中考英語 第三輪 中考題型實戰(zhàn) 第43講 任務型閱讀課件 人教新目標版

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1、第 43講 任 務 型 閱 讀 任務型閱讀不僅可以測試考生的語言知識水平和閱讀能力，它還可以測試考生對必須知道的普通生活常識的了解，其特點是考查的內(nèi)容豐富多彩，題型設計多種多樣。在答題時，首先要用閱讀材料所提供的信息進行分析處理，然后再按要求完成各項任務。常見題型有判斷型、還原型、完成句子型、完成表格型、回答問題型和其他任務型等。判斷型：首先，要把握每個待定句子的含義；其次，要通讀短文，把握文章大意，明確作者的觀點和態(tài)度；再通過尋讀法在原文中找出與每個問題相關的段落與詞句，與這些段落、詞句意思相符或與作者觀點相同的，可判斷為正確的，否則，就是錯誤的。 【例1】 閱讀短文，判斷句子正誤。正確的寫

2、“A”；錯誤的寫“B”。(2016，青島)Building friendships is a lifelong job but is worth spending time.Also，its important to keep in touch with friends.Advice on making new friends*Try to be open to new experiences and relationships.*Join clubs or volunteer organizations.These activities will give you a chance to c

3、ommunicate with people who share similar interests.*Go on with iteven if you dont feel comfortable.It takes time to build friendships.Advice on keeping friends*Be a good listener.Dont offer advice unless youre asked. *Respect (尊重) the other persons opinion，even when you dont agree.*Your friends need

4、 to know they can trust you. ( )1.Building friendships doesnt take long.( )2.Volunteer activities can help you make some new friends.( )3.You should respect your friends idea.( )4.Offer your friends advice if you are not asked.( )5.The passage talks about how to make new friends and keep friends.BAA

5、BA 【短文大意】本文以表格的形式對如何結交新朋友和保持朋友關系各給出三條建議。解析：1.我們可用“細節(jié)理解法”解答本題。本題意為“建立友誼不需要花費很長時間”。由“Advice on making new friends”中的It takes time to build friendships.(建立友誼要花費時間。)可知本句描述錯誤。2我們可用“細節(jié)理解法”解答本題。本題意為“志愿者活動能幫你結交一些新朋友?！庇伞癆dvice on making new friends”中的第二條Join clubs or volunteer organizations.These activities

6、will give you a chance to communicate with people who share similar interests.(加入俱樂部或志愿組織。這些活動將給你與興趣相似的人交流的機會。)可知這些活動能幫助你交到新朋友。故本句描述正確。 3我們可用“細節(jié)理解法”解答本題。本題意為“你應該尊重你朋友的想法”。由“Advice on keeping friends”中的第二條Respect the other persons opinion.(尊重他人的看法)可知本句描述正確。4我們可用“細節(jié)理解法”解答本題。本題意為“不被要求就給朋友提出建議”。由“Advice

7、 on keeping friends”第一條中的Dont offer advice unless youre asked.可知“不要主動提出建議，除非你的朋友要求你”，故本句描述錯誤。5我們可用“主旨大意法”解答本題。本題意為“本文談論了如何交新朋友和保持朋友關系”。由表格中的Advice on making new friends(結交新朋友的建議)和Advice on keeping friends(保持朋友關系的建議)兩個小標題可知本句描述正確。 閱讀下列短文，判斷正(A)誤(B)。There are twenty seven bridges over the River Thames

8、.And the Tower Bridge is the first bridge you have to pass if you go to London from the sea.It is close to the Tower of London，from which it got its name.It is a symbol (象征) of London.The Tower Bridge was set up over the River Thames in London in 1894 and is one of the finest and most famous bridges

9、 in the world.It is the only bridge over the Thames that can be raised and opened in the middle.The middle part can be raised to let the huge ships pass.It used to be raised about 50 times a day，but now it is raised only 4 to 5 times a week.If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two arms

10、 open high in the air，you will never forget it. The Tower Bridge stands just on the south side of the Tower of London.People often think they are of the same age.But in fact，the Tower of London was built a thousand years ago，while the Tower Bridge only has a history of over one hundred years.The Tow

11、er Bridge was first painted chocolate brown.Then in 1977，it was painted red，white and blue.Its picture also appeared in the opening of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games held in London.So come to visit the famous bridge.You are sure to have a wonderful experience. ( )1.The colour of the Tower Bridge hasn

