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1、必修三必修三module4 module4 語法不定語法不定式式Module 4 Grammar Infinitive1.不定式的用法不定式的用法2.不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)1.To master a foreign language isnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannersto help people in trouble.1.作主語作主語1.Yourjobisto wash dishes.2.AllIdidwas(to)give him some advice.2.作表語作表語當(dāng)作表語的不定式解釋主語中當(dāng)作表語的不定式解釋主
2、語中do的意義時，的意義時，to可以省略?？梢允÷浴hepromisedto give him a chance.3.作賓語作賓語agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear等動詞后面均可直接跟不定式作賓等動詞后面均可直接跟不定式作賓語。語。少數(shù)介詞后面可跟不定式作賓語少數(shù)介詞后面可跟不定式作賓語1.Ithasnochoicebutto lie down and sleep.2.Theydidntopen
3、theirmouthsexceptto complain.當(dāng)句子中的主動詞為當(dāng)句子中的主動詞為do時時,but,except后后的動詞不定式省去的動詞不定式省去to;cantbut,cantchoosebut,canthelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之之后省略后省略to.1.Hedoesnothingbutplay all day.2.Atthenewsshedidntsayanythingbutto cry.3.Hecantchoosebutdoit.4.Theresnothingtodoexcept/butwaittillitstopsra
4、ining.4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語Theteachertoldhis studentsto pay more attention to their pronunciation.Iwould like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,permit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等動詞可
5、以接帶等動詞可以接帶to的的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。不定式作賓補(bǔ)。B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等動詞后等動詞后常接常接tobe+adj.作賓補(bǔ)。作賓補(bǔ)。Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.Thefluisbelieved_byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(04sh)A.causingB.beingC.tobecaused D.tohavecausedCC.不定式作補(bǔ)語，可根據(jù)需要在前加不定式作補(bǔ)語，
6、可根據(jù)需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑問詞。等疑問詞。1.Couldyoutellmehowto repair the machine?2.Noonetoldmewhereto find him.3.Pleaseshowuswhatto do with these sentence patterns.D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時等后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時,不不加加to,help后可加可不加后可加可不加.1.Ineverletmychildstay in the house all day.2.Havehi
7、mcome in,please.3.Iheardhersay that shed like to go to the concert.5.作主語補(bǔ)足語作主語補(bǔ)足語Iwasaskedto help him with his lessons.主語補(bǔ)足語就是主動語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語主語補(bǔ)足語就是主動語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語1.Shewasseento go out a minute ago.2.Hewasmadeto give up drinking.3.Hewasheardpractising singing a song this time yesterday.6.作后置定語作后置定語1.Shewast
8、hefirstgirlto work out the problem.(主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系)2.Hehasanimportantmeetingto attend.(動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系)3.Hekeepshispromiseto write to us regularly.(同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系)不定式作賓語，動詞如果不是及物不定式作賓語，動詞如果不是及物動詞，后面應(yīng)加必要的介詞動詞，后面應(yīng)加必要的介詞Theiceistoothinforustowalk on.Ihiredaroomtolive inwhenintheUS.7.作目的狀語，作目的狀語，to可用可用inorderto或或soasto代替（
9、代替（soasto 不能置不能置于句首）。于句首）。1.ShegotoffthetraininBeijingto see a friend.2.SomescientistswenttoGermanyto attend a medical conference.3.Theystartedveryearlyin order not to miss the train.8.作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果果,且不定式前常有且不定式前常有only,never,強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)驚訝或失望。驚訝或失望。V-ing作結(jié)果狀語強(qiáng)調(diào)一種必然的因作結(jié)果狀語強(qiáng)調(diào)一種必然
10、的因果關(guān)系。果關(guān)系。Hehurriedtohishouse,only to find it had been broken into.Istoodthere,never to be feeling so stupid.Herparentsdied,leaving her an orphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing 100 deaths.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.When to starthasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Theproblemish
11、ow to persuade him to change his mind.主語主語表語表語Wemustlearnwhat to doinfaceofdifficulties.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehow to get to the station.賓語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語2.帶有邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)帶有邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)1.Itskindof you to lend me such a beautiful necklace.2.Itsimportantfor us to master a foreign language.3.Thefirstthingfor us to d
12、oistocleantheroom.主語主語主語主語定語定語此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說明句中行為動詞的特征容詞說明句中行為動詞的特征此結(jié)構(gòu)中的此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說明邏輯主語的特征，可作邏輯形容詞說明邏輯主語的特征，可作邏輯主語的表語主語的表語Itis+adj.+ofsb.todoItis+adj.+forsb.todoItisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.Youarefoolishtosaysuchword.Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.Wearenecessarytolearnourlessonswell.不定式的時
13、態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式不定式主動式主動式被動式被動式一般式一般式完成式完成式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式/完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式/todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing1)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式不定式的不定式的一般式所表示的動作一般式所表示的動作通常通常與主與主要謂語的動作要謂語的動作同時同時或或幾乎同時幾乎同時發(fā)生，發(fā)生，或或是在它之后發(fā)生是在它之后發(fā)生。1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Theyinvitedustogotherethissummer.3.Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.2)不定式的完
14、成式不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的不定式的完成式所表示的動作在謂語所動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生表示的動作之前發(fā)生。1.Sheseemedtohave heardaboutthismatter.2.Iam sorrytohave keptyouwaitingsolong.3)不定式的進(jìn)行式不定式的進(jìn)行式不定式的進(jìn)行式表示不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的與謂正在進(jìn)行的與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。1.Theboypretendedtobelisteningwhentheteacherlooked athim.2.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4)不定式
