（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題一 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第4講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件.ppt

《（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題一 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第4講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題一 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第4講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件.ppt（71頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第4講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣,專題一語(yǔ)法知識(shí),,,真題診斷,,考點(diǎn)突破,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,內(nèi)容索引,真題診斷,1.Its strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018江蘇，24) A.would B.should C.could D.mightj,解析,解析句意為：很奇怪，他竟然未經(jīng)主人同意就拿走了那些書。此處should作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故選B。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.There is a good social life in the villa

2、ge，and I wish I ________ a second chance to bee more involved.(2018江蘇，27) A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had,解析,解析句意為：在這個(gè)村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有機(jī)會(huì)更多地參與其中。I wish后接從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用did(be動(dòng)詞用were)；敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用had done；敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用would/could do。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故選A。,答案

3、,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.In todays information age，the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a pany.(2018北京，12) A.need B.should C.can D.must,解析,解析根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng)。can在此表示可能性，意為“可能，會(huì)”。need需要；should應(yīng)該；must必須，以上三者均不符合句意。句意為：在如今這個(gè)信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失可能會(huì)給一個(gè)公司帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.They might have found a

4、better hotel if they ________ a few more kilometers.(2018北京，13) A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven,解析,解析根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)形式以及語(yǔ)境可知，if條件句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)：主句謂語(yǔ)用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“had過(guò)去分詞”。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.I cant find my purse.I ________ it in th

5、e supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津，10) A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left,解析,解析句意為：我找不到我的錢包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知空格處是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)，需用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”，B、D兩項(xiàng)符合； 再根據(jù)句中的but Im not sure排除B項(xiàng)“一定落在”，故選D項(xiàng)。 若C項(xiàng)改為might have left，也是正確的。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

6、,8,6.If we ________ the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018天津，15) A.had caught B.caught C.have caught D.would catch,解析,解析句意為：如果我們昨天趕上了航班的話，我們現(xiàn)在就在海灘上享受假期了。根據(jù)前半句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知，這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用“had動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。,答案,,1,2,3,

7、4,5,6,7,8,7.Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes.Otherwise，I ________ able to reach her yesterday. (2017天津，15) A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have been C.werent D.wouldnt be,解析,解析句意為：你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎？有。不然我昨天就聯(lián)系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would have done，故選B項(xiàng)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.If it ____

8、_ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now. (2016江蘇，27) A.had not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been,解析,解析句意為：如果不是他前幾天邀請(qǐng)我，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這里了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the other day可知，這是對(duì)過(guò)去行為的虛擬，故if從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,診斷報(bào)告,解題方法 方法1意義判斷法 所謂意義判斷法就是分析語(yǔ)境并確定應(yīng)

9、填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法是做題的前提。 方法2句型判斷法 有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推測(cè)時(shí)，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句中。運(yùn)用此法就是通過(guò)分析所給句子的句型特點(diǎn)，選用具有特定句型特點(diǎn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。,方法3語(yǔ)氣判斷法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、情感或態(tài)度，所以在解答此類試題時(shí)，一定要注意說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣(這也是解題的難點(diǎn))，這就要求正確理解句子，從說(shuō)話者的角度去考慮問(wèn)題，結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否符合特定的情感需要。 方法4人稱判斷法 有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)某個(gè)意義時(shí)，要與特定的人稱連用，這為我們

10、選擇正確答案提供了方向。,方法5特定詞匯、句型提示法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用在狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句中，在不同的從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)，如if非真實(shí)條件句(分三種情形)，wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句等。所以，掌握了各類從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞形式，就基本上掌握了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。另外，某些詞、句如if it were not for/had not been for，but for...，if only...，without等，往往也要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,考點(diǎn)突破,,考點(diǎn)1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法,1.My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who ______ h

11、ave taken it? A.need B.must C.should D.could,解析,解析第二句句意為：可能是誰(shuí)把它拿走了呢？could可表示說(shuō)話者主觀猜測(cè)的“可能”，此時(shí)用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，符合題意。need需要；must一定，肯定，表猜測(cè)時(shí)通常只用于肯定句；should多指預(yù)期的事，常譯為“按道理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2.They are said to have been familiar with each other. But they ________.They were introduced only hours ago. A.may not

