《動詞和動詞短語》PPT課件.ppt

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1、1/85,第七節(jié),動詞和動詞短語,2/85,3/85,實(shí)義動詞又稱行為動詞, 是具有實(shí)實(shí)在在意義能單獨(dú)作謂語的動詞。 實(shí)義動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。 及物動詞后需帶賓語意義才完整, 如：buy, catch, invent, like, say等。 不及物動詞后不需或不能接賓語, 如：live, agree, look, listen, come, rise等。,4/85,3,一、動詞的類別,指出下列句子的動詞分別屬哪一類？ 1. He lives in the city of Changsha. 2. He enjoys singing very much. 3. This meetin

2、g seems very important for us. 4. Its getting colder and colder. I want to get a coat. 5. I have never watched such a wonderful match. 6. Yesterday we had a very important meeting. 7. Must I stay here till he comes back? 8. Would you like another cup of tea?,5/85,3,一、動詞的類別,系動詞有一定的詞義, 但不完整, 必須和作表語的形容

3、詞、名詞、介詞短語、副詞及非謂語動詞一起連用。如以上3、4小題。 系動詞分為兩類： 一類表示狀態(tài)或存在, 如：be, remain, seem, appear, keep, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, stay, lie, stand, sit等。 另一類表示狀態(tài)變化, 如：go, come, turn, get, become, fall等。,6/85,3,一、動詞的類別,顧名思義助動詞是用來幫助動詞表現(xiàn)語法現(xiàn)象, 如：否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等。 如一般現(xiàn)在時的助動詞是do, does; 一般過去時為did。,7/85,3,二、動詞短語,8

4、/85,3,二、動詞短語,(1) 向上(toward or into a higher position) lift / hold / put up 舉起 pick up 撿起 grow up 長大 send up 使上升 rise up 升起 look up 抬起頭 take up 拿起, 開始從事 build up 樹立 set up 建立,1. up,9/85,3,二、動詞短語,(2) 完成, 結(jié)束(expressing completeness and finality) finish up 完成 drink up 喝干 eat up 吃光 burn up 燒光 use up 用光 f

5、ill up 裝滿 sum up 總結(jié) dry up 枯竭, 干涸 swallow up 吞沒 beat up 痛打 break up 結(jié)束, 分解,1. up,10/85,3,二、動詞短語,(3) 分開, 消滅(expressing separation and destroy) break up 拆開, 驅(qū)散 cut up 切碎 split up 分裂 divide up 分割 smash up 搗毀 blow up 炸毀 tear up 撕碎 give up 放棄,1. up,11/85,3,二、動詞短語,(4) 增加, 變強(qiáng)(to a state of greater activity

6、, force, strength, power and degree) turn up 調(diào)高, 開大, 出現(xiàn) shake up 震驚 warm up 興奮, 熱身 speak up 大聲說 heat up 變熱 speed up 加速 build up 增大, 增進(jìn) cheer up 振作起來,1. up,12/85,3,二、動詞短語,(5) 變好, 改善(as to be better and proper) bring up 撫育 check up 核對 clear up 清理, 天晴 clean / tidy up 整理 do up 整理 polish up 擦亮, 改進(jìn) light

7、up 點(diǎn)亮 make up 化妝, 和解, 彌補(bǔ),1. up,13/85,3,二、動詞短語,(6) 關(guān)住, 鎖緊, 固定住(firmly, tightly and closely) shut / lock / chain 關(guān)閉(鎖住) fasten up 系住 keep up 堅(jiān)持 block up 堵塞 choke up 堵塞 save / store up 存起來 hold up 延誤,1. up,14/85,3,二、動詞短語,(7) 向說話人的方向(to the place where the speaker is) go up, run up, rush up, walk up, ma

8、rch up, come up, drive up, swim up 走(跑、沖、開車)上前來,1. up,15/85,3,二、動詞短語,(1) 向下的位置(to or into a lower position) cut down砍倒 hand down 傳下來 knock down 撞倒 lay down 放下 pull down 拉下 blow down 吹倒 bring down 打倒,2. down,16/85,3,二、動詞短語,(2) 減少(強(qiáng)度, 量和體積) (a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk) die down 變?nèi)? 逐漸停止 hol

