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1、機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程Lesson 5 Shafts and CouplingsTerminologyText tour 4/14/20241機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程TerminologyCoupling A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts.聯(lián)軸器：聯(lián)軸器是用來(lái)把相鄰的兩個(gè)軸的軸端聯(lián)接起來(lái)的裝置聯(lián)軸器：聯(lián)軸器是用來(lái)把相鄰的兩個(gè)軸的軸端聯(lián)接起來(lái)的裝置4/14/20242機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程Socket wrenchA wrench with a usually interchangeable socket
2、to fit over a nut or bolt套筒扳手：通常帶有可替換套筒以適于螺帽或螺栓套筒扳手：通常帶有可替換套筒以適于螺帽或螺栓的扳手的扳手 4/14/20243機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程Bolt 螺栓螺栓,螺桿螺桿 Nut 螺母螺母Keyway A slot for a key in the hub or shaft of a wheel鍵槽：輪轂里或軸上裝鍵的溝槽鍵槽：輪轂里或軸上裝鍵的溝槽4/14/20244機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程coupling n.聯(lián)結(jié)聯(lián)結(jié),結(jié)合結(jié)合,耦合耦合rectangular n.矩形矩形 a.矩形的矩形的,直角的直角的cross section n.橫截面橫
3、截面(剖面剖面,樣品樣品,抽樣抽樣)screw n.螺絲釘螺絲釘,壓迫壓迫v.扭緊扭緊,壓榨壓榨 screw driver 螺絲刀螺絲刀,改錐改錐blade n.刀鋒刀鋒,刀口刀口The blade needs sharpening.4/14/20245機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程socket n.插座插座,插口插口wrench n.v.扳手，擰，扳緊，扭轉(zhuǎn)扳手，擰，扳緊，扭轉(zhuǎn)socket wrench套筒扳手套筒扳手 socket wrench set 全套套筒扳手全套套筒扳手knob n.把手把手,瘤瘤He gave a wrench at the knob.stem n.莖莖,桿桿v.堵住堵住,
4、阻止阻止,起源于起源于 Our ship stemmed on against the current.我們的船逆流而上。我們的船逆流而上。4/14/20246機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程Torsional a.扭力的扭力的,扭轉(zhuǎn)的扭轉(zhuǎn)的torque n.轉(zhuǎn)力矩；捻扭的金屬項(xiàng)圈、領(lǐng)圈轉(zhuǎn)力矩；捻扭的金屬項(xiàng)圈、領(lǐng)圈或臂圈或臂圈mounted v.安裝安裝a.安裝好的安裝好的Storage Mounted Device 表面安裝器件表面安裝器件 deviate v.脫離脫離,出軌出軌deviate from vt.脫離脫離(偏離偏離,背離背離)His remarks usually deviate from
5、 truth.4/14/20247機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程twist n.一扭一扭,扭曲扭曲v.擰擰,扭曲扭曲 The accident happened at the twist in the road.Too much force will twist the key.clutch n.;v.抓緊抓緊,掌握掌握,離合器離合器,孵小雞孵小雞Release the clutch slowly.慢慢地松開離合器。慢慢地松開離合器。bending n.彎曲度彎曲度,撓曲度撓曲度v.彎曲彎曲Touch your toes without bending your knees.用手夠到你的腳趾用手夠到你的
6、腳趾,膝蓋別彎曲膝蓋別彎曲.deflection n.歪斜歪斜,偏向偏向,撓度撓度.偏轉(zhuǎn)偏轉(zhuǎn).The smallest deflection of the missile could bring disaster.導(dǎo)彈有極微小的偏斜也可能釀出大禍.reversal n.翻轉(zhuǎn)翻轉(zhuǎn),倒轉(zhuǎn)倒轉(zhuǎn),反轉(zhuǎn)反轉(zhuǎn)cold-roll 冷軋機(jī)冷軋機(jī)4/14/20248機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程forge n.熔爐熔爐,鍛工車間鍛工車間v.鍛造鍛造 打制打制,1.a workplace where metal is worked by heating and hammering 2.create by hammering
7、adjacent a.毗連的毗連的,鄰近的鄰近的,接近的接近的Semipermanent a.半永久性的半永久性的propeller n.螺旋槳螺旋槳,推進(jìn)器推進(jìn)器a mechanical device that rotates to push against air or waterflange n.凸緣，法蘭凸緣，法蘭v.裝凸緣裝凸緣a projection used for strength or for attaching to another objecthub n.轂轂,中心，集線器，輪轂中心，集線器，輪轂the central part of a car wheel throug