12、t changed for more than a hundred years.( )2.In 1894，the Tower Bridge was built in London.( )3.The Tower of London has a much longer history than the Tower Bridge.( )4.The Tower Bridge is now raised less often than in the past.( )5.This passage means to introduce the Tower of London.BAAAB 還原型：1要在理解全

13、文的基礎上，把握段落與段落之間、句子與句子之間的行文關系和邏輯關系。2找出突破口，先還原位置較明顯的句子，然后把其余的句子逐一回歸原文。對于模棱兩可的句子，可試著回歸原文，反復誦讀上下文，判斷其位置是否恰當。3將所有的句子都還原到短文中后，再通讀全文，檢查文章是否通順、邏輯是否合理。 【例2】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框內(nèi)所給的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。(2016，山西)Recently，a very simple question became widely spread online：What China should be proud of？1._Lanlan，whose real n

14、ame is Negar Kordi，is from Canada.She came to China five years ago and is a student at Ningbo University.Now she has 120，000 fans on the Internet and the number is still growing.Lanlan loves China and Chinese.2._ And thats why she is so well received among Chinese net friends.The following is China

15、in her eyes.“It is the easiest country in which to find a job.If you are not too lazy，it is really very simple to find a job in China.I believe therere more job chances here than in any other country in the world.”C E “3._ About 400 million Chinese are studying English.If they can speak good English

16、 in the future，China will have the greatest number of English speakers of any nonEnglish speaking country.”“The speed of Chinese trains is fast.From Ningbo to Beijing，the train runs 1，365 kilometers for seven hours and the ticket fare is only 595 yuan.”“Its public security is great.4._ I have travel

17、led in many countries，and I think China really is very safe.”“There are much more things China should be proud of.Many Chinese people often criticize (批評) China.At first，I believed that they didnt like China or that they loved Western countries.But later，I realized that they just set a very high sta

18、ndard for China.5._ China must be much better than other countries.”A B D AThe foreign language level is surprising.BThis country of 1.4 billion people makes me feel safe.CA foreign girl living in China gave a very touching answer.DThey believe that its not enough to be number one in the world.EShe

19、believes China will be the strongest country in the world in future. 【短文大意】本文敘述了最近網(wǎng)上廣泛傳播著一個簡單的問題“中國應該以什么為驕傲？”一個很受中國網(wǎng)友喜愛的加拿大女孩Lanlan分別從就業(yè)率、英語水平、火車的速度、公眾安全等方面對這個問題作出了回答。解析：1.由上句句意“最近在網(wǎng)上廣泛傳播著一個很簡單的問題”可推知，下文應與“回答”這個問題有關，C項中的a very touching answer與之相符。2由上文句意“她喜歡中國和中國人?！奔跋挛摹澳蔷褪撬谥袊W(wǎng)友中頗受認可的原因?！笨赏浦揪鋺撬龑χ袊?/p>

20、的積極的看法，E項中的She believes China will be the strongest country與之相符。 3由下文句意“大約4億中國人在學習英語”可推知，本句應與講外語有關，A項符合。4由上句句意“公眾安全也是很了不起的”以及下句句意“我認為中國真的安全?！笨赏浦?，本句應和“安全”有關，B項中的makes me feel safe與之相符。5由上文句意“但是后來我意識到，他們只是給中國設立了一個很高的標準”以及下句句意“中國必須要比其他國家好得多?！笨赏浦?，D項“他們認為在世界上位居第一是不夠的。”符合此處語境。 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個選項中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳

21、選項，使短文意思通順、內(nèi)容完整。There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant (令人愉快的) but are not.6._ When someone says they have to “face the music”，it does not mean they are going to a concert.“Facing the music” means to accept and deal with the punishment of an action.7_ For example，“I ca

22、nt face another night of camping！Its cold and rainy.” Or “In life，you must face your fears.” Face used in this way is very common.But now，lets go back to facing the music.Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car.She gives you the keys and says，“Thanks so much for watchi

23、ng my car while Im away.But please，do not drive it.It is an extremely (極其) fast car.” 8._ You want to show off to some friends.So，you drive it around town one night.As bad luck would have it，you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign.Bang!BD A When your friend returns you must tell he

24、r what you have done and “face the music”.9._ It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her sports car or both.Whatever the music is，you must face it.10_ To “take your medicine” means to accept the results from something bad you have done.And if someone says，“You made your bed.Now l

25、ie in it.” they mean you created a bad situation and now you will experience the results!ABut you do not listen.B“Face the music” is a good example.CThe “music” here is the result of your actions.DAmericans often use the word “face” in this way.EThere are other American expressions that mean the sam

