人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 2教育機(jī)構(gòu)講義

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1、人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè) Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及單元測試卷（附答案） 【教材內(nèi)容解析】 Section A 1. You could help to clean up the city parks. (P. 9) (1) ① help sb. with sth. 幫助某人某事 Can you help me with my homework? ② help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事 He often helps his mother clean do housework.

2、(2) clean up意為“打掃干凈” Nancy, please clean up your room. 2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. (P. 9) cheer up意為“使開心”，代詞用作賓語時(shí)，要當(dāng)在cheer和up之間。 Cheer up! Everything will be OK. 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9) give out意為“分發(fā)、散發(fā)”，相當(dāng)于hand out。

3、Here are some toys. Please give them out to the children. 4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9) volunteer用作動(dòng)詞，表示“義務(wù)做、自愿做”，后接不定式作賓語，volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”。 Tom volunteered to help us. 5. Let’s make some notices, too. (P. 10) also, too, as well與ei

4、ther都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。 also 放在句中行為動(dòng)詞前，be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。 He also wants to go. too 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗號(hào)隔開。 He wants to go, either. as well 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗號(hào)隔開。 He wants to go as well. either 用于否定句句末。 He doesn’t want to go either 6. We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day.

5、 (P. 10) come up with表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。 Maybe she can come up with a good idea. 7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? (P. 10) help out意為“幫忙分擔(dān)、幫……一把”。 Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. 8. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. (P. 10) 辨析：be /get used to

6、 doing sth., used to do sth.與be used to do sth. be /get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事 His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. used to do sth. 過去經(jīng)常做某事 The boy used to play computer games. be used to do sth. 被用來做某事 More and more wood is used to make paper. 9. Yeah, a lot of old pe

7、ople are lonely. (P. 10) lonely作形容詞表示“孤獨(dú)的、荒涼的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞，作形容詞時(shí)只能作表語，不能作定語。 He feels lonely at home himself. It is a lonely mountain. His grandfather was alone. Mr Smith lives alone. 10. We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10) care for意為“照顧、照料”，后接名詞或者代詞作賓語，相當(dāng)于look afte

8、r或者take care of。 She cares for her little brother after school. 11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces. (P. 11) such用作形容詞，表示“這樣、如此”，用來修飾名詞，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。 It’s such a nice day. I hope to have su

9、ch delicious food every day. 12. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P. 11) at the age of表示“在……歲時(shí)”，表示年齡。 He started school at the age of six. 13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11) try out for意為“參加……選拔、爭取成為……”。 Many boys tried out

10、 for the football team. 14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. (P. 12) at the same time意為“同時(shí)”。 You can not do your homework and watch TV at the same time. 15. Our class is trying to...(P. 12) ① try to do sth. “盡力做某事” The doctor tries to save the sick girl. ② try doin

11、g sth. “嘗試做某事” The boy tried playing the piano. Section B 1. I take after my mother. (P. 13) take after意為“長得像”。 Mary takes after her father. 2. I fixed it up. (P. 13) fix up意為“修理”，代詞作賓語時(shí)，放在fix和up中間。 My computer doesn’t work. Can you fix it up for me? 3. I gave it away. (P. 13) give away意為“

12、捐贈(zèng)、贈(zèng)送”，還可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。 My sister gave away her toys to the poor children. Don’t give away the secret. 4. I’m similar to her. (P. 13) be similar to意為“與……相似”，be similar in“在……方面類似”。 Her ideas are similar to mine. The twins are similar in appearances. 5. I didn’t keep it. (P. 13) ① keep sth. 保留某

13、物 You can keep the book until the next weekend. ② keep doing sth. 一直做某事 The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison. ③ keep+adj. 保持…… The girl eats a little to keep slim. ④ keep sb./sth.+adj./介詞短語 保持某人/某物…… We should keep the window open while we are asleep. My mothe

14、r keeps the vegetables in the fridge. ⑤ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事 The mother kept the baby crying on the bed. 6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14) write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “給某人寫信” He is writing (a letter) to his parents. 7. You helped to make it possible f

15、or me to have Lucky. (P. 14) 有些動(dòng)詞后面接復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語則由動(dòng)詞不定式來擔(dān)當(dāng)，并位于賓語補(bǔ)足語之后。常見的這樣的動(dòng)詞有find，think，feel，make等。 I find it interesting to play computer games We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. 8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14) make a difference to意為“對(duì)

16、……有影響、對(duì)……起作用”，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 Changing schools made a difference to my life. The rain made no difference to the game. 9. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14) imagine表示“想象”時(shí)，后常接動(dòng)名詞或者從句作賓語。 He often imagines having a big house. You can’t imagine how fast the player ran. 1