9、d down 壓低 burn down (火)減弱, 燒壞 / 掉 slow down 慢下來 bring down 降低,2. down,17/85,3,二、動詞短語,(3) 停止, 減弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power) close down 關(guān)閉 break down 壞了, 崩潰 settle down 平靜下來 cool down 冷靜下來 turn down 拒絕 die down 停止, 漸漸消失 lay sb. down 使失望 put down 鎮(zhèn)壓,2. down,18/85,3,二、動詞短語,(

10、4) 寫下, 記下(on paper or in writing) write / put / copy / note / take down 記下,2. down,19/85,3,二、動詞短語,(1) 繼續(xù)(continuously) carry on drive on fight on hold on keep on live on sing on walk on go on hurry on move on read on,3. on,20/85,3,二、動詞短語,(2) 連上, 固定住(in or into a state of being connected) act on 對起作用

11、 come on 跟隨 fasten on 糾纏, 抓牢 turn switch / on 打開 put on 穿上 hang on 不掛斷 depend / rely / count on 依靠 take on 呈現(xiàn)(take on a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌),3. on,21/85,3,二、動詞短語,(3) 開始某活動 (in or into an active operation) bring on 引起 look on 旁觀, 觀看 call on 拜訪 plan on 打算 decide on 對作出決定 reflect on 思考, 反思 remark on 評論, 議論,3

12、. on,22/85,3,二、動詞短語,(1) 離開(indicating departure) blow off 吹掉 drive off 擊退 see off 送行 send off 送行, 解雇 call off 叫走, 取消 take off 起飛, 脫衣 carry off 奪走 knock off 擊倒, 敲掉,4. off,23/85,3,二、動詞短語,(2) 去掉, 斷開(indicating removal or disconnection) cut off 切斷 tear off 扯掉 shut / switch / turn off 關(guān)掉 wear off 磨損 go o

13、ff 爆炸 break off 中斷,4. off,24/85,3,二、動詞短語,(3) 完成, 停止(indicating completion) finish off 結(jié)束 pay off 付清 wear off 消失, 逐漸減弱 write off 注銷, 購銷 lay off 停止, 解雇,4. off,25/85,3,二、動詞短語,(1) 進(jìn)入, 向里(into, inside, indoors) break in 闖入, 插嘴 drop in 偶然拜訪 get in 插入, 收進(jìn) lead in 導(dǎo)入 let in 進(jìn)入, 嵌入 draw / pull in (火車)進(jìn)站 invo

14、lve in 卷入,5. in,26/85,3,二、動詞短語,(2) 包圍, 關(guān)閉(to be surrounded, or enclosed) close in 包圍, 封閉 lock in 禁閉 shut in 關(guān)進(jìn) wall in 圍住,5. in,27/85,3,二、動詞短語,(3) 加入, 記入(to be added, or included) book in 登記 check in 簽到 count in 記入 fill in 填入 hand in 交上 take in 吸收 send in 呈交,5. in,28/85,3,二、動詞短語,(1) 向外 (away from th

15、e inside, outside) keep out 使在外 take / bring out 拿出 put out 放出, 伸出 come out 長出 lay out 擺開, 展示 stick out 伸出 dine out 外出吃飯 let out 放出, 釋放,6. out,29/85,3,二、動詞短語,(2) 結(jié)束, 消失, 取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist) burn out 燒盡, 燒斷 put out 撲滅 run out 用完 give out 耗盡 wipe out 消滅 die out 滅絕 carr

16、y out 完成, 執(zhí)行 leave out 省去 go out 熄滅 cut / cross out 刪去, 停止 old out 堅(jiān)持到底 sell out 賣完 tire / wear out 筋疲力盡,6. out,30/85,3,二、動詞短語,(3) 大聲 (in a loud voice, aloud) sing out cry out shout out call out speak out scream out read out yell out burst out 喊, 申斥,6. out,31/85,3,二、動詞短語,(4) 分發(fā), 傳開 (to a number of p