12、 have been B.couldnt have been C.mustnt have been D.neednt have been,解析,解析句意為：據(jù)說(shuō)他們互相之間已經(jīng)非常熟悉了。但是不可能啊。他們幾小時(shí)前才被介紹認(rèn)識(shí)的。根據(jù)句意可知這是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的否定推測(cè)，應(yīng)用couldnt have done表示“過(guò)去不可能做了某事”。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.Life is unpredictable；even the poorest ________ bee the richest. A.shall B.must C.need D.might,解析,

13、解析句意為：生活是難以預(yù)料的，甚至是最窮的人都有可能變成最富的人。might表示比較小的可能性，常用于肯定句和否定句中，符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。shall表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，或命令、允諾、威脅等強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣；must一定；need需要，均不合題意。,答案,,4.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. (2017北京，21) A.must B.should C.can D.need,解析,解析句意為：我們班最高的男孩塞繆爾能(can)輕松地夠到頂層架子上的書。此處表示能力，要用c

14、an。must必須；should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該；need需要。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5.It was really annoying；I ________ get access to the data bank you had remended. A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.neednt,解析,解析句意為：真煩人，我無(wú)權(quán)使用你推薦的資料庫(kù)。couldnt意為“不能”，符合語(yǔ)境。wouldnt不愿意；shouldnt不應(yīng)該；neednt沒(méi)必要。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6.My room is a mess，but I _______

15、_ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津，2) A.darent B.shouldnt C.neednt D.mustnt,解析,解析句意為：我的房間很亂，不過(guò)今晚在我出去之前，我沒(méi)必要(neednt)打掃它。我可以在(明天)早晨打掃。darent不敢；shouldnt不應(yīng)該；mustnt不準(zhǔn)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7.I ________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are

16、 very friendly to me. A.mightnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.couldnt,解析,解析句意為：在來(lái)到新學(xué)校前我本不必?fù)?dān)心，因?yàn)樵谛聦W(xué)校我的同班同學(xué)對(duì)我很友好。neednt have done sth. 本沒(méi)必要做某事，符合題意。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)基本用法 1.表示肯定推測(cè)時(shí)mustwillwouldought toshouldcancouldmay might。 2.表示否定推測(cè)時(shí)cant語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，意為“不可能”；may/might/could not的語(yǔ)氣較弱，意為“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推測(cè)，而表示

17、“禁止，不能”。) 3.表示推測(cè)時(shí)，must只能用在肯定句中；may和might往往用在肯定句和否定句中；can和could可用于各種句式，can用于肯定句中時(shí)，有時(shí)表示“一時(shí)的可能性或暫時(shí)的可能性”。,4.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞do”表示對(duì)目前動(dòng)作的推測(cè)；“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be doing”表示對(duì)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)；“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)。 (二)may和might的用法 1.表示許可。表示請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用mustnt，表示“不可以”“禁止”。 (1)You may drive the car. 你可以駕駛這輛車。,(2)Migh

18、t I use your pen? No，you mustnt. 我能用你的鋼筆嗎？ 不，你不能。 2.表示推測(cè)、可能(常用于肯定句中)。 He may be very busy now. 現(xiàn)在他可能很忙。 3.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！,(三)can和could的用法 1.表示能力，could 是 can 的過(guò)去式。 (1)Can you speak English? 你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎？ (2)Could you speak English then? 那時(shí)候你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎？ 2.表示請(qǐng)求允許，可用 can或 could，could語(yǔ)氣較委婉；表示給予允許

19、，一般只用 can，而不能用 could。 Could/Can I use your pen? Yes，of course you can. 我可以借用你的鋼筆嗎？ 當(dāng)然可以。,3.can表推測(cè)時(shí)，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句；有時(shí)也用于肯定句中，表示理論上的可能性，或表示“有時(shí)可能會(huì)”之意。 (1)Why does he know this? Can someone have told him about it？ 他怎么知道？會(huì)是哪個(gè)人告訴他了嗎？ (2)It can be very cold in Scotland. 蘇格蘭天氣有時(shí)會(huì)很冷的。,(四)need，dare的用法 1.need表示“