15、的完成進(jìn)行式不定式的完成進(jìn)行式如果如果不定式表示的動作不定式表示的動作在謂語動作之前在謂語動作之前一直進(jìn)行一直進(jìn)行，就需要用完成進(jìn)行式。，就需要用完成進(jìn)行式。1.Theyare saidtohave beenworkinginTibetfor20years.2.Weare happytohave been helpingeachotherthesedays.3.Id liketohave been toldthenewsearlier.5)不定式的被動式不定式的被動式當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要，不定
16、式一般要用被動形式。用被動形式。Themeetingto be held tomorrowisveryimportant.Ihadtoshoutto be heard.6)動詞不定式的否定動詞不定式的否定由由not或或never加不定式構(gòu)成。加不定式構(gòu)成。Trynottobelateagainnexttime.Hewishedusnevertomeetheragain.不定式近年高考題不定式近年高考題1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_itmoredifficult.(1999)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmak
17、ingD.donotmake2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.(2000)A.expected B.toexpectC.tobeexpecting D.expects3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(98)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(2003)A.mu
18、chtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuch D.tooheavymuch5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(1995)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.(1997)A.tobetaken B.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking7.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海上
19、海)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing8._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep9.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglyt
20、hateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade12.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise
21、.(2003)A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake1.Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!(2007全國全國I)A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving2.ThereisnothingmoreIcantry_youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck.(2007上海上海)A.beingpersuadedB.persuadingC.tobepersuadedD.topersuade3.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_aboutmyself,evenwhenI
22、wastwelve.(2007江蘇江蘇)A.feelingwellB.feelinggoodC.feelwellD.feelgood4.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthereforaspaceflight.(2007江西江西)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained5.thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecitysgassupplysystemthoroughly.(2007上海春上海春)1.A.ToensureB.Ensuring2.
23、C.HavingensuredD.Tohaveensured6.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(2007浙江浙江)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard7.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.(2007遼寧遼寧)A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break1.
24、Thewilltolivehelpsapatient_.A.torecoverB.todieC.recoveringD.dying2.Lifeis_shorttowaste.A.toB.tooC.twoD.twice3.Itsnotgood_amantobealone.A.toB.ofC.forD.with4.It_thewholelifetolearnhowtolive.A.takeB.tookC.takenD.takes5.Whatajoy_istoswiminthisbigriver!A.itsB.itsC.itD.itself6.Theyhaventdecided_togo.A.whe
25、reB.whatC.whateverD.weather7.Motherallowshim_theTVplayafterhehasfinishedhishomework.A.seeingB.towatchC.watchD.watching8.Wouldyoube_toopenawindow?A.enoughkindB.kindlyenoughC.enoughD.kindenough9.Hetried_butsherefused_.A.toexplain;tolistenB.toexplain;listeningC.explaining;tolistenD.explaining;listening
26、10.Johniseasy_.A.togetalongB.tobegotalongC.togetonwithD.tobegotonwith11.Theydontallowthesebooks_outofthereadingroom.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobringD.tobebrought12.Theresnochoicebut_tillitstopsraining.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.towait13.Thepickpocketwasobserved_themanswallet.A.takeB.takenC.tookD.totake14.
27、Heissaid_abroad.A.tohavebeensent B.tohavesentC.havebeensentD.havesent15.Whentheteacherpassedhim,hepretended_thenovel.A.nottobereadingB.nottobeseeingC.tobenotreadingD.tobenotseeing16.Andrewwasthesecondperson_.A.tointerview B.interviewingB.interviewD.tobeinterviewed17.Itwas_ofyoutogiveupwhatyourightly
28、owned.A.foolishlyB.foolishC.impoliteD.cleverly18.Iprefer_ratherthan_alongchatwithhim.A.todosomereading,haveB.read,tohaveC.dosomereading,tohaveD.toread,have19.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_.A.sitB.besatC.besatonD.siton20.Mrs.Greenwarnsherdaughter_afterdrinking.A.toneverdriveB
29、.neverdriveC.nevertodriveD.neverdriving21.Thehouses_arefortheteachersandconstructionworkwillsoonstart.A.built B.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt22.Themissinggirlwaslastseen_inthatshop.A.doingsomeshoppingB.tobedoingsomewritingC.dosomeshoppingD.todosometalking23.Hewouldlove_toyourbirthdaypartybuthehadto
30、workextrahourstofinishareport.A.goingB.havinggoneC.togoD.tohavegone24.Theproblem_nextmonthhassomethingtodowithourdailylife.A.discussedB.tobediscussingC.beingdiscussedD.tobediscussed25.Haveyouanyletters_,sir?No,thanks.A.totypeB.tobetypingC.tobetyped D.typed26.Everyminuteismadefull_of_ourlessonswell.A
31、.touse,studyB.use,studyingC.use,tostudyD.used,studying27.Donttakethemedicine.Itcanthelp_ridofyourcough.A.gettingB.togetC.togettingD.gets28.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,riding29.“Heistooanxioustoleave.”O(jiān)fthefollowingwhichtranslationisright?A.他非常急切地想走他非常急切地想走B.他非常急而不能走他非常急而不能走C.他不急著走他不急著走D.他不急卻要走他不急卻要走30.Maryhappened_whentheyspeakillofher.A.tobepastB.tobepassingC.passingbyD.topassbeside
必修三module4 語法不定式
