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1、Part I. BiographyPart II. Major Works and Awards Part IV. A Brief Analysis of Beloved Part III. Writing Features Part I. Biograph of Toni MorrisonToni Morrison (1931 ) 19311949 1953 1955 1957 1958 1964 1970 1973 1977 1987 1993 1996Toni Morrisons Time Table Toni Morrison born February 18, 1931 in Lor
2、ain, Ohio grandfather was born a slave her family lost their land and were forced to work in the mines and mills of the industrialized North Lorain, Ohio 1949-1955 attended Howard University in 1949 received a B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) In English from Howard in 1953 earned a Master of Arts degree from
3、 Cornell University in 1955 became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955. returned to Howard to teach English in 1957. became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.1955-1957 got married in 1958 got divorced in 1964 and moved to New York, working as an editor. b
4、egan her writing career.1964-a turning point of Morrison became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955. returned to Howard to teach English in 1957. became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.1955-1957 Writing Career In 1993, Morrison was awarded the Nobel Pri
5、ze in literature. “Toni Morrison, who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic inport, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.”1993 The National Endowment for the Humanities selected Morrison for the Jefferson Lecture. “Time, it seems, has no future.” be honored with the
6、1996 National Book Foundations Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.1996 In 1984, she was appointed to an Albert Schweitzer chair. From 19892006, she held the Rober F.Goheen Chair at Princeton University. In June 2005, she was awarded as an honorary Doctor of Letters degree.Later
7、Life Part II. Major Works and Awards Novels 1970 The Bluest Eye 最藍(lán)的眼睛 1973 Sula 秀拉 1977 Song of Solomon 所羅門之歌 1981 Tar Baby 柏油孩子、黑寶貝 1988 Beloved 寵兒 1992 Jazz 爵士樂(lè) 1999 Paradise天堂、樂(lè)園 1993 Love 愛(ài) 2008 A Mercy恩惠 Non-fictions Remember : The Journey to School Integration The Black Book Birth of a Nationh
8、ood What Moves at the Margin Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power :Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality Play in the Dark : Whiteness and the Literary Imagination Childrens literatureThe Book of Mean People (2002)The Big Box (1999)Plays Dreaming of Emmett (198
9、6)Libretto(歌劇腳本)Margaret Garner (first performed May 2005)Other works The Bluest Eye A novel based on elements of Morrisons own experience, contrasts two black families: the dysfunctional(不正常的) breedloves and the healthy, loving McTeers. Sula Sula portrays two black women who choose different paths
10、in life. Song of Solomon Flight as a Means of Escape Abandoned Women The Alienating Effects of Racism Tar Baby A novel about contentions and conflicts based on learned biases and prejudices. These biases exist on a race level, gender level, and a class level. Beloved Morrisons best novel and won her
11、 the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction（ 普利策小說(shuō)獎(jiǎng)）. Awards 1977 National Book Critics Circle Award for Song of Solomon 1977 American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award 1987-88 Robert F. Kennedy Book Award 1988 American Book Award for Beloved 1988 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations for Be