17、eople or in all directions) give / hand out 分發(fā) spread out 傳開 start / set out 出發(fā) break out 爆發(fā) drop out 離開, 退出,6. out,32/85,3,二、動詞短語,(5) 搞清, 弄明白 (in or into notice and clearness) find out 找出 figure out 算出, 解決 make out 弄清 count out 點(diǎn)清 come out 出版, 出現(xiàn) bring out 發(fā)表, 說出 fill out 使完全, 添滿,6. out,33/85,3,二、動

18、詞短語,(1) 翻過來 (downwards from an upright position) knock over 撞倒 turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn) fall over 臉朝下跌倒 bend over 俯身,7. over,34/85,3,二、動詞短語,(2) 自始至終, 通過, 重復(fù) (from beginning to end, through, again and again) look over 調(diào)查, 檢查 think over 考慮 see over 查看 talk over 商量 read over 讀一遍 go over 復(fù)習(xí),7. over,35/85,3,二、動詞短語,(

19、3) 向上, 向外 (indicating motion upwards or outwards) run over 溢出 spill over 溢出 boil over 因沸騰溢出,7. over,36/85,3,二、動詞短語,(4) 越過, 經(jīng)過 (from one side to the other, across a space or distance) jump over 跳過 climb over 爬過 come over 過來 go over 過來 swim over 游過 walk over 走過 move over 移過 fly over飛過,7. over,37/85,3,

20、二、動詞短語,(5) 轉(zhuǎn)變, 改變 (indicating transference and change) hand over 移交 take over 接管 get over 戰(zhàn)勝, 克服 gain / win over 爭取過來 switch over 轉(zhuǎn)交,7. over,38/85,3,二、動詞短語,(6) 由于 (because of) cry over 因哭 laugh over 因笑,7. over,39/85,3,二、動詞短語,(1) 離開 (to a distance, to another place) take away 拿走 carry away 運(yùn)走 break a

21、way 逃脫 pass away 消失, 逝世 (2) 減少, 減弱 (indicating loss, lessening, weakening) burn away 燒盡 brush away 刷掉 die away 消失 melt away 融化,8. away,40/85,3,二、動詞短語,(3) 分開 (indicating separation, apart) cut away 切掉 give away 贈送 put away 拋棄, 收好,8. away,41/85,42/85,1. hold on to 抓住, 握住; 不放棄, 保留 Hold on to the hat on

22、 a windy day. (抓住) You shouldnt hold on to your share. (不放棄) 2. put away 收起來, 放在慣常保存之處; 儲蓄, 積累; 放棄; 監(jiān)禁 Please put your books / toys away. (收起來) We should put away money for our old age. (積累) He had to put away all ideas of becoming a pianist. (放棄) He was acting so strangely that he had to be put awa

23、y. (監(jiān)禁),43/85,3. pick up 撿起; 通過; 掌握一門技術(shù)、語言等; 身體的康復(fù); 搭載; 收拾, 整理 Pick up your hat and parcels. (撿起) I picked up these songs from my sister when I was a child. (學(xué)到) You will pick up soon when you get to the seaside. (康復(fù)) He stopped his car to pick up a young girl who was hitch-hiking across Europe. (搭載

24、) The room must be picked up before my mother arrives. (收拾),44/85,4. call for 邀約, 拿取; 需要, 要求; 為爭取而叫喊 Ill call for you at 6:00. (接) You must take such steps as seem to be called for. (要求) This job calls for patience. (需要) 5. turn out 生產(chǎn);出產(chǎn);結(jié)果(常與to, that連用) We are to turn out 100,000 computers next ye

25、ar to meet the market requirements. (生產(chǎn)) Things turned out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. (結(jié)果),45/85,6. get along 過活, 生活; 進(jìn)展; 相處 I cant get along without money. (生活) How is he getting along with his French study? (進(jìn)展) He gets along very well with his boss. (相處) e up 長出地面; (被)提出; 社會地位的高

26、升, 出頭; 符合, 達(dá)到 The seeds havent come up yet. (長出地面) He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. (想出) He came up by the hard way. (出頭) The rules come up to standard. (符合),46/85,8. keep up 跟上, 不落后; 保持聯(lián)系; 振作, 不低落; 遵循,沿襲; 維護(hù) You must make great efforts to keep up with your classmates.

