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1、專題十五閱讀表達(dá),高考英語（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?閱讀表達(dá)是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的結(jié)合,它要求考生在正確理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,按照題目要求用合理的形式來回答問題。 閱讀表達(dá)屬于主觀題。它的作用是綜合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、語言概括能力、推理判斷能力以及自主創(chuàng)新能力。它既考查考生對(duì)語篇的理解能力,又考查考生的英語表達(dá)能力。此外,其開放性試題的設(shè)置也給予考生一個(gè)充分的發(fā)散思維的空間和表達(dá)空間。 一、細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題 1.題目要求:要求考生能夠捕捉并理解文章中出現(xiàn)的具體信息,并結(jié)合文 中的具體要求進(jìn)行回答。,方法技巧,2.設(shè)問形式:此類問題的設(shè)置通常基于文章自身內(nèi)容,常用what,why,how等特殊疑問詞進(jìn)行提問。
2、 3.答題技巧:解該類題時(shí),首先要仔細(xì)審題,然后根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞快速、準(zhǔn)確地在文章中定位相應(yīng)的語句,結(jié)合該語句(或其上下句)的內(nèi)容,用正確的格式進(jìn)行回答,答案內(nèi)容往往是固定的、唯一的。 4.常見的回答方式有: 問題形式:Why.? 回答形式:Because+句子(表示原因);Because of+名詞性短語(表示原因);To + 動(dòng)詞原形(表示目的);In order to + 動(dòng)詞原形(表示目的)。 問題形式:What.?,回答形式:完整的句子;名詞(短語);動(dòng)名詞(短語)。 問題形式:列舉性問題。 回答形式:名詞(短語);動(dòng)名詞(短語)。 問題形式:How.?(詢問方式) 回答形式:
3、By (doing).; 完整的句子。 例1(2018天津夏) 1Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life. 2When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town
4、 at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods,of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to?Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be start-ing to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely
5、mysterious steps. 3I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top!But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didnt e home soon. So I ran back home almost in the da
6、rk while trying not to get too scared. 57.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain?Give two reasons.(no more than 15 words),答案Because it was getting dark, and she didnt want her mother to worry about her. Or:Because she was scared, and might not be able to find her
7、/the way back home.細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題。由第三段最后三句“如果我繼續(xù)攀登,我可能會(huì)看不見回去的路。如果我不能很快回到家,媽媽會(huì)極度擔(dān)心的。因此我?guī)缀跏窃诤诎抵信芑丶业?努力不讓自己感到太害怕?！笨芍鸢?。,答案He encouraged/forted/inspired her.細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題。由第四段中的Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know its hard, but its all about persistence.”可知,在Alice感到沮喪時(shí),父親坐下來和她談心,給她安慰與鼓勵(lì)。,59.According to the last para
8、graph, what do Alice and her father have in mon?(no more than 10 words) 答案They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題。由尾段中的We are both passionate about acting, which es from us being so interested in people.可知答案。,二、主旨表達(dá)題 1.題目要求:概括全文或文中某一段的大意;給文章擬一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。 2.設(shè)問形式:Whats the mai
9、n idea of the passage/Paragraph.? Whats the passage mainly about? Whats the best title for the passage? 3.答題技巧:考生在回答該類問題時(shí),要善于歸納文章、語段的主旨大意;善于查找文章中的主題段、主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和核心詞。 解該類題時(shí),注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞,二要語言簡(jiǎn)練。 4.常用的回答形式有: 名詞短語/動(dòng)名詞短語;,名詞+后置定語;名詞+定語從句;名詞+同位語從句; 名詞性從句或“疑問詞+不定式”:What./Why./How./How to.。 例(2017天津春)
10、 4I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate. Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well. Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dignity. Many of the people whom I hav
11、e met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life. Perhaps I re-ceived far more than I ever gave. 59.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words),答案The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act. Or:The author learned that volunteerism is a two-way act. Or:The aut
12、hor has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work. 主旨表達(dá)題。由段落首句I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate.可知答案。,三、推斷表達(dá)題 1.題目要求:要求考生能夠在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析,做出合理的推理和判斷。推斷表達(dá)題包含兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容,一是對(duì)文中的具體內(nèi)容做出推理和判斷; 二是推測(cè)作者或文中相關(guān)人物的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 2.設(shè)問形式: Whats the pur
