獨(dú)立主格 倒裝句

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1、獨(dú)立主格、倒裝句 一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容 專題復(fù)習(xí)——獨(dú)立主格、倒裝句 二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 2. 復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí)：倒裝句 三. 教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn) 掌握獨(dú)立主格的兩種情況 四. 具體內(nèi)容 ? 獨(dú)立主格 （一）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞 名詞（代詞）+形容詞 名詞（代詞）+副詞 名詞（代詞）+不定式 名詞（代詞）+介詞短語構(gòu)成　 （二）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)： 1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 2. 名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。 3.

2、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開。 舉例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 W

3、eather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　 如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.　 會(huì)議結(jié)束后，每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。 He came out of the library, a large book unde

4、r his arm. 他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館。 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格 表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 with +名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞/ 過去分詞/ 形容詞/ 副詞/ 不定式/ 介詞短語 舉例： He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised. 注意： （1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題： 當(dāng)介詞是in 時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制 A robb

5、er burst into the room, knife in hand.　 （2）當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，不及物動(dòng)詞用過去分詞。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 如果不會(huì)判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, we’ll go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語動(dòng)詞改為非謂語動(dòng)詞即可。 倒裝句 1. 倒裝句之全部倒裝 全部倒裝是只將句子

6、中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有： （1）here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. （2）表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒裝的句型

7、結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝?！? Here he comes.　　 Away they went. 2. 倒裝句之部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語 沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do，does或 did，并將其置于主語之前。 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere

8、 will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 當(dāng)not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 3. 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝 如： not only... but als

9、o, hardly / scarcely... when, no sooner ... than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 注意：只有當(dāng)not only... but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的n

10、ot only... but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Not only you but also I am fond of music . 4. so , neither , nor作部分倒裝 表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒裝?！　　? Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won’t go, neither will I. 注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I d

11、id. —It’s raining hard.　　　—So it is. 5. only在句首要倒裝的情況 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 6. as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀

12、語提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。 注意： （1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 （2）句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意： 讓步狀語從句中，有 though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。 7. 其他部分倒裝 （1）so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。 So frightened was he

13、 that he did not dare to move an inch. （2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy. （3）在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。 Were I you, I would try it again. 【典型例題分析】 1. Why can’t I smoke here? At no time in the meeting-room. A. is smoking permitted　　

14、 B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted　 D. does smoking permit 答案：A 這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2. Not until the early years of the 19th century

15、 what heat is. A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didn’t man know　 D. did man know 答案：D　 看到not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個(gè)。 改寫為正常語序?yàn)椋琈an did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將 not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否則意思就變了。 3. No sooner than it began to rain heavily. A. the

16、 game began 　　　　　 B. has the game begun C. did the game begin　　　 D. had the game begun 答案：D 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句（謂語前置）。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but（also）, no sooner…than。 4. —Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ??—I don’t know, ____

17、_. A. nor don’t I care　　B. nor do I care　　C. I don’t care neither　　D. I don’t care also 答案：B nor為增補(bǔ)意思“也不關(guān)心”，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用 don’t，再次否定，C neither 用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。 5. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.　 A. didn’t I realize　　B. did I realize　　C. I didn’t realize　 D. I reali

18、ze 答案：B 6. Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don’t know, ____ . A. nor don’t I care　 B. nor do I care　 C. I don’t care neither　 D. I don’t care also 解析：答案為B。句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“也不”。由 so，neither，nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中，so用于肯定句，而 neither，nor 用在否定句中。 7. The murder was brought in, with his

19、hands behind his back . A. being tied　 B. having tied　　C. to be tied　　D. tied　　 答案：D with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞“手”與分詞“綁”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞，選D?！　? 【模擬試題】 1.????— Let me tell you something about the journalists. —Don’t you remember _____ me the story yesterday. A.

20、 told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 2.????I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 3.?? No matter what you do, you should put your _____ into it. A. mind B. heart C. brain

21、D. thought 4.???The party last night was ____ success. We sang and danced until it came to _____ end of twelve. A. a ; an B. a ; the C. the ; an D. / ; an 5. —Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the No. 1 High School? ?— ______. A.??I know it. It’s a key school B.???Sorry

22、, I’m a stranger here. Please ask the policeman over there C.???Yes, take a bus D.??? Why do you want to go there 6. After working in working in the company for 10 years, he returned to the small town _____he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 7.????_____ blood i

23、f you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 8.?? Take it easy. We will do _____ we can _____ your son’s life. A. all ; to save B. what ; save C. all what ; saved D. that ; saving 9.???Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster __

24、___ he had done the day before. A. that B. how C. where D. what 10. Money is often _____ to be the most important thing in our life, but in fact there are many other things more important than it. A. considered B. think C. taken D. used 11.?? The moon has no light of _

25、____. Its light comes from the sun. A. it B. itself C. it own D. its own 12.?? If the dictionary is yours, ______ can it be? A. what else B. who else’s C. who else D. which else’s 13.?? _____ writer, she is excellent, _____ teacher she is not very good. A. As a ; and

