四川省巴中市2016高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解（3）

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1、閱讀理解（3） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (Religion and Rationality) ? ?Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in

2、the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to r

3、eflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion.

4、 Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience its

5、elf, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony

6、 between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate

7、 justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate. ? ?Nev

8、ertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for t

9、he future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of

10、which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natur

11、al death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon aven

12、ged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debau

13、ches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill. ? ?What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When

14、it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both re

15、presented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of r

16、eason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits. 1. ? ? ?As used in the passage, the author would define “wisdom” as [A]. the pursuit of rationality through imagination. . an unemotional search for the truth. [C]. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is

17、best. [D]. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness 2. ? ? ?Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? [A]. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions. . Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems. [C]. Science seeks a

18、piece meal solution to man’s questions. [D]. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same. 3. ? ? ?According to the author, science differs from religion in that [A]. it is unaware of ultimate goals. ? ?? ?? ?? ? . it is unimaginative. [C]. its findings are exact and final. ? ?? ?? ?? ? [

19、D]. it resembles society and art. 4. ? ? ?The author states that religion differs from rationality in that [A]. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning . . it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims. [C]. it has disappointed mankind. [D]. it has inspired m

20、ankind. 5. ? ? ?According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be [A]. imaginative. ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?. a provider of hope for the future. [C]. a highly intellectual activity ? ?? ?? [D]. ineffectual. Vocabulary 1. ?grace ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 恩賜，仁慈，感化，感思禱告 2. ?chide ? ?? ?? ??

21、 ?? ?? 責(zé)備 3. ?sentiment ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 情感 4. ?inviolate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?不受侵犯的，純潔的 5. ?intent ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 意義，含義 6. ?piecemeal ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 一件件，逐漸的，零碎的 7. ?bubble up ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 起泡，沸騰，興奮 8. ?veer ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 改變方向，轉(zhuǎn)向 9. ?abortive ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 夭折的，失敗的，中斷的，流產(chǎn)的。 10. ?pale ? ?? ?? ?

22、? ?? ?? ?范圍，界限 11. ?draught ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 要求 12. ?oracle ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 神諭宣誓，預(yù)言，圣言 13. ?antidote ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?解毒藥，矯正方法 14. ?correlate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?相互關(guān)系 15. ?dislocate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?使離開(kāi)原來(lái)位置，打亂正常秩序 16. ?gratuitous ? ?? ?? ?? ?? 無(wú)償?shù)模瑳](méi)有理由的。 17. ?debauch ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 使失落，放蕩 18. ?sanct

23、ion ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 支持，鼓勵(lì)，認(rèn)可 19. ?impede ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 妨礙，制止 20. ?ineptitude ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?不恰當(dāng)，無(wú)能，愚蠢 21. ?insinuate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 暗示 22. ?remould ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 重塑，重鑄 23. ?aspiration ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?抱負(fù)，壯志 24. ?arrogate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 沒(méi)來(lái)由反把……歸于（to ） 25. ?literal ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 樸實(shí)的

24、，字面的 26. ?intelligible ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?可以理解的。 27. ?conceit ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?幻想，奇想 難句譯注 1. ? ? ?Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this f

25、unction is performed in the two cases by very different organs. [參考譯文] ?可是音調(diào)和語(yǔ)言的差異必然很快的給我們深刻的印象，就象哲學(xué)所說(shuō)的那樣：那種差異應(yīng)提鄉(xiāng)我們，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的話，其功能也是通過(guò)不同的器官在兩種不同的情況下完成的。 2. ? ? ?Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us

26、 ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. [參考譯文] ?另一方面，理性知識(shí)一種原則或者是潛在的秩序，我們確實(shí)可以在此基礎(chǔ)上存在于我們心中，沒(méi)有種種變化，或任何壓力。 3. ? ? ?We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it

27、unfolds in their true nature and proportion. [參考譯文] ?不論我們是否遵循理性，它不會(huì)極力或責(zé)備我們，除了以事物的本來(lái)面目和比例揭示各種事物而自然而然的激起我們的感情，它并不需要我們付出任何感情。 4. ? ? ?Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life

28、tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. [參考譯文] ?宗教在其意義上，比社會(huì)，科學(xué)，藝術(shù)更自覺(jué)，更直接的追求“理性生活”，因?yàn)檫@些東西（社會(huì)，科學(xué)，藝術(shù)）暫時(shí)而又零星的接近和填補(bǔ)理想的生活，無(wú)視目的，也不管其本能的目標(biāo)是否最終證明正確。 5. ?one and all ? ?各個(gè)都，全部 6. ? ? ?Those within the pale of each religion may p