13、pose of the text?,For what purpose does the author mention.in Paragraph.? What does the author really mean by saying.? What kind of attitude does the author have towards.? What does.imply? What can we learn from the text? 3.答題技巧: 要吃透文章的字面意思,從字里行間捕捉有用的線索。 要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行由表及里的挖掘加工,不能斷章取義,以偏概全。 要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提
14、供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù),立足已知,推斷未知。,不能主觀臆想,也不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。 了解語篇結(jié)構(gòu),重視文章的主旨,體會(huì)文章基調(diào),所寫答案的內(nèi)容一定要立足于語篇內(nèi)容和主旨。 把握句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系,把握邏輯發(fā)展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音,揣摩出作者的態(tài)度。 回答要緊扣題目,語言既要完整,又要簡(jiǎn)潔,不要超過規(guī)定詞數(shù)。 4.常用的回答形式有: To show/inform us that.; To give us useful tips/advice/suggestions on how to.; To encourage/persuade us to.; 完整的句子。,例1(201
15、8天津春) 3Helping customers and establishing connections with them is one of the things I love most about my job. About two months ago, I helped a woman who was looking for a dress. She told me exactly what she was picturinga blue dress with long sleeves and a lace neck. We didnt have any such dress, a
16、nd when I explained that to her, she wasnt very happy. Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find other items in her size that could work. We shared our love of the Netflix fashion show, and she ended up buying $200 worth of
17、 new clothes, having found other items she liked. This experience has taught me to be more open with strangers.,58.How did the author manage to meet the customers needs in Para. 3?(no more than 15 words),答案She learned about the customers interest and helped her get the clothes that suited her.Or:By
18、learning about the customers taste and what her dress was for. Or:She helped the customer to get the clothes she liked. 推斷表達(dá)題。由第三段的Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find oth-er items in her size that could work.可知,作者試著去了
19、解顧客的品味,幫助顧客買到滿意的衣服。,例2(2018天津夏) 4Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there?Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never ing back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But
20、 something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again. 58.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4?(no more than 10 words),答案She had rich imagination and she was brave. Or:She was a brave and det
21、ermined girl with rich imagination. Or:She was imaginative and determined, and she dared to explore. Or:She was imaginative, adventurous and determined. 推斷表達(dá)題。由第四段內(nèi)容“我急切地躺在床上想象著我會(huì)在神奇的山頂發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。那兒會(huì)有城堡嗎?或許我會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)怪物?；蛟S我在冒著永遠(yuǎn)回不了家的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?；蛟S我什么也發(fā)現(xiàn)不了!但是我內(nèi)心深處的某種東西讓我打算不惜任何代價(jià)去攀登那座山。我?guī)缀醯炔患霸俅蚊半U(xiǎn)”可知答案。,四、猜詞表達(dá)題 (一)題目要求:考生
22、能夠利用上下文判斷某個(gè)單詞、短語或句子在特定 語言環(huán)境中的確切含義。 (二)設(shè)問形式: Whats the meaning of the underlined word/phrase/part in the.paragraph? What does the underlined part in the.paragraph mean? (三)答題技巧:結(jié)合文章主旨大意、整合上下文語境信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè),還要利用同義或者反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法及語篇文脈關(guān)系等理解猜測(cè)其含義。有些題目需要對(duì)較大的上下文范圍進(jìn)行理解,甚至通過理解整個(gè)語篇才能進(jìn)行猜測(cè)判斷。 (四)常用的回答形式有:相近含義、相同詞性的單詞;完整、直
23、白、簡(jiǎn)短的句子。,1.根據(jù)上下文語境理解句子含義 例1(2017天津夏) 2One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I nee
24、ded discipline. 57.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?(no more than 5 words),答案I got/was criticised/scolded.根據(jù)前面的“thinking I would defi-nitely be criticised”和“As expected”以及后面“why I needed disci-pline”的暗示可知答案。,答案I could read and write.作者剛學(xué)攀巖時(shí)很害怕,經(jīng)過不斷的練習(xí),他開始變得擅長(zhǎng)它。同樣,由于自身缺陷,他一開始回避讀寫,通過每
25、天練習(xí),他最終學(xué)會(huì)了讀寫。,2.根據(jù)釋義猜測(cè)詞義 借助畫線詞后面破折號(hào)所給出的解釋、同位語、定語從句等來確定詞義。構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)和小括號(hào)等連接;定語從句在文中起著解釋和說明的作用。 如果生詞在文中直接被句子或段落解釋,理解句子或段落本身就能推斷出詞義。,例(2014天津) 4The job was strenuousshe could get to the end of a page,make a mis-take on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of year