26、e thing as “face the music”CE 完成表格/句子型：1通讀全文，了解短文大意；2閱讀語篇后所給的句子，從文中找出與之相同或相近的句子；3分析句子的含義，兼顧上下文之間的聯(lián)系，確定所要填的詞或短語。注意：如果文章中出現(xiàn)了not，never等否定詞，則補全句子時很有可能要填語篇中對應詞的反義詞。 【例3】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列表格(詞數(shù)不限)。(2016，煙臺)Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942.Hes one of the most wellknown scientists on space and time in

27、the world.Hawking is researching how the universe began and how it ends.He is called the King of the Universe.When he studied math and science at Oxford University，he became seriously ill，which made him unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines.Till now，he cant move or feed himself and

28、 he is helped to dress，eat and wash by a nurse.However，he has a wheelchair with a special computer，with which he can communicate with others. In spite of all these difficulties，he refused to give up his hope of living and went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford Universi

29、ty.In 1965，he got a Doctors Degree of philosophy (哲學)Now he works as a professor at Cambridge University.Because of his serious illness，it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write.So he started to think in pictures.With this new way of thinking，he is respected by people in the world.Then i

30、n 1988，he wrote his first important book，A Brief History of Time.It has been sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages.He was once invited to China to give lectures.His selfconfidence and humorous conversations impressed us deeply.From Hawkings unusual experience，we learn that nobo

31、dy should lose hope，no matter how bad the situation is.As he once said，“Life is not fair ，you just have to do the best you can in your own situation.” Stephen HawkingBrief introductionHe was born in England in 1942.He is a worldfamous scientist on 1._.He daily lifeA nurse helps him to dress，eat and

32、wash. He uses 2. _ to help him to walk.He communicates with others by using a special computer.He thinks in pictures instead of 3. _or writing. space and timea wheelchair (with a special computer)drawing (diagrams) His achievementsHe got a Doctors Degree of philosophy in 1965. A Brief History of Tim

33、e has been translated into 4._.Stephen Hawkings experience tells us that we should 5. _33 (different) languagesnever lose hope/not lose hope/never give up the hope of living/do the best we can in our own situation/face the difficulties bravely/. 【短文大意】本文講述了世界著名的科學家斯蒂芬霍金的故事。從他不平凡的經(jīng)歷中，我們學到了無論境況多么惡劣，都不

34、要放棄希望。解析：1.由第一段中的句子Hes one of the most wellknown scientists on space and time in the world.可知他是世界上研究空間和時間的最著名的科學家之一。2由第二段中的句子. he has a wheelchair with a special computer.可知，霍金使用帶有一臺特殊電腦的輪椅幫助他走路。3由第三段中的句子Because of his serious illness，it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write.So he start

35、ed to think in pictures.可知，對霍金來說畫圖表和寫字很困難，因此他開始think in pictures。instead of意為“代替，而不是”，后接名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式。 4由第三段中的句子It has been sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages.可知，霍金的A Brief History of Time(時間簡史)這本書被翻譯成了33種不同的語言。5由最后一段中的句子From Hawkings unusual experience，we learn that nobody

36、should lose hope，no matter how bad the situation is.可知，從斯蒂芬霍金不平凡的經(jīng)歷中，我們學到了無論境況多么惡劣，都不要放棄希望。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，每空詞數(shù)不限。Are your parents often angry with you？Or you always disagree with your parents？Maybe the relationships between you and your parents are terrible.Its difficult to make your home a happy and hea

37、lthy place.In fact，you can change the situations by the following keys.Respect (尊重)Its important to show your respect and care about your parents feelings.Though you have disagreements (分歧)，at least try to understand whatever they are trying to tell you.You shouldnt keep your own thoughts only.Commu

38、nicationYou can communicate with your parents in a polite way.You may not get what you want，but explaining your thoughts calmly and rationally (理性的) may show your parents that you are no longer a kid， not just a kid. TrustHow can your parents build trust in you？It depends on what you do.For example，

39、if you get home late without calling first，next time your parents may not believe you.To earn (贏得) their trust，you must pay attention to the ways you do things instead of fighting with them.It will make your life much easier.Taking time togetherSome teens find that sharing time together can build tr

40、ust and communication.Your parents may be interested in going shopping，hanging out and playing cards with you.Spending time together will drive away the “black cloud” hanging over your home.Your parents give all their love to you.Why not try these ways actively to own a happy family as you want? The