17、0. I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14) bring表示“帶來”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從別的地方帶到說話的地方，常與副詞here連用；take表示“帶走”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從說話的地方帶去別的地方，常與副詞there連用；carry表示“搬、抬”，沒有方向性。 The students brought their homework to sc

18、hool in the morning and take them home after school. 11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14) train用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“訓(xùn)練、培訓(xùn)”，train sb./sth. to do sth.“訓(xùn)練某人/某物做某事”。 They train the dogs to keep the door. 12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers,

19、 I was able to bring him home. (P. 14) be able to意為“能，會(huì)”，表示能力，與can同義。 In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers. 【拓展】辨析：be able to與can be able to強(qiáng)調(diào)通過努力而獲得的能力，而can強(qiáng)調(diào)自身已具有的能力。 She can sing the song in English. He will be able to sing this song in English,

20、too. 【重點(diǎn)短語和句型歸納】 重點(diǎn)短語 1. Clean-Up Day 清潔日 2. an old people’s home 養(yǎng)老院 3. help out with sth. 幫助解決困難 4. used to 曾經(jīng)……；過去…… 5. care for 關(guān)心；照顧 6. the look of joy 快樂的表情 7. at the age of 在……歲時(shí) 8. clean up 打掃(或清除)干凈 9. cheer up (使)變得更高興；振奮起來 10. give out 分發(fā)；散發(fā) 11. come up with 想出；提出 12. make a

21、 plan 制訂計(jì)劃 13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 試用；試行 15. work for 為……工作；為……效力 16. put up 建造；舉起；張貼 17. hand out 分發(fā)；散發(fā)；發(fā)給 18. call up 打電話；召集 19. put off 推遲；延遲 20. for example 比如；例如 21. raise money 籌錢；募捐 22. take after 與……相像；像 23. give away 贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng) 24. fix up 修理；修補(bǔ)；解決 25. be similar to 與

22、……相似 26. set up 建立；設(shè)立 27. disabled people 殘疾人 28. make a difference 影響；有作用 29. be able to 能夠 30. after-school reading program 課外閱讀項(xiàng)目 重點(diǎn)句型 1. 制訂計(jì)劃做某事make plans to do sth. 2. 要求某人(不要)做某事ask sb. (not) to do sth. 3. 過去常常做某事 used to do sth. 4. 決定做某事 decide to do sth. 5. 有……感覺 get a fe

23、eling of… 6. 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響make a difference to 7. 自愿花時(shí)間某事 volunteer one’s time to do sth. 8. 放棄時(shí)間去做某事 give up +時(shí)間+ to do sth. 9 使得做某事對(duì)某人來說是可能的 make it possible for sb. to do sth. 【語法講解】 動(dòng)詞不定式 A. 作主語——為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes

24、sb. some time to do sth. B. 作賓語——?jiǎng)釉~want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare?常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。 C. 作（后置）定語——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。 D. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成tell/ask/want /call/i

25、nvite sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。 【注意】動(dòng)詞不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)應(yīng)省去to：“一感(feel)，二聽(listen to, hear)，三讓(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help)”。 E. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語 主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “為了，目的是”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 F. 固定句式中動(dòng)詞不定式的

26、用法 常見的形式有： had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。 【單元測試卷】 單項(xiàng)選擇(每小題1分， 共15分) 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇可以填入空白處的最佳答案。 ( )21. Changing schools made a big difference ______ his life. A. on B. at C. to D. for ( )22. Mary’s uncle made ______ p

27、ossible for her to travel around the world. A. it B. that C. this D. one ( )23. The girl is ______, so she needs a guide dog to help her. A. sick B. blind C. tired D. sad ( )24. My friend Tom volunteered ______ in the countryside two years ago. A. to work B. work C. working D. works

28、( )25. —Excuse me, I ______ find my hotel. —You could ask the policeman. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ( )26. She used to ______ a bike to school, but now she is used to ______ to school. A. ride; walk B. riding; walking C. riding; walk D. ride; walking ( )27. He is very ____

29、__, so he can carry the heavy box. A. clever B. strong C. quiet D. excited ( )28. —Who is the ______ of the house? —Mr. Black. He bought it last year. A. passenger B. guest C. visitor D. owner ( )29. ______ vacations by the sea is Dale’s dream. A. Spend B. Spending C. Spends D. Spent

30、 ( )30. They often help ______ sick children in the children’s hospital. A. cheer up B. clean up C. set up D. make up ( )31. My cousin has difficulty ______ English newspapers. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read ( )32. My computer doesn’t work. Could you help ______ it? A. repair B. bu

31、y C. raise D. open ( )33. How nice these pictures are! Please _______ on the wall. A. put it up B. put up it C. put up them D. put them up ( )34. I can help my mother do some things like ______ the rooms. A. cleans B. cleaning C. clean D. to clean ( )35. —We shouldn’t read in the sun.

