人教版高中英語必修四 Unit1語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)——主謂一致講解和同步練習(xí)

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1、高中英語語法基礎(chǔ)——主謂一致知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解與同步練習(xí) 概念：主謂一致是指主語與謂語在數(shù)上要保持一致。 一．謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況 1．動(dòng)名詞短語、不定式短語、名詞性從句做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。如： Buying?clothes?is?often?a?time-consuming?job. To?understand?the?situation?completely?requires?more?thought. 2．表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積等度量的名詞短語做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。?Two weeks?was?too?long.?Ten?y

2、uan?is?enough.十元錢足夠了。 3．一般用?and?連接的兩個(gè)單詞或短語做主語時(shí)候，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但是下面用?and?連接的主語表示一個(gè)概 念，謂語用單數(shù)： law?and?order?法制?soap?and?water?肥皂水 a?cup?and?saucer?茶杯碟子?fork?and?knife?刀叉 the?needle?and?thread?針線?trial?and?error?反復(fù)嘗試，不斷摸索 horse?and?carriage?馬車?time?and?tide?歲月 bread?and?butter?奶油面包?the?ebb

3、?and?flow?盛衰，潮漲潮落 Bread?and?butter?is?our?daily?food?Time?and?tide?waits?for?no?man 4.?代詞?each?和由?every,?some,?no,?any?等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有?each,?every,?謂語需用單 數(shù)。 例如：Each?of?us?has?a?tape-recorder.我們每個(gè)人都有一臺(tái)錄音機(jī)。 There?is?something?wrong?with?my?watch.我的表出問題了。 5.?兩個(gè)用?and?連接的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語，且第

4、二個(gè)名詞前無冠詞，表示“一體”或“一雙”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單 數(shù)。?例如：The?watch?and?chain?is?made?of?gold. 注意：若第二個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前有冠詞，謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。?例如：A?peot?and?a?writer?have?come?to?speak?to us. 6.?當(dāng)不定代詞?someone,?somebody,?anyone,?anybody,?evryone,?evrybody,?something,?anything,?nothing,?no?one, nobody,?each,?the?other,?all?等作主語時(shí)，謂語

5、動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：Someone?is?waiting?for?you?outside. 7.?兩個(gè)用?and?連接而被?each,?every?或?no?修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。?例如：?No book?and?(no)?magazine?is?allowed?to?be?taken?away. Each?teacher?and?(each)student?wants?to?see?the?film. 8?.當(dāng)主語為“many?a?+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。（許多…） 例如：Many?a?student?has?to?spe

6、nd?their?weekends?studying?in?the?classroom. 9.?當(dāng)主語為?“one?and?a?half?+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：One?and?a?half?bananas?is?left?on?the?table. 10.?當(dāng)主語為?“more?than?one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：More?than?one?example?is?necessary?to?make?the?students?understand?the?rule?clearly. 11.?形式是復(fù)數(shù)，意義是單數(shù)的詞：n

7、ews,?works(工廠)=factory,?means,?plastics(塑料)?，politics, maths=mathematics?等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：The?news?is?very?exciting.?Politics?is?a?very?important?subject?to?us. works( 注意：works?有兩層含義：works(著作；作品)=books;?a?work=a?book; 工廠)=factory前者 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后者作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：It?is?said?that?Chairma

8、n?Mao’s?works?have?been?published. That?works?we?visited?yesterday?is?very?large. 等，謂 修 12.?主語是一些只用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如?clothes,?trousers,shoes,gloves?語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng) 這些詞前用?a?piece?of?飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：There?is?a?piece?of?shoes?in?the?box. 13.?四則運(yùn)算中，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 例如：?Ten?and?two?is?twelve.?Ten?added?t

9、o?two?is?twelve. 14.?國名、人名、書名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：En?gles?is?Marx’s?best?friend. 二．?謂語用復(fù)數(shù)情況 姓 1.?當(dāng)主語為“the+?的復(fù)數(shù)形式”時(shí)，表示“一家人”或“一對(duì)夫婦”，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：The?Smith?are?our?friends. 觀 2.?集體名詞如：army,?class,?enemy,?family,?government,?group,?public,?company,?committee, team,?audience(眾

10、)?作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。若將其作為一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；?若指其 中的成員或個(gè)體，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。 他家不 他的 例如：?His?family?isn't?very?large.?是一個(gè)大家庭。 His?family?are?music?lovers.家人都是音樂愛好者。 兵) 3.?名詞?people,?police,?cattle,民milita(，mass(群眾)?等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ． 4 連 等修 例如：Cattle?feed?on?grass.由?and,?both?…and,?接的并列主語，和?both?,a?few,?