27、 (跟上) Try to keep up with the old friends far away. (保持聯(lián)系)Keep up your spirits. (振作) People in the west of China want to keep up the old customs. (沿襲) How much does it cost to keep up your large house and garden? (維護(hù)),47/85,9. give out 分發(fā); 用盡, 耗盡; 公布(消息) Give out the books. (分發(fā)) Our food supplies be

28、gan to give out. (用盡) The horse gave out. (耗盡) It was given out that Mary would be the leading actress. (公布),48/85,10. go off 發(fā)射, 響起; 停止運(yùn)行, 中斷; 變壞; 進(jìn)展 The alarm went off when the thief got in. (響) The heating goes off at night. (停止運(yùn)行) The light went off. (停止) Her voice is going off. (變壞) We were tol

29、d that the performance had gone off splendidly.(進(jìn)展),49/85,11. bring up 撫養(yǎng), 養(yǎng)育; 接受教育; 嘔吐出來; 提出來 His parents died when he was a baby and he was brought up by his aunt. (撫養(yǎng)) He was brought up to respect authorities. (接受教育) He felt sick and brought up lunch. (嘔吐) There are questions that you can bring u

30、p at the meeting. (提出來),50/85,12. put up 升起, 舉起; 建立或設(shè)立; 提高或增加; 提出; 安排食宿 Many tall buildings have been put up in my hometown. (建立) My landlords threatening to put up the rent by 50 yuan a month. (增加) He put up a proposal at the meeting yesterday. (提出) They put up at an inn for the night. (住宿),51/85,1

31、3. make out 設(shè)法應(yīng)付; 了解, 理解; 聲稱 How did he make out while his wife was away? (設(shè)法應(yīng)付What a strange person she is! I cant make her out at all. (了解) He made out that he had been robbed. (聲稱) 14. turn off 截?cái)? 關(guān)掉; 離開某條路而走另一條路；使厭煩, 不喜歡對方 turn off the light / gas / oven / tap We turned off into a narrow street

32、. (拐入) It really turned me off to see you biting your nails. (使厭煩),52/85,15. set off 動身; 引起; 使爆炸; 襯托 They set off for the first bus early this morning. (動身) The old photos sets off my homesick. (引起) The burning cigarette set off an explosion. (使爆炸) The smart sunglasses set off my face very much. (襯托

33、),53/85,16.get through 接通; 通過(考試); 看完; 花光 The operator finally got me through. (接通) If you had worked hard, you would have got through the exam. (通過) I got through the book in three hours. (看完) They got through a million dollars in less than five years. (花光),54/85,17. go through 瀏覽; (議案, 法律) 被通過; 經(jīng)歷

34、; 仔細(xì)檢查 I went through the book and found nothing new.(瀏覽) The new law didnt go through. (通過) I admire the way she keeps up high spirits after all she has gone through. (經(jīng)歷) Lets go through your pocket again! (仔細(xì)檢查),55/85,18. clear up 解釋, 解答; 收拾, 整理; (天氣)轉(zhuǎn)晴 The police hasnt cleared up the murder case

35、 yet. (解釋) Dont expect me to clear up for you all the time. (收拾) I hope the weather will clear up before Friday. (轉(zhuǎn)晴),56/85,Shops should remain open till later in the evening. _ After the big fire, almost nothing remained. _ The book proves to be very useful to me. _ He proved his courage in the tim

36、e of danger. _,商店應(yīng)該一直營業(yè)到深夜。(系動詞),大火后, 幾乎沒剩下任何東西。(實(shí)義動詞),這本書證明對我十分有用。(系動詞),在危急關(guān)頭他證明了他的勇氣。(實(shí)義動詞),57/85,Your idea sounds a good one. _ You must sound the fire alarm once you find a fire. _ Your hands feel cold. _ The doctor felt my pulse. _ I felt angry to hear the news. _,你的主意聽起來不錯。(系動詞),一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)火情, 你一定要拉響