41、re are four good 11. _to improve the relationships between you and your parents.RespectThink about your parents feelings more.Show your respect to them.At least find out 12. _they are trying to tell you. CommunicationExpress your thoughts in a 13. _ way.Let them know you are not a kid.TrustYou must

42、pay attention to the ways you do things 14. _ fighting all the time to have an easier life. Taking time togetherYou can get a chance to build trust and communication 15. _ sharing time together.You will have a happy family. ways/keys/suggestions/points/ideas/opinionswhat/whatever calm/rational/polit

43、e/proper/suitable/rightinstead of by 回答問題型：1如果問題是考查對短文細節(jié)的理解，就需要抓住關鍵詞來回答問題。如果考查對短文實質性的理解，則需要以原文為基礎，利用其提供的信息，運用多種方法進行分析、歸納，從而得出結論。2寫出能回答所提問題的關鍵詞或詞組?；卮饡r，可以用完整的句子，也可以用省略句，如果用省略句回答，務必要寫出能回答問題的關鍵內(nèi)容。3要確保寫出的句子正確，要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 【例4】 閱讀短文，回答問題。(2016，重慶)Recently，Chongqing Three Gorges University has held an a

44、ctivity named “Cell Phone Ninja” (手機忍者)They would like their students not to use cell phones for 21 days.It is really a challenge (挑戰(zhàn)) for most students.The activity started on April 12.Each student who volunteered to take part in this activity got a bracelet (手環(huán))If the students did not use their ce

45、ll phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that.If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet.After the last class of each day，the students sent the photos to the schools public WeChat. More than 800 students wished to take pa

46、rt in the test，and 400 were chosen.After seven days，only 103 students remained.The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form (形成) a habit.According to the teachers in the university，the activity was not a competition.It depended on stude

47、nts themselves to make the decision.The teachers hoped their students could form better study habits through activities like this one. 1When did the activity “Cell Phone Ninja” start?It started on April 12.2Were 400 students chosen to take part in this test?Yes，they were.3Why was the test set for 21

48、 days?Because (some scientists believe that) 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit.4What was the bracelet used for in this test?It was used for showing/to show whether the students used the cell phone(s) or not. 【短文大意】最近，重慶三峽學院舉辦了“手機忍者”的活動?；顒拥囊笫窃?1天的時間里學生不用手機，這項活動的成敗取決于學生的選擇。老師希望通過這樣的活

49、動，幫助學生養(yǎng)成更好的學習習慣。解析：1.由第二段第一句The activity started on April 12.可知，“手機忍者”這個活動是在4月12日開始的。2由第三段第一句More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen.(800多名學生希望參加這個測試，有400名學生被選中)可知，此題應作肯定回答。3由第三段中The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enou

50、gh to help people form a habit.可知，這項測試安排21天是因為一些科學家認為21天的時間足夠長，能夠幫助人 形成一種習慣。 4由第二段中If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that.If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet.(如果學生不用手機，一張照

51、片將會在手環(huán)的屏幕上顯示出來。如果他們用手機，一張不同的照片將會顯示在手環(huán)的屏幕上)可知，在這項測試中，手環(huán)用來顯示學生是否使用手機。 閱讀短文，回答問題。It was 6：00 on a Monday morning.Adam，12 years old，was on his way to school，the McedoBeijing School in a slum (貧民窟) in the Kenyan capital of Nairobi (肯尼亞首都內(nèi)羅華)This school was built in 2001 with the help of China，for kids fr

52、om poor families.After getting to school，Adam went straight to his class to do his class work.It is usual that pupils in this school prepare for their lessons before the teacher comes.To study in the school was once a dream for the poor boy.His mother made a living by washing clothes for others.Some

53、 days she brought home nothing，and some days she could get about $3it was hardly enough to buy them a full meal for a day.Before joining the McedoBeijing School，Adam was at home with his seven brothers，collecting garbage (垃圾)The school is giving these kids hope for the future by providing a chance t

54、o get education.“For me，education is the best gift.” said Adam. 16H ow old was Adam？(no more than 5 words)12 (years old)/He was 12 years old.17Which country helped build Adams school？(no more than 6 words)China./China helped (to) build Adams school.18How did Adams mother make a living？(no more than

55、5 words)By washing clothes for others.19What did Adam do before joining the school？(no more than 3 words)He collected garbage.20Did Adam get the best gift？(no more than 3 words)Yes(，he did) 其他任務型：1對于主旨概括題，要通讀全文，分清主旨細節(jié)，防止以偏概全。這類題目大多是要求給出文章的標題。文章的標題可以是一個完整的句子、簡潔的短語或者是一個問題。書寫標題時要特別注意字母的大小寫和詞數(shù)問題。如果標題是一個