32、 —______. It’s bad for our eyes. A. Sorry to hear that B. That sounds great C. You’re right D. I don’t think so Ⅵ. 完形填空(每小題1分，共10分) 先通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。 易讀度★★☆☆☆ A few months ago, I learned that the city food bank needed some volunteers. I used to be the 36 in my gr

33、oup of friends. So, I sent letters to 10 friends. I’d like to 37 a group that would volunteer to make and serve dinner for the disabled people. I wanted to 38 my friends to be part of the group. Almost all of my friends 39 . One day, several of my friends brought some food and helped prepare the 4

34、0 . “I got such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I saw the 41 people get the food!” said one friend. Later, another friend made a list (清單) about serving, 42 we could do quickly and easily. Now each month there are new faces that join the group. One woman 43 invited another group of her friends

35、 to serve. It’s hard to imagine that simple 44 asking friends to help have made a great difference. At first, I just wanted to be an organizer. Now, I 45 my idea. I also love to work as a volunteer, because I can get more joy from the happy faces of the disabled people. ( )36. A. volunteer B. org

36、anizer C. singer D. nurse ( )37. A. set up B. cheer up C. give up D. clean up ( )38. A. take B. move C. invite D. teach ( )39. A. refused B. agreed C. stayed D. left ( )40. A. training B. journey C. party D. meal ( )41. A. disabled B. strong

37、 C. clever D. kind ( )42. A. but B. so C. because D. or ( )43. A. still B. hardly C. only D. even ( )44. A. words B. visits C. letters D. e-mails ( )45. A. keep B. get C. change D. open Ⅶ. 閱讀理解 (每小題2分，共20分) A Ann wanted to

38、 play in the city orchestra (管弦樂隊(duì)), but she was nervous (緊張的). She thought it might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous, and she could hardly breathe. After a few rehearsals (排練), she could comfortably play along with everyone else. She found that there was no reason to be nervous and

39、 began to enjoy herself. In rehearsals, Ann became friends with Danny. Danny sat next to her and always helped her. Ann often asked him questions about music. Danny’s parents were musicians. They started teaching Danny music when he was only five years old. Ann couldn’t imagine playing the violin a

40、t that age. Ann’s another friend in the orchestra was Marie. After rehearsal, Marie would tell Ann funny stories. Though Marie was much older than Ann, the two became good friends. The orchestra was rehearsing music for a concert. Ann invited some of her friends at school to come. Though they didn

41、’t understand music, they promised to come. They all liked Ann and wanted to cheer her. Ann’s family also planned to go to the concert. Ann looked forward to the event, and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert. On the night of the concert, Ann was excited. Danny and Marie both to

42、ld her that the concert would be fun. Ann knew that she would enjoy it. The conductor (指揮) Mike was nervous. Ann was surprised because she knew that he conducted many big concerts all over the world. After the concert was over, the conductor seemed happy. He said the orchestra gave a fine performanc

43、e. 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。 ( )46. From the first paragraph we can learn that Ann _____. A. didn’t want to learn music B. was excited to try new things C. thought there was no reason to be nervous D. wasn’t interested in playing in the orchestra ( )47. Ann made _____ friends in the orchestra. A. 2 B.

44、3 C. 4 D. 5 ( )48. Some of Ann’s friends promised to come to the concert because _____. A. they enjoyed the music B. they wanted to cheer her C. they wanted to learn to play D. they wanted to make new friends ( )49. How did Ann feel on the night of the concert? A. Excited. B. Tired. C.

45、Nervous. D. Sad. ( )50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Ann’s parents were musicians. B. Marie was two years older than Ann. C. Danny started playing the piano at age 5. D. Mike had much experience in conducting concerts. B Here are some ideas for you on how to h

46、elp others through volunteering. (51) _____ When people get older, it becomes harder to do many things, from walking to the store to doing the housework. Old people living alone can also feel lonely. As a volunteer, you can do a lot to help the old in your neighborhood. You could visit them and he

47、lp them with their housework. (52) _____ Many people with disabilities need help. You could volunteer to read books to the blind or deliver (遞送) something for people who can’t get around too well. (53) _____ There are lots of volunteer jobs to do in hospitals and health care centers. As a volun

48、teer, you can make beds, deliver flowers and gifts, help serve meals, and do lots of other important jobs. (54) _____ Some families don’t have enough money to buy food and clothes for their kids. Some people don’t have place to live at all. To help these people as a volunteer, you can give clothes

49、, food or money to, or raise money for, a charity (慈善機(jī)構(gòu)). (55) _____ Sometimes people need more help when the holidays come. Holidays are happy, but for people who are alone or unlucky, they can be a lonely, hard time. As a volunteer, you can deliver holiday dinners to less lucky people, visit the

