《虛擬語(yǔ)氣》PPT課件.ppt

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1、09年高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)系列 1、 if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句； 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn) 2、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法； 3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用； 4、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的應(yīng)用。 If + 主 + did(were), 主 +would/should/ could/might +動(dòng)詞原形 If I were you, I would try it again. 1. 如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。 2.如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。 If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句 If +主 +had do

2、ne sth, 主 +would/should/ could/might +動(dòng)詞完成式（ have done） If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。 與過去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句 If he came/ were to come/ should come here tomorrow, I would tell him. 如果他明天來(lái)的話 ,我會(huì)告訴他 . If + 主 + did(were to do/should do), 主 +would/should/

3、could/might +動(dòng)詞原形 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)用 if從句動(dòng)詞 主句動(dòng)詞 與過去事實(shí) 相反 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 相反 與將來(lái)事實(shí) 相反 had done did/were 1. did would/should/could /might have done would/should/could/ might do 2. were to do 3. should do 1. If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; wo

4、uld C. will come; should D. comes; might .- If he _, he _that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken . If my lawyer _here last Sund

5、ay, he _ me from going . A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 1) If you _ (be) in my place, you would do the same thing. 2) If I had learned English well, I _ (be) able to talk with native speakers. 3) If you _ (visit) our

6、school tomorrow, you would see how beautiful it is. 4、用括號(hào)里的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 were would have been visited/should visit/were to visit 在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果 含有助動(dòng)詞 were, had, should, 可將 if 省略，并將 were, had, should放在主語(yǔ)前，構(gòu)成倒裝句 式。 Were I you, I would try it again. 2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the fi

7、lm. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. 1. If I were you, I would try it again. 3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. EXERCISE 在非真實(shí)條件句中，有時(shí) 條件句的動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生 的時(shí)間是 不一致 的，這時(shí)， 動(dòng) 詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí) 間來(lái)調(diào)整 ，這叫 混合虛擬條件 句 或 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 If you had

8、 followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份 工作了。 （從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。） 1. If he _ that operation two years ago, he _ in better health now. A. had, is B. had had, would be C. had, were D. had had, would have been 2. If I _ you, I _ to her birthday party last night. A

9、. am, will go B. was, would go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況 并不是以條件句 的形式 表示，而是通過一些 介詞 短 語(yǔ)或 上下文 等方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，這種 句子叫 含蓄虛擬條件句 ，其作用與 非真實(shí)條件句一樣，并且可以轉(zhuǎn)換 為非真實(shí)條件句 or, otherwise, with, without, but for, under等詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在含蓄虛擬條件 句中 But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. (=If it had not b

10、een for the storm, I would have arrived) Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier. (= If I had not been too busy， I would have attended the meeting.) She came here yesterday, otherwise /or I would not have met her. (=If she had not come , I would not have met her. ) I would have attended

11、the meeting, but I have been too busy. 用括號(hào)里的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 1. I _ (come) to your party, but I didnt have time. 2. Without electricity, human life _ (be) different today. would have come would be 虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型 1. wish 的賓語(yǔ)從句 would/could/might +V. 現(xiàn)在 : 過去時(shí)（ were） 過去 : 過去完成時(shí) 將來(lái) : Exercises: 1. “ Have you visited

12、the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. have D. will 2. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went 3. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D

13、. would teach 2. would rather that 現(xiàn)在： 過去： 將來(lái)： 過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去時(shí) 1. I would rather you _ (pay) me now. 2. I would rather you _ (not tell) her the news. 3. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow. paid hadnt told came 3. Its (about/high) time +that - 過去時(shí) should +V. 我們?cè)撊ニX了。 Its time that we went to bed. Its

14、 time that we should go to bed. =Its time for us to go to bed. 現(xiàn)在： 過去： 將來(lái) : did /were had done would+動(dòng)詞原形 4. as if /though + Clause as if /though引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容 很可 能發(fā)生 或是 事實(shí) 時(shí)，要用 陳述 語(yǔ)氣；若 表達(dá)的內(nèi)容 與事實(shí)不符合 ，或發(fā)生的 可 能性不大 時(shí)，要用 虛擬 語(yǔ)氣 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B.