20、需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。用于疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，肯定回答要用must?！皀eednt have過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。 (1)You neednt e so early. 你不必來(lái)這么早。 (2)You neednt have waited for me. 你本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要等我的。,2.dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，過(guò)去式形式為dared。 (1)How dare you say Im unfair! 你怎么敢說(shuō)我不公平！ (2)He darent speak English before such a crowd. 他不敢在這

21、么多人面前說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 3.dare和 need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。,,考點(diǎn)2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法,1.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A.might B.must C.would D.should,解析,解析此題考查的是would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，可譯為“過(guò)去常常”。句意為：我

22、仍舊記得我快樂(lè)的童年，那時(shí)我的母親常在周末帶我去迪士尼樂(lè)園。,答案,,2.Just as we were sitting down to have dinner，the telephone________ ring. A.must B.could C.might D.need,解析,解析must在此表示說(shuō)話人的愿望或感到不耐煩，意為“偏要”。句意為：正當(dāng)我們要坐下來(lái)吃飯時(shí)，偏偏電話鈴響了。,答案,,3.It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food. A.might B.would C.should D.

23、could,解析,解析句意為：讓我難為情的是，他們自己那么窮，竟然還要給我?guī)С缘?。should可表示說(shuō)話人的驚奇、憤怒、失望等特殊情感，此處意為“竟然”，表驚訝。,答案,,4.According to the new school regulations，the students ________ be forbidden to go out beyond 1030 at night. A.must B.shall C.may D.can,解析,解析句意為：根據(jù)新的校規(guī)，晚上超過(guò)十點(diǎn)半學(xué)生禁止外出。shall表示法律條約、規(guī)章制度等規(guī)定的內(nèi)容。意為“應(yīng)該，必須”。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)wo

24、uld的用法 would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。 (1)He would e to have a chat with us when he was free. 他有空時(shí)，常會(huì)過(guò)來(lái)跟我們聊天。 (2)He used to live in a cottage near the river. 他過(guò)去常住在河邊的一座小木房里。,(二)must的用法 must用在條件句或疑問(wèn)句中，有時(shí)表示固執(zhí)堅(jiān)持，意為“一定要，非得要”。 (1)Must you make that dreadful noise? 你非要弄出這討厭的噪

25、音嗎？ (2)If you must go，take my umbrella. 如果你非要走，就帶上我的傘。,(三)shall的用法 1.shall用于主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話者(而非句子主語(yǔ))給對(duì)方的一種允諾、威脅、命令、警告等。 (1)You shall have a lot of money. 你會(huì)有很多錢的。(允諾) (2)You shall arrive there before sunset. 你們要在日落前到達(dá)那里。(命令) (3)She shall get what she deserves. 她會(huì)有報(bào)應(yīng)的。(警告),2.shall用于主語(yǔ)為第三人稱的陳述句中，表

26、示條約、規(guī)章、法令等中的義務(wù)或規(guī)定，常譯為“應(yīng)，必須”。 (1)All members shall contribute to the fund needed for carrying on such activities. 所有成員都要捐助進(jìn)行這一類活動(dòng)所需要的經(jīng)費(fèi)。 (2)Visitors shall not pick flowers. 游客不得攀折花木。,3.在下列句型中的that從句里常用should，把that從句的情景看成是可能存在的，也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)從句表達(dá)的情景表示懷疑、驚訝、憂慮、惋惜、歡喜等，翻譯時(shí)，常加上“竟然”兩字。 Im surprised/sorry/satisfied

27、/glad/afraid/anxious/worried...that... I think it important/a pity...that... I cannot imagine/believe...that... It worries me/astonishes me...that... It is proper/likely/probable/possible...that...,(1)Im surprised that he should feel lonely. 他竟然會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，真使我驚訝。 (2)It is astonishing that he should have m

28、itted the same mistake. 他竟犯了相同的錯(cuò)誤，真令人吃驚。,,考點(diǎn)3考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法,His way of addressing one hard problem last Friday ________ lead to the rise of another. A.would rather B.may well C.shall D.need,解析,解析句意為：他上周五處理一個(gè)難題的方法很有可能導(dǎo)致另一個(gè)難題的出現(xiàn)。may well do sth. 很可能做某事，為固定搭配。,答案,,考點(diǎn)歸納,1.cannot/never...too/enough...再也不

29、過(guò)分，越越好 2.cant help/choose but do...只好做 3.cant but do...不得不做 4.cant help doing...情不自禁做 5.it cant be helped實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法；無(wú)法避免 6.more than sb. can...非某人所能 7.may/might well do...很有可能做某事 8.may/might as well do...不妨做；還是做的好,,考點(diǎn)4虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1.If the new safety system ________ to use，the accident would never have happened.