26、as a B. As a ; but as a C. As ; and as D. As ; but as 14.??After the train crash, the station was a _____ of panic. A. scene B. view C. sign D. sight 15.?? John and Jenny are of the same age, but John is taller ____ a head. A. than B. with C. by

27、 D. over 16.??—I don’t have any change on me. Will you pay the fare for me, please? — ______. A. That’s fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem 17.?? Let Harry play with your toys as well, honey. You must learn to _____. A. support B. care C. spare D. share

28、 18.?? The warmth of _____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____ wool used. A. the ; the B. the ; / C. / ; the D. / ; / 19.?? I’ll lend you the money only ____ you can pay ____ on time. A.??for the condition that; it off B.???on the condition that; for it C.?? o

29、n condition that; it back D.???for one condition as; it out 20.?? —Excuse me, could I use your ruler for a few minutes, please? —Sure. _____. A.?You use it by yourself B.??Help yourself C.???Take it easy D. Don’t be polite 21.?? As I know, there is _____ car in this

30、 neighbourhood. A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a 22.?? —What do you think of my English, sir? —Well, it’s getting better, but there’s still plenty of ____ for improvement. A. space B. area C. place D. room 23.?? _____ is no chance that they’ll show up

31、at the meeting. A. That B. There C. It D. This 24.?? —Should I take in English or French? —Do as you _____. We understand both. A. think B. feel C. care D. because 25.?? —Did you see Tom? He said that he would come back home for supper at 6:30 . —He seems _

32、___ with Tonny in the lake. A. to swim B. to be swimming C. to have swim D. swimming 26.?? His laziness at work made him _____ with his workmates. A. disturbed B. disliked C. unpopular D. unwelcome 27.?? Once your business becomes international, _____constantly will be part

33、of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying 28.?? She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 29.?? It was _____ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room. A. to

34、repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing 30.?? —How did you know the surprising news? —I happened _____ the event then. A. to cover B. to be covering C. covering D. to have covered 31.?? —I’ll meet you outside the cinema in an hour, OK? — _______. A. No, two

35、 hours later B. Yes, that’s a good idea C. OK, but I can manage D. No, I don’t think so 32.?? —Why are they _____ the forest? —They are _____ the murderer. A. searching for; searching B. searching; searching C. searching; in search for D. in searching; searchin

36、g for 33.?? Suddenly the small boy stopped and bent down as if to _____ something. A. set off B. pick out C. pick up D. set up 34.?? —You should have thanked her before you left. —I meant _____ , but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing

37、 D. doing so 35.?? —Why haven’t you bought any butter? —I _____ to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected 36.?? She wants to make friends with ____ shares her interest. A. whoever B. any one C. whomever D. no matter who 37. _____ David says sou

38、nds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to leave with him _____ happens. A. Whatever; no matter what B. No matter what; whatever C. No matter what; no matter what D. Whatever; however 38.?? —I’m sorry I can’t join you in the travel. ??—______. A. What a shame

39、 B. Never mind C. What not ask others D. Not at all 38. Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the ; a B. / ; a C. the ; the D. / ; the 40.?? Remember not to ____ when you enter the room. A. look u

40、p B. look round C. look into D. look through ? 41.?? —I’m from Canada . —Oh really ? I _____ you _____ from the States. A. think ; are B. am thinking ; are being C. thought ; come D. thought ; were 42.?? E-mail, as well as telephone, _____ an important part in daily com

41、munication. A. is playing B. have played C. was playing D. play 43.?? Although I told him many times, he never took any _____ of what I said. A. notice B. remark C. attention D. sight 44.?? I hear that when and where to build the new market ______ yet. A. is not decid

42、ed B. aren’t decided C. has not decided D. haven’t been decided 45.?? Every minute is made full ______ of ______ our lessons well. A. to use ; studying B. use ; studying C. use ; to study D. used ; studying 46.?? — _______. ??—It’s nothing to worry about. I ne

43、ver liked it anyway. A.???I lost my walkman this morning B.???I feel terrible. I’ve got a cold C.???I feel terrible, but I have left your tape somewhere D.???I’m sorry, but we don’t have that machine 47.?? —We’ll have an important examination tomorrow. I’m really worried. — ______. A. Never m

44、ind B. It’s no matter C. Take it easy D. That’s all right 48.?—When can I come for my pictures? ?—They _____ be ready by 12:30 . A. can B. should C. might D. need 49.?? The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone _____ get out . A. had to B. would

45、 C. was able to D. could 50. CCTV is exactly like a window on the world ____ you sit by it and fix your attention on what is going on. A. if B. as C. while D. unless [參考答案] 1—10??BCBABBBADA 11—20 DBBACDDBCB 21—30 ADBCBCDDCB 31—40 BCCBCAAABB 41—50 DABACCCBCA