56、疑問句，可以在標題后加問號；如果是陳述句，則不必加句點。2英文釋義題，也可稱為句子替代或者詞匯替代題，要求從文章中找出與所給的句子或詞匯含義相同的句子或詞匯，一般讀懂了文章，弄清了所給句子和文中相應句子的意思即可答出，該題型在任務型閱讀中相對簡單。 3對于句子填空題，要充分利用文章中表示對比、轉折、因果、遞進、條件等關系的連接詞，結合上下文語境，來弄清楚需要填的究竟是什么含義的句子。4做翻譯句子題時，一定要使句子意思符合語境，表達簡潔、準確、到位，符合語言習慣，不可啰嗦、顛三倒四、詞不達意。5根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題時，無論是封閉式的問題還是開放性的問題都要力求表達準確，尤其是句子結構要準確無誤。

57、所寫答語可以是完整的句子，也可以簡略回答。要注意書寫認真、卷面整潔。 【例5】 閱讀短文，按要求完成下列各題。A little boy invited his mother to the first parent meeting of his primary school.To his surprise，she said she would go.This would be the first time that his classmates and teachers met his mother.She was not a beautiful woman _ her scar (傷疤) on

58、 her face.His mother told him there was the scar when she was born.At the meeting，other people were impressed by the kindness and natural looks of his mother，but the little boy felt embarrassed for his moms looks，and hid himself behind others.Just at that time，he heard the conversation between his m

59、other and his teacher.“How did you get the scar on your face？” the teacher asked. The mother replied，“When my son was a baby，his room caught fire one day.Everyone_was_too_afraid_to_get_into_the_roomI rushed into it in a minute.While I was running towards his bed，a beam (橫梁) fell down and I placed my

60、self over him to protect him.I was knocked and I knew nothing.幸運的是，有人救了我們?！?She touched the burned side of her face.“But I have never regretted (后悔) doing what I did，” she added.Having heard that，the little boy was so moved that he hugged his mother with tears in his eyes.He held mothers right hand

61、tightly for the rest of the day. 1在處填入一個恰當?shù)脑~組使句意完整、上下文通順：_2判斷句子正誤：(T or F)( )The little boys mother often took part in the parent meeting.3將處譯成漢語：_4將處譯成英語：_5What did the little boy do for the rest of the day?_because of/thanks toF每個人都太害怕而不敢進入房間。Luckily，someone saved us.He held his mothers right hand

62、 tightly for the rest of the day. 【短文大意】一個小男孩因為臉上有傷疤的媽媽要參加學校的家長會而感到尷尬，他怕別人笑話而坐到了后面。后來他知道了媽媽臉上的傷疤是因為救他而留下的，心里非常感動。本文歌頌了母愛的偉大。解析：1.“她臉上的傷疤”與“她不是一個漂亮的女人”之間是因果關系，因為后面跟的是一個名詞短語而不是一個句子，故用because of(或thanks to)。2由第一段可知，這是母親第一次參加孩子的家長會，所以說男孩的母親經(jīng)常參加家長會是錯誤的。3翻譯時要注意“too.to.”意為“太而不能/不敢”。4注意“幸運的是”翻譯時要用副詞形式“Lucki

63、ly”。5由文章的最后一句可知答案。 閱讀短文，按要求完成下列各題Many people run for exercise.But what will you do if you are not a_“born”_runner or jogger (慢跑者)？You may still want a kind of exercise thats inexpensive and easy to do.Why not try walking?Walking requires no special equipment (裝備)It is a kind of exercise that almost

64、any normal，healthy person can do.Walking is good for your health like jogging or running；it will just take longer.Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking.They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does.The problem with walking is that most people dont take it s

65、eriously.But theres a big difference between serious walking and the walking that most of us do.Walking，like jogging，should have a steady and continuous motion (穩(wěn)健而持續(xù)的動作) If you want to get your exercise by walking，you need to have your own walking plan.After all，runners and joggers set goals for th

66、emselves.Walkers need goals，too.You also need to set a course to walk.Start by walking about 1530 minutes a day.Increase your time and distance (距離) slowly.And try increasing your walking speed little by little.If you prefer to jog or run，follow the same advice.Start off slowly.Spend most of the first few days just walking.Then，start walking and running on the same day.Run or jog a short distance，then walk for a while，then，run，then walk.Follow that pattern for 1530 minutes a day.Slowly make each