30、(2017北京，34) A.had been put B.were put C.should be put D.would be put,解析,解析句意為：要是新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用了的話，這起事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，所以從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，選A項(xiàng)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2.________ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overe her difficulty.(2017江蘇，22) A.It were B.Were it C.It was D.Was it,解析,

31、解析句意為：如果沒(méi)有老師們的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用were；在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果有should，had或were時(shí)，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主語(yǔ)前，形成部分倒裝，故選B項(xiàng)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway ________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have writt

32、en,解析,解析句意為：要是沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，海明威就不會(huì)寫出他的著名小說(shuō)永別了，武器。該句使用了含有without的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由語(yǔ)境知，這里是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，因此主句謂語(yǔ)用“would/could/should/mighthave done”，故D項(xiàng)正確。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,4.It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________ nowhere to stay now. A.had B.had had C.would have D.would have had,解析,解析句意為：很幸運(yùn)我們訂了一個(gè)房間，否則我們現(xiàn)在將無(wú)處可住。or引

33、導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，根據(jù)“now”可知，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行虛擬，因此用“would動(dòng)詞原形”，故選C。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________ as well as her. A.dance B.will dance C.had danced D.danced,解析,解析句意為：埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好??！I wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be用were)；敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用could/should/w

34、ould/might do；敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，選D項(xiàng)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6.We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay,解析,解析would rather后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)

35、在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；用“had過(guò)去分詞”表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。根據(jù)后一句中的is可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，故此處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去式，故選C項(xiàng)。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ________ it? A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing,解析,解析句意為：是約翰打壞了窗戶。為什么你說(shuō)得好像是我打壞了似的？題中broke表示“打壞窗戶”發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”。as if/though后面的從句用had done表示對(duì)“

36、過(guò)去”的虛擬。故A項(xiàng)正確。,答案,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)if條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(二)if省略句 1.當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有had，should，were時(shí)，可將if省略，而將had，should，were置于句首，采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 If you had left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you left home earlier，you would have caught the bus. 如果你早點(diǎn)從家中出門，你就能趕上汽車了。 2.若省略的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

37、詞的省略形式。 Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now. 要不是考慮到花銷，我現(xiàn)在可能都出國(guó)了。,(三)含蓄條件句 用介詞(短語(yǔ))代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的介詞(短語(yǔ))有without，but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。 (1)Without your help，we could not have succeeded. 沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能取得成功。 (2)But for electricity，there would be no modern industry. 要是沒(méi)有電，就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)。 (

38、3)He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party. 他昨天太累了，否則他會(huì)參加派對(duì)的。,(四)wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中分別用過(guò)去式、過(guò)去完成式和“could/would動(dòng)詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反。 (1)I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。 (2)He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒(méi)講過(guò)那樣的話。 (3)I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨。,(五)特殊句式 wo

39、uld rather...過(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)(與過(guò)去相反) Id rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來(lái)。,(六)as if 從句 在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成式 (had done)。 (1)She looks after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像對(duì)自己的兒子一樣。 (2)She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。

40、,拓展延伸 1.當(dāng)條件句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱作“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now. 如果你以前用功學(xué)習(xí)了的話，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。,2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用 demand，suggest，order，insist等表命令、建議、要求后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest. 我們建議湯姆去休

41、息一下。 在It is necessary/important/strange that...；It is suggested/demanded/ ordered/requested that...等從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。 (1)It is important that we (should) master a foreign language. 掌握一門外語(yǔ)很重要。,(2)Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out. 人們建議執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 試比較：It is strange that he had mad

42、e a mistake.(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)：他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人感到奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣，說(shuō)話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。),3.在idea，advice，order，demand，request等表命令、建議、要求的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。 (1)My demand is that she (should) e to see me once a week. 我要求她一周來(lái)看我一次。 (2)All of us are for the advice that

