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1、一、并列連詞 ：
一）常見的表示語義延伸的并列連詞有：
1. and
Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正義在你們一邊，而正義是會戰(zhàn)勝非正義的。
2. neither... nor
She could neither speak the language nor write it. 這種語言她既不會說，也不會寫。
3. both... and
A man should have both courage and perseverance.一個人既要
2、有勇氣又要有毅力。
4. not only... but also
We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我們不僅要大膽，而且要謹慎。
5. as well as
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我讀過他的一本小說和幾個劇本。
二）表示選擇的并列連詞有：
1. or
You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者
3、讓別人做。
2. either... or
I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屜里了。
除了表示選擇外，or和either... or還可以表示否定的條件：
1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我現(xiàn)在得走了，否則晚會我就要遲到了。
2) Youll either behave yourself, or youll never go out with me. 你要么老實點，要么就
4、永遠不能跟我一起出去。
三）表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊牟⒘羞B詞有：
1. but
He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但沒有成功。
2. yet
The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 這輛車子很舊，但仍處于良好的狀態(tài)。
3. however
She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了。然而她照舊去上班，并且盡力集中精神工作。
5、
四）表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有：
因果：原因和結(jié)果
1. for
Youd better put on your sweater, for its rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上，因為外邊相當冷。
2. so
My sister is expecting me，so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我，因此我得走了。
二、從屬連詞：從屬連詞是用來引導從句的。
一）引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：
1. when
There was prolonged applause when he bega
6、n to speak. 他開始講話時響起了經(jīng)久不息的掌聲。
2. while
We should strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。
3. as
As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 當他進來時，全場發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。
4. after
After I visit Shanghai Ill travel up the Yangtze. 訪問上海之后，我將溯長江而上。
5. before
It would
7、 be months before he was fit for the work. 要過好幾個月他才能適應工作。
6. since
It is just a week since we arrived here. 我們到這里才一個星期。
7. until (till)
I shall stay here until (till) Ive completed my studies. 我要在這里待到學習結(jié)束為止。
8. as soon as
As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上
8、班了。
9. once
Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一說這話我就知道他在撒謊。
二）引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：
1. because
He failed because he was too careless. 因為他太粗心，所以失敗了。
2. as
As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 因為已經(jīng)相當晚了，我們決定在廟里待一夜。
3. since
9、Since (原因)you dont want to go, we wont force you to. 既然你不愿意去，我們也不勉強你。
4. now that
Now that you are all back, wed better start the work right away. 你們既然都回來了，我們最好馬上就開始工作。
5. considering (that)
They did the job quite well considering (that) they had no experience. 考慮到他們沒有什么經(jīng)驗，這項工作他們已經(jīng)干得
10、不錯了。
6. seeing that
Seeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于都沒有很高的熱情，他們決定取消這次旅行。
七）引導結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：
1. so...that
She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感動得熱淚盈眶。
2. such...that
It was such a boring speech that I
11、 fell asleep. 演講枯燥乏味，聽得我都睡著了。
三）引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：
1. if
If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能辦到，我也能辦到。
2. even if
We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我們就是失敗十次也不灰心。
3. unless
I wont go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去，否則我是不會去的。
4. in case
Wed better tak
12、e our raincoats in case it should rain (rains). 我們最好把雨衣帶著以防下雨。
5. provided /providing (that)
Ill come provided (providing) (that) you let me know in good time. 你要是及時通知我是會來的。
6. suppose/supposing (that)
Suppose (Supposing) (that) he wont agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意，我們怎么辦？
7. a
13、s (so) long as
You may use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只要保持清潔你可以用這個房間。
8. on condition (that)
Ill lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一還我，這本書我就借給你。
四）引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：
1. although / though
Everybody worked with great enthusiasm altho
14、ugh/though the weather was extremely cold. 雖然天氣很冷，大家工作得非常起勁。
2. even if (though)
Even if I have to walk all the way Ill get there. 即使我得一路走著去，我也要去那里。
五）引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有：
1. than
We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我們今年棉花產(chǎn)量比去年高百分之二十。
2. as (so)...as
15、
He doesnt play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。
六）引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：
1. lest
She explained again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解釋唯恐人們誤解。
2. so that
Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 講話要清楚，以便我們能聽明白。
3. in order that
He assigned u
16、s some books to read at home in order that (so that) we might have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定幾本書給我們回家看，以便我們對這一主題有一個較深的了解。
八）引導名詞性從句的連詞有三個：(1)that (本身無意義)，(2)whether (or not)，(3)if。例如：
That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他們不太可能會拒絕這個建議。
I dont know whether (=if)
17、these figures are accurate. 我不知道這些數(shù)字是否精確。
需要注意的是：whether (or not) 可引導大部分名詞性從句；if僅可引導賓語從句，而且不可跟or not。例如：
Whether (≠if) they will come or not wont make much difference. 他們來不來關(guān)系不大。
I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram. 我不知道她是否收到了我們的電報。
先行詞與關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系
引導定語從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞根據(jù)其在定語從句中的功能可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等, 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。
含有定語從句的句子一般分為兩層：即主句層（第一層）, 定語從句層（第二層）。
并列連詞和從屬連詞.docx