8、h which the shaft or axle passes bolt n.門閂門閂,螺釘螺釘 vt.用螺栓固定用螺栓固定A fools bolt is soon shot.愚者易竭其智。黔驢之技易窮。蠢人沉不住氣。愚者易竭其智。黔驢之技易窮。蠢人沉不住氣。4/14/20249機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程alignment n.調(diào)整調(diào)整(成直線成直線,準(zhǔn)線準(zhǔn)線,定向定向,直線性直線性,結(jié)盟結(jié)盟)the act of adjusting or aligning the parts of a device in relation to each other rabbet n.槽口槽口,槽口接縫處槽口接
9、縫處v.開槽口接合開槽口接合,嵌接嵌接a rectangular groove made to hold two pieces togethergearbox n.齒輪箱，變速箱齒輪箱，變速箱flexible a.靈活的靈活的,易彎曲的易彎曲的,柔韌的柔韌的This tube is flexible but tough.這管子柔軟但很堅(jiān)固。這管子柔軟但很堅(jiān)固。.You are too flexible with her.你太聽任她的擺布了。你太聽任她的擺布了。flexible coupling 彈性聯(lián)軸器，撓性聯(lián)軸器彈性聯(lián)軸器，撓性聯(lián)軸器In such a way as 以這樣一種方式以這樣一
10、種方式shock n.沖擊，沖撞，打擊沖擊，沖撞，打擊 v.震動(dòng)震動(dòng),沖突沖突,An electric shock can kill you.電擊可置人于死地電擊可置人于死地.4/14/202410機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程1.Virtually all machines contain shafts.The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow(hollow shafts can result in weight savings).Rectangula
11、r shafts are sometimes used,as in screw driver blades,socket wrenches and control knob stems.實(shí)際上，幾乎所有的機(jī)器中都裝有軸。軸的最常見實(shí)際上，幾乎所有的機(jī)器中都裝有軸。軸的最常見的形狀是圓形，其截面可以是實(shí)心的，也可以是空的形狀是圓形，其截面可以是實(shí)心的，也可以是空心的心的(空心軸可以減輕重量空心軸可以減輕重量)。有時(shí)也采用矩形軸，。有時(shí)也采用矩形軸，例如，螺絲起子的頭部、套筒扳手和控制旋扭的桿。例如，螺絲起子的頭部、套筒扳手和控制旋扭的桿。Text tour4/14/202411機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教
12、程2.A shaft must have adequate torsional strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed.It must also be torsionally stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft.為了在傳遞扭矩時(shí)不發(fā)生過(guò)載，軸
13、應(yīng)該具有適當(dāng)?shù)目古榱嗽趥鬟f扭矩時(shí)不發(fā)生過(guò)載，軸應(yīng)該具有適當(dāng)?shù)目古?qiáng)度。軸還應(yīng)該具有足夠的抗扭剛度，以使在同一個(gè)軸強(qiáng)度。軸還應(yīng)該具有足夠的抗扭剛度，以使在同一個(gè)軸上的兩個(gè)傳動(dòng)零件之間的相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)角不會(huì)過(guò)大。上的兩個(gè)傳動(dòng)零件之間的相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)角不會(huì)過(guò)大。4/14/202412機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程Generally speaking,the angle of twist should not exceed one degree in a shaft length equal to 20 diameters.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，再長(zhǎng)度等于軸的直徑的一般來(lái)說(shuō)，再長(zhǎng)度等于軸的直徑的20倍倍時(shí)，軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)角不應(yīng)該超過(guò)時(shí)，軸的扭
14、轉(zhuǎn)角不應(yīng)該超過(guò)1.4/14/202413機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程3.Shafts are mounted in bearings and transmit power through such devices as gears,pulleys,cams and clutches.These devices introduce forces which attempt to bend the shaft;hence,the shafts must be rigid enough to prevent overloading of the supporting bearings.軸安裝在軸承中，通過(guò)齒
15、輪、皮帶輪、凸輪和軸安裝在軸承中，通過(guò)齒輪、皮帶輪、凸輪和離合器等零件傳遞動(dòng)力。通過(guò)這些零件傳來(lái)的離合器等零件傳遞動(dòng)力。通過(guò)這些零件傳來(lái)的力可能會(huì)使軸產(chǎn)生彎曲變形。因此，軸應(yīng)該有力可能會(huì)使軸產(chǎn)生彎曲變形。因此，軸應(yīng)該有足夠的剛度以防止支撐軸承受力過(guò)大。足夠的剛度以防止支撐軸承受力過(guò)大。4/14/202414機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程For sizes above 5 in.,shafts are forged and machined to size.當(dāng)軸的直徑大于當(dāng)軸的直徑大于5英寸時(shí)，則采用鍛造毛坯，然后英寸時(shí)，則采用鍛造毛坯，然后機(jī)械加工到所需尺寸。機(jī)械加工到所需尺寸。4/14/202415機(jī)