37、警報(bào)。(實(shí)義動詞),你的手摸起來冰涼。(系動詞),醫(yī)生把了我的脈。(實(shí)義動詞),聽到這個消息我感到很憤怒。 (實(shí)義動詞),58/85,The milk tastes too sweet._ If you want to know the taste of the pear, you should taste one for yourself. _ Rice is grown in the south while wheat is grown in the north._ The trees planted on the hill five years ago are now growing s

38、trong and tall. _,這牛奶嘗起來太甜了。(系動詞),這如果你想知道梨子的味道, 你得親口嘗一嘗。(實(shí)義動詞),南方種水稻而北方種小麥。 (實(shí)義動詞),五年前栽在山上的樹現(xiàn)在長得又高又壯。(系動詞),59/85,It is getting darker and we have to get there before 8:30. _ She turned red when I turned round to look at her. _,天漸漸黑了(系動詞)，我們必須8：30到達(dá)那兒。(實(shí)義動詞),當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)身（實(shí)義動詞）看她時她臉紅了(系動詞) 。,60/85,I can hardl

39、y _ the difference between the two words. What did you _ just now? I didnt catch it. Would you _ slowly? I cant follow you. What are you _ about? Dont always_behind others backs. He _ at the meeting yesterday and_one whole hour, but Im sorry _tohe_nothing. I dont know much about the restaurant, but

40、its _ to be quite a good one.,speak , say , tell , talk,tell,say,speak,talking,talk,spoke,talked,say,said,said,5. 他昨天在會上發(fā)了言并且講了整整一個小時, 但我遺憾地說 他沒講什么(有用的東西)。say 強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容。,61/85,I _ you will write me back soon. How I _ I had studied hard at school! Ive finally got the job I _ . But the job is far more c

41、hallenging than I _ . Dont _ too much of me. I cant live up with your expectations. We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.,wish , hope , expect , desire,hope,wish,desired,expected,expect,wish,10.expect much of sb. 對某人寄予很大希望。,62/85,I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that I could have

42、a word with him. He did the job one third the time it _ me. _ more time on your study, young man! Its a shame to waste time playing games. Hell never forget the accident which _ him two fingers.,spend , spare , take , afford , cost , pay,spare,took,Spend,cost,13. 他做那工作只用了我所花的時間的三分之一。,15. cost sb. st

43、h. 令 / 使某人失去某物如生命、健康等。,63/85,You should _ me if you want me to carry the luggage for you. As director of the company, I can t _ three weeks away from work.,spend , spare , take , afford , cost , pay,pay,afford,64/85,Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away. Taking a careful

44、 aim at the big fish, the fisherman _ the harpoon go and it hit the spot. If time _ , Ill go to the airport to see you off. Youre the leader. Its up to you to _ your group members working. You asked Tom to tidy up the office. But he _ it done.,Have , let , get , allow , permit,allow,let,permits,get,

45、had,21. get sb. doing讓某人干起來。,22. have sth. done 使某事讓別人完成。,65/85,I can _you to the railway station in my car. The young man asked to be_to work in the West. Sorry. I forgot to_my essay. Ill_it right away. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd better_them for her.,Send , fetch , bring , take

46、 , carry,take,sent,bring,fetch,carry,66/85,I_ my key in the office and Ill have to fetch it. _yourself and think of someone else for a change. Lets get back to work. Theres still much work _for us to do. 30.Whether their marriage will last long or not_to be seen.,Forget, leave, remain,left,Forget,le

47、ft(remaining),remains,67/85,Do you know the girl_a red coat? Its getting cold. Youd better_your overcoat. You must have been in a hurry, for youre_your sweater inside out. You cant go out. Look! You_your slippers.,dress in, have on, wear, put on,dressed in(wearing),put on,wearing,have on,68/85,The s

48、hop assistant_Mary buy the blue skirt. He is so determined that no one can_him to change his mind. The doctor_my father to eat less and do more exercise.,Suggest, advice, persuade,suggests(suggested),persuade,advised,69/85,The students in our schoolto wear school uniforms. Ihim to help me, but he re