12、loved 1988 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for Beloved 1989 MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature1993 Nobel Prize for Literature 1993 Commander of the Arts and Letters, Paris 1994 Condorcet Medal, Paris 1994 Pearl Buck Award Awards 1994 Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature 1996 Jefferson Lecture 1996 Nation
13、al Book Foundations Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters 2000 National Humanities Medal UUA:Frederic G. Melcher Book AwardAwards Part III. Writing features by 唐 光 麗1. Powerful fictional style 2. Provocative themes 3. Sophisticated narrative techniques 4. Poetic style Writing featu
14、res1.Powerful fictional style In beloved, Paul D, fellow slave from Kentucky comes to live with them. She eventually takes over the household, feeding on Sethes memories and explanations to gain strength. Beloved nearly destroyed her mother until the community of former slave women who have ostraciz
15、ed Sethe and Denver since the murder join together to exorcise Beloved at last. Writing features2. Provocative themesA. Strong feeling of feminist consciousness and nationalism. eg, the bluest eye Sula BelovedB. Describe mainly the impression of black women who are oppressed by race and gender. eg,
16、the protagonist of beloved Sethe Writing features In her novel the bluest eye and Sula, Morrison expesses his strong feeling of feminist consciousness and nationalism; meanwhile, its also reveal the distort character of black people, for example, Pecola in the bluest eye surmised that the reason she
17、 was abused at home and ridiculed at school was her black skin, which was equated with ugliness. She imagined that everything would be all right if she had blue eyes and blond hair. Writing featuresC. Integrate the past and present life of African Aericans to show the distort of colonial system, rac
18、ial discrimination and dissimination of black peoples life. D. appeal to find the lost culture and rebulid the nationalism. Writing features In sula,she is the pariah of her hometown With the discovery at the age of 12 that she and her friend Nel Wright were neither white nor male, and that all free
19、dom and triumph was forbidden to them, life evolved into an unlimited experiment. Not bound by any social codes, Sula was first thought to be unusual, then outrageous, and eventually evil Writing features In song of solomon, Morrison expresses her nationalism .The Milkmans Macon odyssey became a kin
20、d of cultural epic for all African-American people; it mapped in symbolic fashion the heritage of a people, from a mythic African past, through a heritage obscured by slavery, to a present built upon questioned values. Part IV. A Brief Analysis of Beloved Background Characters and Plot Writing featu
21、res Themes Reflection 用 殺 死 自 己 親 生 嬰 兒 來(lái) 拯 救 孩 子 的 “ 瘋 狂 ” 的 黑 人 母 親 變 成 鬼 魂 不 斷 侵 擾 親 人 的 黑 人 嬰 兒 致 人 瘋 狂 的 美 國(guó) 種 族 主 義 的 夢(mèng) 魘 1. Archetype: the true story of Margaret Garner, a fugtive slave, from The Black Book （ 黑人之書 ）.2. History: Beloved straddles (游離) the line between fiction and history; from
22、 an experience of a single family, she creates a powerful commentary on the psychological and historical legacy of slavery.3. Style: affected by such modernist masters as Faulkner or Joyce. 1.Sethe(塞絲) the protagonist of Beloved, a proud and independent woman who is extremely devoted to her children