29、revail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is th

30、e disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. [參考譯文] ?處于宗教領(lǐng)域范圍之內(nèi)的人民也許會(huì)說(shuō)服自己對(duì)其結(jié)果表示滿意，這要感謝他們?cè)诮Y(jié)實(shí)過(guò)去和對(duì)未來(lái)希望寬宏要切上的一種偏愛(ài)?？墒侨魏窝杆訇P(guān)注宗教的人，把其成就和理性所要求的一切做一比較，必然感到這種種宗教為全人類作好的失望是實(shí)在太可怕了。 7. ? ? ?To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pur

31、suing happiness. [參考譯文] ?以無(wú)理的幻想混淆智力，弄亂正常的情感是一種短視的追求幸福的方法。 8. ? ? ?Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill. [參考譯文] ?因此，宗教常常會(huì)使它要支持的道德墮落淪喪，并妨礙它應(yīng)該執(zhí)行的科學(xué)任務(wù)。 9. ? ? ?The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religi

32、on poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. [參考譯文] ?生活的目標(biāo)和條件在宗教中詩(shī)一般的呈現(xiàn)，但這種詩(shī)意往往把宗教所并不具有的樸實(shí)真理和道德威力沒(méi)有來(lái)由的歸于宗教。 寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意 這是一篇用對(duì)比手法寫(xiě)出宗教和理性之差異并著重描述宗教的文章。有各種中焦，理性只有一個(gè)，縱然兩者在功能和目的上有不相同之處，但由于宗教以直覺(jué)，想象力，情感為主，無(wú)視目的，雖比科學(xué)，社會(huì)或藝術(shù)更自覺(jué)

33、，更直接追求理性生活，結(jié)果卻是失敗和失望，而理性則相反。 答案祥解 1. ? ? ?C. ?一種有目的而又不帶偏見(jiàn)對(duì)最佳事物的探索。答案在最后一段，這種愚蠢的秘密是什么？為什么宗教在目的上那么接近真理，在其結(jié)構(gòu)和結(jié)果上，卻沒(méi)有理性的一切？答案很簡(jiǎn)單：宗教是通過(guò)想象來(lái)追逐理性，當(dāng)它解釋事件或闡明原因時(shí)，以虛構(gòu)的想象來(lái)取代科學(xué)，當(dāng)它訓(xùn)誡，暗示理想或者重塑抱負(fù)時(shí)，以想象代替智慧——智慧的意思是指有意識(shí)而又公正的追求一切好東西。 A. 通過(guò)想象力追求理性。 ? ?B. 不帶感情的探詢真理。 ? C. 追求幸福的短視的方法。 2. ? ? ?A. ?宗教通過(guò)想象力尋求真理，而理性的探索卻運(yùn)用

34、感情。見(jiàn)難句譯注3，理性（智）是非感情的。 B. 在解決人類問(wèn)題上的宗教是一種無(wú)效的工具。 ? C. 科學(xué)尋求逐步解決對(duì)人類的問(wèn)題。 ? ?D. 哲學(xué)和理性的功能是一樣的。 3. ? ? ?A. ?宗教沒(méi)有意識(shí)（不知道）其最終目的的。見(jiàn)難句譯注4，說(shuō)明宗教不管（幾乎不關(guān)注）其目的，或不關(guān)心其本能的目標(biāo)最終真確與否。 B. 宗教沒(méi)有想象力。 ? C. 其成果是確切的，最終的。 ? D. 宗教很象科學(xué)和藝術(shù)。 4. ? ? ?D. ?它激起人類情感。第一段中說(shuō)“宗教的掙扎與不斷變化的力量似乎促使人追求某種永恒的東西，它似乎追求靈魂的最終和諧以及靈魂與靈魂所依賴的一起事物之間的永恒的和諧?！?/p>

35、 A. 宗教依賴于直覺(jué)而不是推理。第一段最后一句：宗教也有本能和盲目的一面，在各種各樣的偶然實(shí)踐和直覺(jué)中沸騰?？刹痪盟窒蚴挛飪?nèi)心摸索前進(jìn)，然而不論從哪個(gè)方向來(lái)，都轉(zhuǎn)想最終方向（最終多轉(zhuǎn)想這個(gè)方向——直覺(jué)），文章的最后一句：宗教的目的和理想的目的一樣，而其實(shí)現(xiàn)目的方法是通過(guò)直覺(jué)和無(wú)限止的詩(shī)一般的幻想來(lái)進(jìn)行的。 ? B. 它不關(guān)心其本能的目標(biāo)最終是否真確。 ?C. 它使人類很失望。 5. ? ? ?D. ?無(wú)效。第二段開(kāi)始就點(diǎn)出：我們得承認(rèn)宗教追求理性生活一直是很失敗（流產(chǎn)了）。 A. 有想象力的。 ? ?B. 為未來(lái)提供希望的。 ? C. 是一個(gè)高度的智力活動(dòng)。 閱讀下列短文,

36、 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2013·深圳市二模，D) Since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals rec

37、eive more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系統(tǒng)) and heart diseases. Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe. So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.