26、s,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校對(duì))at the CNIBs word facto-ry. 58.What does the underlined word “strenuous”most probably mean?(1 word),答案Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough.畫線詞后面的句子是對(duì)該詞的解釋,即她快譯完一頁時(shí),若在最后一行出錯(cuò),她還得從頭開始。由此可推測(cè)strenuous意為“
27、艱難的”。,3.根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 在一個(gè)句子或段落中,有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)兩種事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比(unlike, not.but., however, despite, in spite of, in contrast和while等)或類比(similarly, like, also, as well等)性的描述,我們可以根據(jù)畫線詞的反義詞或同義詞來猜測(cè)其意義;在句子或段落中,若兩種事物或現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系、替代關(guān)系等,我們可以根據(jù)這些邏輯關(guān)系推知畫線詞的詞義。,例 1Born in 1949,Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sp
28、ort and was a Florida State High School swimming champion.Like many young athletes,she had Olympic dreams,but a serious illness kept her from peting in the Games.The disappointment didnt stop her from going forward.Instead,she became interested in marathon swimming.A brilliant athlete,she was well-c
29、onditioned for spending long periods of time in the water.As a long-distance swimmer,she would pete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion. 57.What does the underlined word “obstacles”mean?(1 word),答案Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges.根據(jù)該詞后的“prese
30、nted by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion”可知,obstacles可由很多不利條件引起,故應(yīng)表示“困難”、“問題”、“挑戰(zhàn)”等。,五、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度表達(dá)題 1.題目要求:要求考生立足于語篇信息,陳述個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 2.設(shè)問形式: Whats your attitude towards.? What would you do if you were.? Which.do you think is the best one? Which.is the most important one? What do you think of.?Why?,Do yo
31、u agree.?Why? In your opinion, why is curiosity important? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were.? In your opinion, why is.?Please explain. What do you think of.?Give your reasons. 3.答題技巧:此題屬于開放性試題。主要考查考生的思維、創(chuàng)新、分析以及表達(dá)能力。 考生答題時(shí)首先要把握語篇中作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,然后合理表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)
32、。,此題有很強(qiáng)的主觀性,要求考生答題時(shí)言之有理、符合邏輯、前后一 致、觀點(diǎn)明確(盡量與作者觀點(diǎn)保持一致);語言要準(zhǔn)確連貫,表達(dá)規(guī)范;忌表意不清、條理不明。 4.常用的回答形式有: Yes. Because I think.; I like.best. Because.; I think he/she/it is(very)+adj.+because.; I would like to.,because.,解答此類題要求考生不僅能夠從每小段找出能回答問題的關(guān)鍵句,而且能夠圍繞著作者的觀點(diǎn)和文章的主題去找出能說明自己觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵句,還要能夠答出文章沒有給出的方法或建議。 如:If you take
33、part in the program, which project are you interested in? Give your reasons. 回答: Im interested in.because.,例1(2018天津春) 1For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than that. . 4Every job has its share of frustrations and challenges;to do well you must learn t
34、o deal with them. Ive learned this from my own experience, and it has helped me in other aspects of my life as well. 60.What job would you like to do?How can you help people in your work?(no more than 20 words),答案Id like to be a teacher. I can help children acquire knowledge and grow up. Or:Id like
35、to be a doctor so that I can improve peoples health and save their lives. Or:Id like to be a policeman. I can protect people from danger and create a safe living environment.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度表達(dá)題。結(jié)合文章中作者的經(jīng)歷及感受,設(shè)想自己想做的工作及能為他人做些什么?；卮鹬灰灾欣砑纯伞?例2(2017天津夏) 1In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He ma
36、de sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “I hate you!”Dad would yell back, “Good!I dont care!”Deep down I knew he did. .,5Now I get to work with Dad a lot, whic
37、h I love. We are both passionate about acting, which es from us being so interested in people. If it werent for Dad, I wouldnt be where I am today. Hes my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way. 60.What do you think of Alices father?Please explain.(no more than 20 words),答案He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble. Or:He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in trou-ble, he is there for her.可結(jié)合文中體現(xiàn)父親品質(zhì)的細(xì)節(jié)來表達(dá)。,
（5年高考3年模擬A版）天津市2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 專題十五 閱讀表達(dá)課件.ppt