16、械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程4.Plastic shafts are widely used for light load applications.One advantage of using plastic is safety in electrical applications,since plastic is a poor conductor of electricity.輕載時(shí)，廣泛參與塑料軸。由于塑料是輕載時(shí)，廣泛參與塑料軸。由于塑料是電的不良導(dǎo)體，在電器中采用塑料比較電的不良導(dǎo)體，在電器中采用塑料比較安全。安全。4/14/202416機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程5.Components such
17、as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key.The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated.For example,stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways,and the material removed to form the keyway further weakens the shaft.齒輪和帶輪等零件通過(guò)鍵聯(lián)接在軸
18、上。在對(duì)鍵及軸上與之相齒輪和帶輪等零件通過(guò)鍵聯(lián)接在軸上。在對(duì)鍵及軸上與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的鍵槽的設(shè)計(jì)中，必須進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的計(jì)算。例如，軸上的對(duì)應(yīng)的鍵槽的設(shè)計(jì)中，必須進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的計(jì)算。例如，軸上的鍵槽會(huì)引起應(yīng)力集中，由于鍵槽的存在會(huì)使軸的橫截面積減鍵槽會(huì)引起應(yīng)力集中，由于鍵槽的存在會(huì)使軸的橫截面積減小，會(huì)進(jìn)一步減弱軸的強(qiáng)度。小，會(huì)進(jìn)一步減弱軸的強(qiáng)度。4/14/202417機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程6.As a general rule of thumb,the difference between the operating speed and the critical speed should be at leas
19、t 20 percent.一般憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)，工作速度與臨界速度一般憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)，工作速度與臨界速度之間至少應(yīng)相差之間至少應(yīng)相差20%。4/14/202418機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程Another important aspect of shaft design is the method of directly connecting one shaft to another.This is accomplished by devices such as rigid and flexible couplings.軸的設(shè)計(jì)工作的另一個(gè)重要方面是一根軸的設(shè)計(jì)工作的另一個(gè)重要方面是一根軸與另一根軸的直接連接方
20、法。這是由軸與另一根軸的直接連接方法。這是由剛性或者彈性聯(lián)軸器實(shí)現(xiàn)的。剛性或者彈性聯(lián)軸器實(shí)現(xiàn)的。4/14/202419機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程7.A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts.In machine construction,couplings are used to effect a semipermanent connection between adjacent rotating shafts.聯(lián)軸器是把相鄰的兩個(gè)軸端連接起來(lái)的裝置。在聯(lián)軸器是把相鄰的兩個(gè)軸端連接起來(lái)的裝置。在機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)中，聯(lián)軸
21、器被用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)相鄰的兩根轉(zhuǎn)軸機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)中，聯(lián)軸器被用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)相鄰的兩根轉(zhuǎn)軸之間半永久性連接。之間半永久性連接。4/14/202420機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程8.The connection is permanent in the sense that it is not meant to be broken during the useful life of the machine,but it can be broken and restored in an emergency or when worn parts are replaced.在機(jī)器的正常使用期間，這種連接一般不必拆開，在機(jī)器的正常使用