11、many?,several飾語 后面，謂語動(dòng)詞 通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Few?people?know?he?and?I?were?classmates?when?we?were?at?college. 5．某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類人，做主語時(shí)候，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) The?rich?are?not?always?selfish 6．不可數(shù)名詞作主語，其前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) Three?million?tons?of?coal?were?exported?that?year 7.?并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù) 讀和寫 例

12、如：Reading?and?writing?are?very?important.都是非常重要的。 三．謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則的情況 (also)??;??or 1.?由連詞?ei?ther…or…;?neither…nor…;?whether…?or…;?not?only…but等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng) 詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 to???是 blame. 例如：Either?you?or?she?is?要么go.你走，要么是她走。 Neither?I?nor?he?is?to?我和他都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。 2.?在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主

13、語一致 There?stands?a?tree?on?the?top?of?the?mountain. Just?outside?the?ruins?is?a?magnificent?building?surrounded?by?tall?trees. 3.?當(dāng)?there?be?句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與鄰近的主語保持一致。 例如：There?is?a?pen,?a?knife?and?several?books?on?the?desk..桌上有筆、小刀和幾本書。 4．當(dāng)主語后面跟有?with,?together?with,?like,?except,?bu

14、t,?no?less?than,?as?well?as?等詞引起的短語?時(shí)，謂語動(dòng) 詞與最前面的主語一致。 例如：The?teacher?together?with?some?students?is?visiting?the?factory.老師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。?He?as?well as?I?wants?to?go?boating.他和我都想去劃船。 5.?“one?of?+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)?one?前加?the?only?時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞則用 單數(shù)。 例如：Tom?is?one?of?th?eboys?who?com

15、e?to?school?early. Jack?is?the?only?one?of?the?boys?who?comes?on?time. 6.?特例： A?(large)quantity/mass/variety?of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+謂語動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式； (large)quantities/masses/varities?of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7.?all?of,?most?of,?some?of,?the?rest?of,?half?of?及分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)跟名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由?所跟名 詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 例如

16、：The?rest?of?the?computers?are?on?sale?today. The?rest?of?lecture?is?not?intresting. 8.?a?number?of?和?the?number?of?后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，前者的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，后者則用單數(shù)。?例如：A number?of?girls?are?still?I?the?classroom. The?number?of?people?invited?was?more?than?eighty. 9．某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中主語與謂語的數(shù)： 第一組： a?great?many

17、?+?可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)?謂語用復(fù)數(shù) a?number?of?+?可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) the?majority?of?+?可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)?謂語用復(fù)數(shù) 第二組： the?number?of?+?可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) neither/either?of?+?可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)?謂語用單數(shù) one?and?a?half?+?可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) 第三組： more?than?one?+?可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) many?a?+?可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)： ( )1.?Either?Jane?or?Steven?____

18、_?watching?TV?now. A.?were?B.?is?C.?was?D.?are ( )2.?Two?days?_______enough?for?me?to?finish?the?work.?I?need?a?third?day. A.?isn’t?B.?is?C.?are’t?D.?are ( )3.?—How?many?lessons?do?you?usually?haver?a?day? —Six?lessons?a?day.?And?each?of?them?_____45?minutes. A.?last?B.?lasts?C.?ha

19、ve?D.?are ( )4.?Neither?Liping?nor?I?_______a?basketball?player. A.?am?B.?is?C.?be?D.?are ( )5.?There?______?many?new?words?in?lesson?one.?It?is?very?easy. A.?is?B.?aren’t?C.?isn’t?D.?are ( )6.?The?number?of?the?students?in?our?school?____1200. A.?is?B.?are?C.?has?D.?have ( )7.?