15、 has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2. The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man. A. is B. will be C. am D. were 3. The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain. A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would 5. If only 1. If only I _ (know) his na

16、me now! 2. If only we _ (follow) your advice last time! 3. If only I _ (see) him again next year! knew had followed could see 現(xiàn)在 : 過去時(shí)（ were） 過去 : 過去完成時(shí) 將來(lái) : would/could/might +V. (1) 要是就好了 = I wish (2) = as long as 常用陳述語(yǔ)氣 . We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united. 如果

17、我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝 一切困難 . 6. If it were not for If it had not been for If it were not for the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life. If it had not been for the heavy rain, we could have climbed the mountain yesterday. 要不是因?yàn)?虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞 性從句中的應(yīng)用 表示要求、命令、建議的從句中 ,謂語(yǔ) 通常用“ （ should） +V原形 ” 常見動(dòng)詞 :

18、一個(gè) 堅(jiān)持 , 兩個(gè) 命令 , 三個(gè) 建 議 , 四個(gè) 要求 1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose 4). demand, require, request, desire 1） insist作“堅(jiān)決（主張），堅(jiān)決（要求）”解 時(shí)，表示一個(gè) 主張 或一種 看法 ，后接的賓語(yǔ)從 句采用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ；作“堅(jiān)持（說）”，表示一 個(gè) 事實(shí) ，后接的從句采用 陳述語(yǔ)氣 。 Mike insisted that he _ never _ (steal) anything. Mike insisted that he _ (le

19、ave) for London now. 注意： had stolen should leave 2） suggest作“ 表明，暗示 ”用 陳述語(yǔ)氣 ；作“ 建 議 ”時(shí)才用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 。 His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill. He suggested that we _ (finish) it before dark. was (should) finish It is suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, requ

20、ired ) + that 從句 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 ( should )+ 動(dòng)詞原 形 這些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)從句也要使用 虛擬 語(yǔ)氣， 常應(yīng)用于以下句型中： 這些動(dòng)詞的 名詞形式 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire后面的 表語(yǔ)從句 和 同位語(yǔ)從句 也要用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 My idea is that we (should) do exercises first. 6.在主語(yǔ)從句中，如果表示驚奇、不相信、 惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 “ (should)+V原形 ” 。

21、 常用于： It is necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that 從句 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) +that從句 1. It is important that we (master) a foreign language. 2. It is a pity that you (be) so careless. 3. Its necessary that we (study) hard. ( should ) master should be should study 1. I _ (help)

22、 you with your work if I _ (be) free now, but Im too busy. 2. If we _ (leave) twenty minutes earlier yesterday, we _ (catch) the first train. 3. If she _ (come) here tomorrow, she _ (tell) me that. We know she will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 4. If I _ (see) him tomorrow, I will give it to him. 用括號(hào)里的動(dòng)詞

23、的正確形式填空 would help were had left would have caught came/were to come/should come might tell see 5. I wish I _ (see) you now. 6. I wish I _ (have) a room of my own when I was a boy. 7. I suggested that he _ (go) there at once. 8. He insisted he _ (send) to the city. 9. His expression suggested that h

24、e _ (pass) the test. 10. She insisted that she _ (not take) it. had had (should) go (should) be sent had passed hadnt taken saw 11. The idea that we _ (go) to Beijing by air came true. 12. It is necessary that they _ (finish) their work next Monday. 13. It is important that they _ (do) it in another

25、 way. 14. It is time that I _ (go) to bed. 15. If only I _ (take) his advice before. (should) go should finish should do went had taken 16. If only I _ (be) a bird. 17. If it _ (be) not for the rain, the crops should (would) die. 18. He looks as if he _ (be) an artist. 19. She speaks English so flue

26、ntly as if she _ (study) English in England. 20. Id rather she _ ( not visit) him yesterday were were were had studied hadnt visited 2. would rather that 現(xiàn)在： 過去： 將來(lái)： 過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去時(shí) 1. I would rather you _ (pay) me now. 2. I would rather you _ (not tell) her the news. 3. I would rather you _ (come) to

27、morrow. paid hadnt told came 1.The students_ busily when Miss brown went to get a book she had left in the office. A.wrote B.had written C.were writing D.write A 2.-Have you moved into the new house? -not yet,the rooms _. A.painted B. was painting C.are being painted D.has painted 3.I first met Lisa 3 years ago.she _ at a radio shop at that time/then. A.worked B.workes C.was working D.has worked 4.-are you still busy? -yes,I _my work,and it wont take long. A.just finish B.am just finishing C.have just finished D.am just going to finish