49、fused. The policemenhis name and address. I dont think you can memorize what I teach you in class, so youto take notes.,need, demand, require, request,are required,requested,demanded,need,70/85,The folk song concert was so wellthat all the tickets had been sold out on the first day. His teaching met

50、hod isas a creative and effective one. I onlyreasonable advice.,receive, accept, recognize,received,recognized,accept,42. be well received意為“很受歡迎”。,43. recognizeas公認(rèn)是,71/85,In late autumn leaves_yellow. The poor boy_blind at the age of three. Ten years have passed. The village is_into a town. As it

51、was_darker, I was getting more anxious. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have_twenty-one already!,turn, grow,get, go,turn,went,growing,getting,turned,46.當(dāng)表示永久性的或難以扭轉(zhuǎn)的變化時, 常用系動詞go。,72/85,The college is planning to offer more English courses to_the needs of beginners of English. 100 dollars a month can h

52、ardly_the cost of life in such a big city. Nothing can_her. She is always complaining.,meet, satisfy, cover,meet,cover,satisfy,50. meet 在這里是“滿足, 符合”的意思。,51. cover 足數(shù); 負(fù)擔(dān)支付。 再如：These expenses are covered by the state. 這些費(fèi)用都由國家負(fù)擔(dān)。,73/85,It still_to think of the harm he did me twenty years ago. Getting

53、 up early wont _you! There were two people_in the car accident. During the fierce battle, quite a few soldiers got badly_.,hurt, harm, injure, wound,hurts,harm,injured,wounded,74/85,HIV_peoples immune system so much eventually that their bodies can no longer fight diseases. In order to escape being

54、punished, he_all the evidence. Hes got his car_in the accident and it is being repaired. She poured water all over my painting, and_it.,destroy,damage, ruin,damages,destroyed,damaged,ruined,75/85, How about eight oclock outside the cinema? That_me fine. Being unable to_to the life in the foreign cou

55、ntry, shes come back. The trousers dont_him, because they are too small.,suit, fit, adapt,suits,adapt,fit,76/85, Will another fifty be enough? Just twenty will_. Your idea wont_in practice. The doctor says a few days rest in a quiet place will_you a lot of good. Good news! Your treatment gets to_on

56、his disease.,work, do,do,work,do,work,64. do 在這里的意思是“行, 可以, 起作用”。又如：“What do you want for your birthday?” “Anything will do.”,65.(計(jì)劃、機(jī)器等)行得通, 能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。,67. 藥慢慢起作用了。,77/85,Do you mind if I_(carry)with my work while you are getting tea ready? We want our children to know that hard work_(pay). The good serv

57、ice at the hotel_(make) the poor food to some degree. It takes a long time to_(build) a good fame, but this name is quickly lost just one crime or piece of bad behavior.,carry on,pays off,made up for,build up,carry on with sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。,回報(bào)”,彌補(bǔ),本句的意思是“賓館優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了不好的飯菜”。,“樹立, 逐步建立” 其賓語可以是表示榮譽(yù)、名望

58、等的名詞。,78/85,Im putting on weight. The doctor has warned me to_(keep) sugar. These teenagers dont know much of the world yet; thats why they were so easily_(take). We have a lot of work to_(get), so lets start right now. This test is obvious bad enough because it_(lead) incorrect learning.,keep off,t

59、aken in,get through,leads to,讓開，不接近,欺騙,導(dǎo)致,79/85,As we grow older, birthdays seem to_(come) more quickly than when we were children. Its the present situation in poor areas that_(call) much higher spending on education and training. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has_(give)

60、? This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can_(pick) my father.,come around,calls for,given out,pick up,再次來到,需要,give out = be used up,辨認(rèn), 識別出,80/85,I was just talking to Margot when Jackso_(cut). His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has_(bring) many good changes in their lives. Kathy_(pick) a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you_(have) yesterday?,had on,cut in,brought about,picked up,穿(表狀態(tài)),插話,帶來(變化等),無意中學(xué)到,81/85,If you had