20、Maths?_______?my?favourite?subject. A.?be?B.?is?C.?am?D.?are ( )8.?The?boy?with?the?two?dogs?_____?when?the?earthquake?rocked?the?city. A.?were?sleeping?B.?is?sleeping?C.?was?sleeping?D.?are?asle ( )9.?Every?one?except?Tom?and?John?_____there?when?the?meeting?began. A.?are?B.?is?C.?we

21、re?D.?was ( )10.?That?place?is?not?interesting?at?all.?____of?us?wants?to?go?there. A.?Neither?B.?Both?C.?All?D.?Some ( )11.?Nobody?but?Jane?_____?the?secret. A.?know?B.?knows?C.?have?know?D.?is ( )12.?—What’s?on?the?plate??some?eggs?and?cakes?on?it? —There?_____some?eggs?and?cakes

22、?on?it. A.?is?B.?are?C.?was?D.?were ( )13.?This?pair?of?glasses?______mine. A.?are?B.?be?C.?is?D.?will?be ( )14.?Both?Lily?and?Lucy?______?to?the?party?yesterday. A.?invited?B.?was?invited?C.?had?invited?D.?were?invirted ( )15.?—Two?months?______quite?a?long?time. —Yes,?I’m?afra

23、id?that?he?will?miss?lots?of?his?lessons. A.?is?B.?are?C.?was?D.?were ( )16.?In?the?city?the?old?_______. A.?take?good?care?of?B.?are?taken?good?care?of C.?is?taken?good?care?of?D.?are?been?taken?good?care?of ( )17.?His?family?_____all?very?kind?and?friendly,?His?family?______a?happy?on

24、e. A.?are,is?B.?is,is?C.?are,are?D.?is,are ( )18.?The?singer?and?the?dancer?_____come?to?Beijing. A.?has?B.?have?C.?are?D.?is ( )19.?The?children?in?this?class?each?_____new?school?bag. A.?have?B.?has?C.?has?got?D.?are?having ( )20.?All?but?one?_____?here?just?now. A.?is?B.?was?

25、C.?has?been?D.?were ( )21.?You?as?well?as?your?wife blame(責(zé)備)?for?the?accident?（交通事故）. A.?are?B.?is?C.?have?D.?has ( )22.?Neither?my?wife?nor?I able?to?teach?my?daughter?to?sing?English?songs. A.?has?been?B.?is?C.?are?D.?am ( )23.?Tom’s?teacher?and?friend?___?Mr.?Smith. A.?has?B.?a

26、re?being?C.?is?D.?are ( )24.?Many?a?student?___?that?mistake?before. A.?had?made?B.?has?been?made?C.?have?made?D.?has?made ( )25.?Between?the?two?buildings?___?a?monument. A.?is?standing?B.?standing?C.?stands?D.?stand ( )26.?Laying?eggs?___?the?ant?queen’s?full-time?job. A.?have?B.

27、?has?C.?are?D.?is ( )27.?The?whole?class?___?greatly?moved?at?his?words?yesterday. A.?is?B.?had?C.?were?D.?was ( )28.?Deer?___?faster?than?dogs. A.?will?run?B.?are?running?C.?runs?D.?run ( )29.?The?police?___?a?prisoner. A.?are?searched?for?B.?is?searching?C.?are?searching?for?D.?i

28、s?searching?for ( )30.?More?than?one?answer?___?to?the?question?so?far. A.?had?given?B.?were?given?C.?has?been?given?D.?have?been?given 參考答案： (1).B?(2).?A?(3).?B?(4).?A?(5).B?(6).A?(7).B?(8).?C (9).?D?(10).?A?(11).B?(12).B?(13).C?(14).?D?(15).A (16).B?(17).A?(18).B?(19).A?(20)?D?(21).?A?(22).?D (23).C?(24).D?(25).C?(26).D?(27)?D?(28).?C?(29).?C?(30).?D