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1、專題十被動語態(tài),2019 全新版,分析廣東近6年中考真題可知,被動語態(tài)是必考點之一(共12.5分),主要在單項填空中考查三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)(2015年)、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(2018年,2017年,2016年,2013年)和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(2014年);在短文填空中考查盲填(2018年,2014年)。,考點精講,易錯盤點,解題技巧,試題精練,1. 概述 英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來,只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。如:,考點精講,考點 被動語態(tài)的基礎知識【該部分內容在中考題中雖然不會直接考
2、查,但也需要了解】,Tom broke the window. 湯姆打碎了窗戶。(主動語態(tài)) The window was broken. 這扇窗戶被打碎了。(被動語態(tài)) 2. 構成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式,過去分詞形式不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也是如此。,3. 用法 在被動語態(tài)中,主語是動作的承受者,主要用于以下幾種情況: (1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 如: The building was built ten years ago. 這座建筑物是十年前建造的。 (2)沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 如: These flowers
3、 are watered every day. 這些花每天都被澆水。 (3)動作的發(fā)出者不是人。 如: Many houses were washed away by the flood. 許多房屋被洪水沖走了。,(4)需要強調或突出動作的承受者時,用“by動作執(zhí)行者”。 如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越來越多的人在說漢語。 (5)做客觀說明時,常采用被動語態(tài)句型:It is/was said/reportedthat.“據(jù)說/據(jù)報道”。如: Its reported that about three
4、 hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 據(jù)報道,在這次地震中差不多有三百人遇難。,4. 主動形式表被動意義: (1)系動詞如 look, sound, smell, taste等用主動形式表被動含義。如: The fish tastes very good. 魚肉嘗起來很好吃。 (2)一些動詞,如read, write, drive, sell, open, eat, drink等作不及物動詞且常和一些修飾語連用,表示主語的某種屬性特征,這些動詞用主動形式。如: The computer sells well. 這種電腦賣得很好。 The
5、 sweater washes easily. 這件毛衣很容易洗。,(3)在某些固定搭配中,現(xiàn)在分詞形式也可表被動意義。 be worth doing中,doing表示被動意義。如:The movie is worth watching. 這部電影值得一看。 need/require doingneed/require to be done, to be done 是不定式的被動結構。如: Your car needs washing.Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽車該洗了。,拓展在主動語態(tài)中省略“to”的動詞不定式,在被動語態(tài)中要加“to”。常見的有感官動詞
6、see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,以及使役動詞let, make, have。如:I heard the girl sing in the next room. (變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))The girl was heard to sing in the next room.,構成:主語am/is/aredone。如: My room is cleaned every day. 我的房間每天都被打掃。(肯定句) My room isnt cleaned every day. (否定句,在am/is/are后加not) Is your room cleaned every d
7、ay? (一般疑問句,把am/is/are提到句首),考點 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)(6年1考),()1. (2015廣東)Have you heard of the song Little Apple? Yes. It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. Ais playedBplays Cwas playedDplayed,A,()2. (2018東莞市六校聯(lián)考二模)Excuse me, sir. Smoking _ in the gas station. Oh, Im terribly sorry. A
8、doesnt allowBis allowed Carent allowedDisnt allowed ()3. In our daily life, WiFi_ everywhere and it is very convenient for us to surf on the Internet. Aused Buses Cwill be used Dis used,D D,構成:主語was/were done。如: John was punished by his parents yesterday. 約翰昨天被他的父母懲罰了。(肯定句) John wasnt punished by hi
9、s parents yesterday. (否定句,在was/were后加not) Was John punished by his parents yesterday? (一般疑問句,把was/were提到句首),考點 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(6年6考),()4. (2018廣東)Many shops in China _ to shut down as a new law against ivory (象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018. Aordered Bdidnt order Cwere ordered Dwerent ord
10、ered ()5. (2017廣東)The waiter told me that free parking _ for the hotel guests. Aprovides Bprovided Cwill be providedDwas provided,C D,()6. (2016廣東)He Jiang _ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. AinvitesBinvited Cis invited Dwas invited ()7. (2013廣東)It _ last
11、 week that the haze (霧霾) in Beijing caused many problems. AreportsBreported Cis reportedDwas reported,D D,()8. (2018惠州市惠城區(qū)一模)The cinema _ a few years ago. But now few people go to watch movies there. AbuildsBis built Cwas builtDbuilt ()9. (2018中山市卓雅外國語學校二模)A concert _ to raise money for the disabled
12、 last month. Ais held Bwas held Cwill hold Dmay hold,C B,構成:主語will be done; 主語 am/is/are going to be done。如: (1)These trees will be planted tomorrow. 這些樹明天將被種植。 These trees wont be planted tomorrow. (否定句,在will后加not) Will these trees be planted tomorrow? (一般疑問句,把will提到句首),考點 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(6年1考),(2)The m
13、eeting is going to be held next week. 會議將于下周召開。 The meeting isnt going to be held next week. (否定句,在am/is/are后加not) Is the meeting going to be held next week? (一般疑問句,把am/is/are提到句首),()10. (2014廣東)Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it_ some day in the future. Awill findBwo
14、nt find Cwill be found Dwont be found ()11. The international meeting _ in Hainan in a few weeks time. AholdBis held Cwill holdDwill be held,C D,()12. All food _ to students for free in our dining hall on the School Celebration Day. Great! I cant wait. AofferBwill offer Care offered Dwill be offered
15、,D,注意該結構表被動,相當于want/need/requireto be done。 ()13. The floor is dirty. It needs _. AwashingBwashed Cbe washedDbeing washed,易錯盤點,易錯點 want/need/requiredoing,A,注意make, see, watch, hear, feel等使役動詞和感官動詞。 ()14. If you see the comedy, you will _ laugh. Abe made Bbe made to Cmake to Dmake,易錯點 省略to的動詞不定式,變?yōu)楸粍?/p>
16、語態(tài)時要加to,B,做關于被動語態(tài)的相關題時,首先要確定主語是謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者還是承受者,這樣才能判斷出句子的語態(tài)。 例 (2018天津)Dr Bethune _ still _ in both China and Canada today. Ais; remembered Bis; remembering Cwill; remember Dhas; remembered,解題技巧,技巧 判斷動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者,A,方法點撥第步:先分析句意“如今在中國和加拿大,白求恩醫(yī)生仍然”。第步:根據(jù)句意和選項可知主語Dr Bethune和謂語動詞remember之間是動賓關系,故答案為A。,被動語態(tài)的
17、使用離不開時態(tài),做題時要根據(jù)句中的時間狀語或語境來分析使用哪種時態(tài)。 例(2018鹽城)A lot of new roads _ in order to develop the villages in the next five years. Abuilt Bwere built Cwill build Dwill be built,技巧 時態(tài)判斷法,D,方法點撥第步:先分析句意“為了村莊的發(fā)展,五年后很多新的道路”。第步:根據(jù)句意和選項可知主語new roads和謂語動詞build之間是動賓關系,又由in the next five years可知用一般將來時,故答案為D。,謝謝觀看,Exit,