它很燙。 vi.摸起來 （可以跟形容詞） 類似的詞有： sound 聽起來 taste 嘗起來 look 看起來 The desk touches smooth

20、. 這桌子摸起來很光滑。 The fish smells good. 這魚聞起來較好。 The story sounds interesting. 這故事聽起來令人感愛好。 touched/moved/excited 感動的（主語多是人） touching/moving/exciting 令人感動的（主語多是物） touch stone 試金石 a near touch 千鈞一發(fā) in touch 保持聯(lián)系 out of touch 失去聯(lián)系 ? 二、核心句型Key Structures 被動語態(tài) l、構(gòu)成：由系動詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be體現(xiàn)出來。 一般過去

21、時： 例：People make history. 人民發(fā)明歷史。 History is made by the people. 歷史被人民發(fā)明。 注意：過去分詞的過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化 例: They completed the building last year. 她們?nèi)ツ杲ㄍ赀@幢大樓。 When was the building completed? 這幢樓什么時候被建成的？ 例： They won' t allow you to take so much luggage with you. 她們不會容許你隨身帶這樣多行李的。 You won't be all

22、owed to take so much luggage with you. 你不會被容許隨身帶這樣多行李的。 目邁進(jìn)行時： 例： They are building a new railway. 她們正在建造一條新鐵路。 A new railway is being built. 一條新的鐵路正在被修建。 過去進(jìn)行時： 例：They were widening the roads. 她們正在拓寬馬路。 The roads were being widened. 馬路正在被拓寬。 目前完畢時： 例: They have redesigned the aircra

23、ft. 她們已經(jīng)重新設(shè)計了飛機(jī)。 The aircraft has been redesigned. 飛機(jī)被重新設(shè)計了。 過去完畢時： 例: The factory had reduced production costs. 工廠已經(jīng)減少了生產(chǎn)成本。 Production costs had been greatly reduced. 生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)被減少。 2、被動語態(tài)與積極語態(tài)的辨別 積極：施動者+謂語+受動者 被動：受動者十be+v。過去分詞十（by+施動者） 一般而言，被動語態(tài)施動者無需說出，由于這種句式強(qiáng)調(diào)的是受動者。 例: Prisoners of war

24、 built this bridge in 1942. 戰(zhàn)俘在1942年修建這座橋 The bridge was built in 1942 (by prisoners of war). Exercise l) We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord. 我們有一種古樂器，我們把它叫做古鋼琴。 We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. 我們有件古樂器，它被叫做古鋼琴 2) Someone made the machine

25、 in Germany in 1681. 人于1681在德國制作了這架機(jī)器。 The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681. 有人于1681在德國制作了這架機(jī)器。 The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681. 3) a student-composed song 由學(xué)生所作曲的一首歌 4) Everybody respected them at that time. 那個時候每個人都很尊重她們。 They were respected by everybo

26、dy at that time. 那時她們被每個人尊重。 三、課文解說Text We have an old musical instrument. have 有，擁有 eg. I have many friends. 當(dāng)"有，擁有"講時，無被動態(tài)和進(jìn)行時態(tài) have 是一種很活潑的詞，有諸多的意思 have breakfast have a fever 發(fā)熱 have a good time 玩得開心 have a headache 頭疼 have a running nose 流鼻涕 have a swollen['sw??l?n] face 臉浮腫 have

27、sth done 由別人做某事 have something to do with 與……有關(guān)系 have nothing to do with 與……沒有關(guān)系 have anything to do with 與……有任何關(guān)系 have to do sth 不得不做某事 It is called a clavichord. 變?yōu)榉e極語態(tài)為： We call it a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. be made in + 地點(diǎn) 表達(dá)產(chǎn)地 be made in + 時間 表達(dá)制作于某時 be made of (a

28、material) 用某種材料制作 表達(dá)仍能看出原材料 eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 這把茶壺是銀制的。 eg. be made from (one or a number of materials) 由某種或某些材料制成 表達(dá)已經(jīng)看不出原材料 eg. Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。 eg. This sweater is made from wool. 這件毛衣是羊毛制成的。 be made by sb 被…..制造 eg. This cake was made by my

29、 sister. 這只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。 be made for 為…..做的 eg. This cake was made for you. 這只蛋糕是為你制作的。 Our clavichord is kept in the living room. living room 起居室 (room in a private house for general use during the daytime ) sitting room (Br.) = living room Our clavichord is kept in the living room 轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極語態(tài): We

30、 keep our clavichord in the living room. We keep our clavichord in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. belong to 屬于（無被動） 類似的詞尚有: happen 發(fā)生 take place 發(fā)生 have 有 The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. 轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極語態(tài)： My grandfather bought it many year

31、s ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 積極態(tài)為： Recently a visitor damaged it. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. too 太，過多（貶） eg. You think too much. 你想得太多了。 eg. You work too hard. 你工作太勤奮了。 break-broke-broken break vt. eg. She