43、the chemical factory (should) be closed down. 我們都支持關(guān)閉化工廠的建議。,4.Its (high/about) time that主語(yǔ)過(guò)去時(shí)/should do(should不可省略)，意為“到了某人做的時(shí)候了”。 It is high time that we went to bed/should go to bed. 到了我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候了。,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.I wish that you such a bad headache because I am sure you would have enj

44、oyed the concert then.(2018天津一中3月考) A.wouldnt have B.did not have C.hadnt had D.havent got,解析,解析句意為：我希望你沒(méi)得那場(chǎng)頭痛，因?yàn)槲蚁嘈拍銜?huì)喜歡那場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的。wish后跟賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)從句時(shí)態(tài)you would have enjoyed可以判斷是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.What does the sign over there read? “No person smoke or carry a ligh

45、ted cigarette or pipe in this restaurant.”(2017河西區(qū)二模) A.will B.shall C.need D.must,解析,解析句意為：那邊的牌子上寫著什么？“任何人不得在本餐廳吸煙或手持點(diǎn)燃的香煙或煙斗?！?shall在此處表示“規(guī)定”。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.Im afraid theres no good news for you，Tom.Shall I tell your parents or shall I just let them know nothing about the result of th

46、is exam? Id rather they know，sir.(2017河西區(qū)二模) A.dont B.wont C.didnt D.not,解析,解析句意為：恐怕你沒(méi)有什么好消息，湯姆。我是應(yīng)該告訴你的父母還是讓他們對(duì)這次考試的結(jié)果一無(wú)所知呢？我寧愿他們不知道，老師。would rather后跟從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與將來(lái)相反的愿望，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.Can I go now，sir? If you leave，do it quietly.(2017天津十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)一模) A.should B.must C.shall

47、D.may,解析,解析句意為：我現(xiàn)在可以走嗎，先生？如果你非要離開，悄悄地走。must偏要，非得。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.If I time，I would certainly go to the movies with you，but I have a lot of work to do.(2017紅橋區(qū)二模) A.had B.have C.will have D.had had,解析,解析句意為：如果我有時(shí)間的話，我肯定會(huì)和你一起去看電影，但是我有很多工作要做。對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，條件句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，故選A。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,

48、9,10,2,6. the rain stop，the crops would be saved.(2017河?xùn)|區(qū)二模) A.Will B.Would C.Should D.Had,解析,解析句意為：如果雨停了的話，莊稼將會(huì)得救。表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的假設(shè)，可用“should動(dòng)詞原形”。從句為省略if將should提前構(gòu)成的倒裝。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.What he said at the meeting made Mary rather embarrassed，so he felt that he differently.(2018南開區(qū)一模) A.mi

49、ght express B.should express C.could have expressed D.must have expressed,解析,解析could have done過(guò)去本能夠做某事實(shí)際沒(méi)做。句意為：在會(huì)上他的發(fā)言使得瑪麗非常尷尬，因此他認(rèn)為他本可以以不同的方式表達(dá)。must have done是對(duì)過(guò)去的一種肯定推測(cè)。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he more on its culture.(20

50、18紅橋區(qū)二模) A.focus B would focus C.focused D.had focused,解析,解析句意為：?jiǎn)讨螌⒄務(wù)撍膰?guó)家的地理，但我寧愿他更多地關(guān)注它的文化。would rather sb. did sth. “寧愿某人做某事”，是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的固定句型，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，如果對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬則用would rather sb. had done。根據(jù)句意判斷本句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.Im sorry. for my illness，I would have e and lent you a helping hand.(201

51、7和平區(qū)一模) A.Were it not B.If it were not C.Had it not been D.If it has not been,解析,解析句意為：我很抱歉。要不是我病了，我會(huì)來(lái)幫你一把的。從句為省略if的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，由主句中的would have e以及句意可知，這里是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，故選C。,答案,,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.The new supermarket announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day get a big prize.(2018天津一中4月考) A.must B.will C.shall D.need,解析,解析情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall常常用在二、三人稱的陳述句中表示“命令、警告、允諾”等；根據(jù)句意可知，超市承諾，第一個(gè)購(gòu)物者會(huì)獲大獎(jiǎng)。故選C。,答案,,