38、 Smog is especially a common concern. As a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or profession. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe th

39、e same air as everyone else. At a meeting on Monday, many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside

40、of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life，” he said. China needs to develop its economy and invest (投資) in hightech. Every Chinese has a dream to make China stronger. But without

41、 blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can move to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth. What the public wants is a strong an

42、d beautiful China. The great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government's determination to address the environment issue. 文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。今年北京的霧霾天氣引起了許多人對(duì)環(huán)保重要性的重視，我們不能只關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)而忽視了我們賴以生存的環(huán)境，因?yàn)榘l(fā)展是為了生活得更好。 16．The effect of

43、smog doesn't include ________. A．the rising of PM2. 5 readings B．more people suffering diseases C．the increase of people's income D．patients increased in hospital 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“The rising PM2.5... more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系統(tǒng)) and heart dise

44、ases.”可知，霧霾導(dǎo)致PM2.5值升高，許多人因呼吸疾病、心臟病突發(fā)而住院。故答案選C。 17．Why has smog become a common concern? A．Because people have to pay higher prices. B．Because nobody can avoid it. C．Because we have to develop industry. D．Because a popular onlinepost discussed it. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容可知，空氣面前人人平等，不管你的職業(yè)是什么，都呼吸一

45、樣的空氣。因此空氣一旦被污染，誰(shuí)都沒(méi)有辦法不受影響，所以大家都特別關(guān)注空氣質(zhì)量。故答案選B。 18．To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but ________. A．we have to sacrifice air as the price B．the dirty air is not what we want C．ecological progress can be ignored D．the smog is the only byproduct 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二、三段可知，固然我們要發(fā)展經(jīng)

46、濟(jì)使國(guó)家強(qiáng)大，但發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)不能以犧牲環(huán)境為代價(jià)，否則發(fā)展就變得沒(méi)有任何意義了。故答案選B。 19．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______. A．human beings B．other planets C．space technologies D．industrial development 答案：A　指代判斷題。they是代詞，用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處they代替上文中

47、的human beings。故答案選A。 20．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that ________. A．hightech can completely solve the problem of pollution B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale C．we can move to Mars after the earth has been destroyed D．we must protect the environment while d

48、eveloping economy 答案：D　推理判斷題。文章最后兩段強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們既要發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技，建設(shè)一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家，但同時(shí)也要保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)美麗的國(guó)度。故答案選D。 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2013·皖南八校第三次聯(lián)考，A) Handball is a hugely popular sport in Europe and Asia, and it is one of the fastest and most exciting sports in the world. It combines basketbal

49、l and soccer with the attracting saves of water polo. Handball is played on an indoor court ( the size of two basketball courts ) and there are goals at each end. There are twelve players on each team, two goal keepers and ten field players, but there is a maximum of one goalkeeper and six field pl

50、ayers from each team allowed on the court at any one time. The_idea_is_simple:_score more goals than the other team. The ball is made of leather or a synthetic material and it must be round. The surface must not be shiny or slippery. The size and weight of the ball varies for male and female teams

51、, and adult and junior team. Handball has the same freeranging play as basketball, with all players except the goalkeeper constantly moving from attack to defence. The goalkeeper uses hands, feet, head and body to keep out the other team's shots. The origins of handball are unclear. Many people b

52、elieve that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing. Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly. Handball has been played at the

53、Olympics since 1972. 1．The passage states that handball was most probably developed ________. A．a(chǎn)s a replacement for basketball B．by supporters of water polo C．a(chǎn)s a training game D．for the 1972 Olympics 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第四句話“Many people believe that it developed as a training game f

54、or soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing.”可知。 2．The statement, “The idea is simple”， emphasizes that in handball the ________. A．game has only one purpose B．court is clearly marked C．players can change positions D．goalkeeper is the last defense 答案：A　推理判斷題。由畫(huà)線

55、詞后的“score more goals than the other team.(比另一隊(duì)多進(jìn)球)”可推知，手球運(yùn)動(dòng)的唯一目的是比賽時(shí)多進(jìn)球。 3．It is clear that the writer believes the sport of handball ______. A．is more popular for men than for women B．is great fun for the audience C．requires an unusually shaped ball D．should only be played in winter 答

56、案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly.”可知。 4．In which order does the information appear in the passage? a.type of ball b．court size c．beginning of the sport d．team members A.c－a－b－d B．b－a－d－c C．c－d－a－b D．b－d－a－c 答案：D　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。由文章層次可推知。