32、 broke two strings. 她弄斷兩根琴弦。 eg. She fell and nearly broke her neck. 她摔倒，差點(diǎn)摔斷脖子。 broken adj. 斷了的，破了的 eg. The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。 Eg. The book is broken. 這書太破了。 eg. The strings were broken. 琴弦斷了。 My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. to touch it是主語補(bǔ)足語 積極態(tài)為： Now my my

33、father does not allow us to touch it. to touch it是賓語補(bǔ)足語 It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. 積極態(tài)為： a friend of my father's is repairing it. a friend of my father's （雙重所有格） 還可替代成：one of my father's friends我爸爸的一種朋友 eg. Tom lent me one of his books.湯姆借我一本書 or: Tom lent me a book of

34、his.湯姆借給我一本書 eg. He is one of my friends.她是我的一種朋友 or: He is a friend of mine. Special Difficulties-----make be made in 表達(dá)制造于某地或某時 be made of 表達(dá)能看出原材料 be made from 表達(dá)看不出原材料 made by sb 表達(dá)是誰制造的 made for 為了誰而制造 1) Is your watch made of gold? 2) These knives were made in Sheffield ['?efi:ld]

35、設(shè)菲爾德(英國英格蘭北部都市)? 3) This cake was made from sugar, flour, butter and egg. 雙重所有格替代練習(xí)： eg. a friend of my father's or: one of my father's friends我爸爸的一種朋友。 1) He borrowed one of my records.她借了我的一本磁帶。 He borrowed a record of mine. 2) She showed me one of John's pictures.她給我看強(qiáng)尼的一張照片。 She showed m

36、e a picture of John's. 3) It was one of her ideas.這是她的一種主意。 It was an idea of hers. 4) One of your letters was found on my desk.你的一封信在我桌子上被找到了。 A letter of yours was found on my desk. 5) Some of their friends came to see me.她們的某些朋友來看我。 Some friends of theirs came to see me. 四、練習(xí) Exercises

37、 l) We are not allowed to touch it. We _____ touch it. 我們不被容許碰它。 A mustn’t B mustn’t to C haven’ t to D don’ t have to 分析：B千萬不要，背面只能加動詞原形； C不合乎語法；D合乎語法，但意思上不合乎題意： A不要做某事，干萬不要做某平，合乎語法，含義也對的： 答案是：A 2) The visitor damaged it She _____ it. 客人弄壞了它，她弄壞了它 A hurt B pained C broke D destroyed

38、 分析：A傷害，使傷心，一般指精神上的、情感上的或指對身體某一部位的傷害； B是疼痛，使痛苦；D毀壞，摧毀建筑物等；C打碎，損壞。 答案是：C 3) Recently it was damaged. She damaged it____ 近來它被弄壞了，她弄壞了它。 A late B lastly C lately D finally 分析：A遲，晚； B最后； D最后，最后； C近來。 答案是：C 4) You have to pass the professional examinations to be _____ to the society.

39、你不得不通過社會所承認(rèn)職業(yè)考試 A allowed B permitted C admitted D submitted 分析：A容許； B許可，容許，準(zhǔn)許； C承認(rèn)； D服從，順從，提交，遞交。 答案是：C 五、復(fù)習(xí)Review 1. Key Structure: 一般過去式的被動語態(tài)： Was/were十 v. ed 例: This bridge was built in 1942. The bridge was built in 1942. 這座橋在1942年被修建了。 Main points: Music 音樂 classica

40、l music 古典音樂 Folk music 民族音樂 country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂 Pop(popular) music流行音樂 key to the door門的鑰匙 Key structure 核心句型 E surprised at對…感到驚訝（中性） Be shocked at 對…感到震驚（貶） Be astonished 對…感到目瞪口呆，傻了 Be surprised at/by sth 對…感到震驚 Be shocked be astonished 對…感到震驚 Be astonished be aston

41、ished 對…感到目瞪口呆 Touch V. 觸摸 Touch smooth 摸起來很光滑 You think too hard 你想的太多了 Be broken 被弄斷了，被弄折了 Be made in 十地點(diǎn)表達(dá)產(chǎn)地 +時間表達(dá)制作于某時 Be made of 由什么做成（表達(dá)仍能看出原材料料） Be made from 表達(dá)已經(jīng)看不出原材料 Be made by sb 被…所制造的 A friend of mine 我的一種朋友 One of my friends 我的一種朋友 六、補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容 量詞 l)a layer of —層 例: He wrapped each component on several layers ofof foam rubber. 每個部件她都用幾層泡沫橡膠包了起來。 2)a lot of許多 例: A lot of rain fell in Scotland last night. 昨天晚上蘇格蘭下了許多雨。 [用法]可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