22、期間，這種連接一般不必拆開，在這種意義上，可以說(shuō)聯(lián)軸器的連接是永久性的。在這種意義上，可以說(shuō)聯(lián)軸器的連接是永久性的。但在緊急情況下，或者在需要更換已磨損的零件但在緊急情況下，或者在需要更換已磨損的零件時(shí)，可以先把聯(lián)軸器拆開，然后再連接上。時(shí)，可以先把聯(lián)軸器拆開，然后再連接上。4/14/202421機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程9.There are several types of shaft couplings,their characteristics depend on the purpose for which they are used.If an exceptionally long sha
23、ft is required in a manufacturing plant or a propeller shaft on a ship,it is made in sections that are coupled together with rigid couplings.聯(lián)軸器有幾種類型，它們的特性有用途而定。聯(lián)軸器有幾種類型，它們的特性有用途而定。如果制造工廠中或者船舶的螺旋槳需要一根特如果制造工廠中或者船舶的螺旋槳需要一根特別長(zhǎng)的軸，可以采用分段的方式將其制造出來(lái)，別長(zhǎng)的軸，可以采用分段的方式將其制造出來(lái)，然后采用剛性聯(lián)軸器將各段連接起來(lái)。然后采用剛性聯(lián)軸器將各段連接起來(lái)。4/1
24、4/202422機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程A common type of rigid coupling consists of two mating radial flanges(disks)that are attached by key-driven hubs to the ends of adjacent shaft sections and bolted together through the flanges to from a rigid connection.一種常用的聯(lián)軸器是由兩個(gè)配對(duì)的法蘭（盤）一種常用的聯(lián)軸器是由兩個(gè)配對(duì)的法蘭（盤）組成，這兩個(gè)法蘭盤借助靠鍵傳動(dòng)的軸套連組成，這
25、兩個(gè)法蘭盤借助靠鍵傳動(dòng)的軸套連接到相鄰兩節(jié)軸的兩端，然后用螺栓穿過(guò)法接到相鄰兩節(jié)軸的兩端，然后用螺栓穿過(guò)法蘭連接起來(lái)形成剛性接頭。蘭連接起來(lái)形成剛性接頭。4/14/202423機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程4/14/202424機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程10.In connecting shafts belonging to separate devices(such as an electric motor and a gearbox),precise aligning of the shafts is difficult and a flexible coupling is used.在把屬于不同的設(shè)備在
26、把屬于不同的設(shè)備(例如一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)和一個(gè)變速箱例如一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)和一個(gè)變速箱)的軸聯(lián)接起來(lái)的時(shí)候，要把這些軸精確地對(duì)準(zhǔn)是比較的軸聯(lián)接起來(lái)的時(shí)候，要把這些軸精確地對(duì)準(zhǔn)是比較困難的，此時(shí)可以采用彈性聯(lián)軸器。困難的，此時(shí)可以采用彈性聯(lián)軸器。This coupling connects the shafts in such a way as to minimize the harmful effects of shaft misalignment.這種聯(lián)軸器聯(lián)接軸的方式可以把由于被聯(lián)接的軸之間這種聯(lián)軸器聯(lián)接軸的方式可以把由于被聯(lián)接的軸之間的軸線的不重合所造成的有害影響減少到最低程度。的軸線的不重合所造成的有
27、害影響減少到最低程度。4/14/202425機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程11.Flexible couplings also permit the shafts to deflect under their separate systems of loads and to move freely(float)in the axial direction without interfering with one another.Flexible couplings can also serve to reduce the intensity of shock loads and vibrations transmitted from one shaft to another.彈性聯(lián)軸器也允許被聯(lián)接的軸在它們各自的載荷系彈性聯(lián)軸器也允許被聯(lián)接的軸在它們各自的載荷系統(tǒng)作用下產(chǎn)生偏斜或在軸線方向自由移動(dòng)統(tǒng)作用下產(chǎn)生偏斜或在軸線方向自由移動(dòng)(浮動(dòng)浮動(dòng))而而不至于產(chǎn)生相互干擾。彈性聯(lián)軸器也可以用來(lái)減輕不至于產(chǎn)生相互干擾。彈性聯(lián)軸器也可以用來(lái)減輕從一根軸傳到另一根軸上的沖擊載荷和振動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度。從一根軸傳到另一根軸上的沖擊載荷和振動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度。機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程4/14/2024264/14/202426機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程4/14/202427
Lesson-5-機(jī)械英語(yǔ)