50、 lonely old people and serve food to the homeless. 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從A—E中選出與各段落相對(duì)應(yīng)的標(biāo)題，并將其標(biāo)號(hào)填寫在下面題號(hào)后的橫線上。 A. Helping poor families B. Helping the disabled C. Helping during holidays D. Helping your old neighbors E. Doing the hospital work 51. ____ 52. ____ 53. ____ 54. ____ 55. ____ Ⅷ. 情景交際 (每小題1分，共10

51、分) 根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示，補(bǔ)全所缺單詞(含縮略形式)，使對(duì)話完整、通順。 A: Hello, can I help you? B: Yes, please. I’d like to b (56) a volunteer. A: What k (57) of volunteer work would you like to do? B: Any work is OK. A: Oh, we need someone t (58) help teach kids basketball. B: Sorry, I can’t play basketball. Is there

52、 anything e (59)? A: There is a job —cleaning up the parks. It’s every Sunday. B: That’s n (60) good. I have to help look after my grandmother on Sundays. A: Oh, I see. Here is another job. Do you know h (61) to repair bicycles? B: Sorry. I c (62) even repair my own bicycle. A: OK. M (63) this

53、is a good one. Would you like to read to sick people in the hospital? You can d (64) it any day you like. B: That sounds good. W (65) could I start? A: How about today? B: OK, no problem! Ⅸ. 詞匯運(yùn)用 (每小題0.5分，共5分) A)根據(jù)句意及所給漢語提示，寫出句中所缺單詞。 66. We are making some (通知) for Clean-Up Day. 67. She is (聾

54、的). She can’t hear anything. 68. At last, I (理解) what she said. 69. We should help (有殘疾的) people. 70. They had to (扛) their boxes to the village. B)根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 71. Don’t hurt others’ (feel). It’s not good. 72. The car has six (wheel). It’s very interesting. 73. You can’t (imagine) h

55、ow I missed the bird. 74. After ten days of (train), now I can drive a car. 75. I got out of trouble because of your (kind). Ⅹ. 完成句子 (每小題2分，共10分) 根據(jù)各題后括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求完成下列各題，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。 76. Susan would like to help her friend out. (改為一般疑問句) ________ Susan ________ to help her friend out? 77. Jet help

56、ed give out food at the food bank. (改為一般疑問句) ________ Jet ________ give out food at the food bank? 78. My grandfather used to walk a dog after dinner. (改為否定句) My grandfather ________ ________ to walk a dog after dinner. 79. I hope you can repair my blender in time. (改為同義句) I hope you can ______

57、__ ________ my blender in time. 80. You could help buy some flowers. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) ________ could I ________? Ⅺ. 綜合填空 (每小題1分，共10分) 閱讀短文，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每詞限用一次，其中有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。 week, he, what, idea, why, refuse, dog, daughter, start, do, hope, read Jennifer and her sister Katie learned i

58、n Sunday School how they should care about others. This gave them a great idea! “Let’s (81)________ a new club at school. We can call it THE CARE CLUB!” said Katie. “CARE means Caring and Respecting (尊重) Everybody.” Jennifer agreed it was a wonderful (82)________. Every night they planned (83)______

59、__ they would do the next day to show love to others. One day they helped a boy with (84)________ homework after school. Another day they stayed after school to help a little girl learn to (85)________. On the weekend they walked a neighbor’s (86)________ and even gave the dog a good shower. Katie

60、and Jennifer’s parents understand their (87)________ very well. They also love helping others and they are having so much fun (88)________ it. Later, the other kids at school (89)________ to join the club. So Katie and Jennifer opened the club up to new members (成員). Every new member had to promise

61、 to show love to others. They had (90)________ meetings and planned who they would help and how they would do it. Everyone pitched in (出) some money each week so they could buy flowers or cards for sick people to cheer them up. Ⅻ. 書面表達(dá) (15分) 假如你是魯冰，你們班將在3月份組織志愿者活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提示給你的美國筆友Tina寫一封電子郵件談?wù)勗撛碌幕?/p>

62、動(dòng)安排。 時(shí)間 活動(dòng) 3月4日 打掃火車站。 3月11日 去養(yǎng)老院洗衣服、打掃房間、表演節(jié)目。 3月18日 在人民公園附近修理自行車、收音機(jī)。 3月25日 去附近小學(xué)輔導(dǎo)孩子寫作業(yè)、給他們講故事。 參考詞匯： 表演節(jié)目 give performances 要求：1. 根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容進(jìn)行寫作，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮； 2. 80詞左右。電子郵件的格式和開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Tina, I’d like to tell you our class plans for volunteer work in March.