23、 and attempts to murder them in an act of motherly love and protection. 2.Denver(丹芙) Sethes youngest child, the dynamic character in the novel. She overcomes her fear of the world and starts to fight for independence and self-possession . 3. Paul D (保羅.D) A former slave from Sweet H ome who survived
24、 the horrors of slavery and has evolved into a resourceful, contemplative man. H e challenges Sethe to try to make a future with him. 4. Baby Suggs (貝比.薩格斯） Sethes mother-in-law. Baby becomes a preacher after H alle buys her freedom, and she provides a stabilizing force for Sethe and Denver. 5.Belov
25、ed(寵兒) Sethes third child and oldest daughter who was killed at the age of two. H er restless spirit haunts the family first as a ghost and then as a flesh-and-blood woman. Beginning: 1848, Sweet H ome “Sweet Home” Sethe, Halle Suggs, Paul D, Paul A, Paul F,SixoMr. Garner I shall not answer you ”心理和
26、社會(huì)意識(shí)的 覺(jué)醒賦于挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威的力量 The awakening(覺(jué)醒)-Edna(埃德娜)平淡無(wú)奇壓抑孤寂裸體自殺 只為涅槃重生肉體解放 催生深沉思索 邂逅愛(ài)情挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威女 性 角 色 對(duì) 比 She cast the unpleasant, pricking garment from her, and for the first time in her life she stood naked in the open air, at the mercy of the sun, the breeze that beat upon her, and the waves that invited h
27、er. How strange and awful it seemed to stand naked under the sky! How delicious! She felt like some new-born creature, opening its eyes in a familiar world that it had never known. She didnt look back now, but went on and on, thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she had traversed when a little chi
28、ld ,believing that it had no beginning and end. “過(guò) 去 的 日 子 就 像 在 做 夢(mèng) 一 般 但 愿 可 以 沉 睡不 醒 ， 醒 來(lái) 卻 發(fā) 現(xiàn) 啊 ， 也 好 ， 或 許 醒 來(lái) 終究 是 比 較 好 的 ， 即 使 受 苦 ， 也 總 比 一 生 都被 幻 象 所 蒙 蔽 來(lái) 得 好 ” （ 臨死前的宣言）覺(jué)醒的最終意義：寧可醒來(lái)后付出生命的代價(jià)也不愿再懵懂地生活下去 Beloved (寵兒) Sethe (塞絲) 塞絲”非洲文化中的男性神，一般人身，一半鳥身。剛強(qiáng)毅力和自由的代表，希望與自由的化身 女性角色對(duì)比 Edna VS Set
29、hebackground destinythe theme 2. Racialism 她 的 筆 觸 超 越 了 憤 怒 ， 也 不 再 “ 控 訴 ” ，而 是 以 一 種 斬 釘 截 鐵 的 痛 切 陳 述 一 個(gè) 黑 奴（ 或 解 放 了 的 黑 奴 ） 在 世 界 上 的 根 本 處 境 ：“ 任 何 一 個(gè) 白 人 ， 都 能 因 為 他 腦 子 里 突 然 閃過(guò) 的 一 個(gè) 什 么 念 頭 ， 而 奪 走 你 的 整 個(gè) 自 我 。不 止 是 奴 役 、 殺 戮 或 者 殘 害 你 ， 還 要 玷 污 你 。玷 污 得 如 此 徹 底 ， 讓 你 都 不 可 能 再 喜 歡 你 自
30、己 。 玷 污 得 如 此 徹 底 ， 能 讓 你 忘 了 自 己 是 誰(shuí) ，而 且 再 也 不 能 回 想 起 來(lái) Racialism Amnisia to historyConnotation of Beloved National amnisia “小說(shuō)中的人物不愿回憶，我不愿回憶，黑人不愿回憶，白人不愿回憶，我是說(shuō)，這是全民族的記憶缺失癥” “我們生活的美國(guó)是一個(gè)過(guò)去總是被抹去、將來(lái)總是清白無(wú)辜的地方，其間盡管移民們來(lái)來(lái)往往，但是美國(guó)歷史總是清清爽爽的。過(guò)去不在場(chǎng)、或者被浪漫化。這個(gè)文化不鼓勵(lì)評(píng)述過(guò)去的真相，更不會(huì)接受關(guān)于過(guò)去的真相。與30年前相比，現(xiàn)在記憶處于更加危險(xiǎn)的境地?！?Th
31、e torment of the history and devastating slaveryFear for the past Avoid encountering with the pastOverwhelming by the past 寵兒女兒的幽靈過(guò)去到完整，分裂到完整的橋梁慘痛的歷史記憶歷史現(xiàn)實(shí)中的不平等與苦難災(zāi)難中的黑人化身災(zāi)難中的黑人化身 寵兒是整個(gè)美國(guó)白人社會(huì)的“他者”，提醒著白人：黑奴制是不容回避的一部分，它的作用已超越了恢復(fù)黑人記憶的范疇，也號(hào)召黑人應(yīng)克服自身的狹隘性和局限性，使黑人社區(qū)成為黑人名副其實(shí)的精神樂(lè)園，為解放黑人指明了一條出路 vs傳統(tǒng)的反奴隸制作品寵兒進(jìn)行表層抗議倡導(dǎo)種族道義弘揚(yáng)文化與生命的價(jià)值意義對(duì)歷史文化的重新整合尋求自我歷程和重構(gòu)黑人民族意識(shí)才能幫助走出陰影，成為自由人人類立場(chǎng) 1987年 一 經(jīng) 出 版 ， 立 刻 震 驚 美國(guó) 文 壇 ， 評(píng) 論 界 譽(yù) 為 “ 美 國(guó) 文學(xué) 史 上 的 里 程 碑 ” 。 1988年 ， 獲 美 國(guó) 普 利 策 圖 書 獎(jiǎng) 。 1993年 ， 作 者 莫 里 森 獲 諾 貝 爾文 學(xué) 獎(jiǎng) 。 1998年 ， 寵 兒 被 搬 上 銀 幕 ，由 著 名 電 視 主 持 人 奧 普 拉 溫 芙蕾 飾 演 塞 斯 。
Toni Morrison托尼莫里森
