探析電子信息在工程造價(jià)管理中的應(yīng)用中英文翻譯

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1、 探析電子信息在工程造價(jià)管理中的應(yīng)用 中英文翻譯 English translation on the application of the electronic information in engineering cost management. 論文關(guān)鍵詞：電子信息　工程造價(jià)管理　應(yīng)用；現(xiàn)狀　前景 Keywords: electronic information engineering cost management application present situation; Prospect 　　論文摘要：本文描述了電子信息在工程造價(jià)管理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用、特點(diǎn)、現(xiàn)狀及分析

2、，重點(diǎn)提出了現(xiàn)階段我國信息技術(shù)在工程造價(jià)管理中的前景與展望。 Abstract: This paper describes the current situation and analysis of electronic information application, in the field of engineering cost management, the characteristics, focuses on the prospect of our countrys information technology at the present stage in engineeri

3、ng cost management. 　　以往,國內(nèi)媒體對信息化的報(bào)道多以微觀組織的應(yīng)用為主體,而一個(gè)行業(yè)的信息化應(yīng)用水平．信息化對于行業(yè)的作用力如何,卻是一個(gè)少有涉及的話題。從《IT經(jīng)理世界》創(chuàng)刊以來,就一直沒有停止過對中國信息化的關(guān)注．對CIO群體的關(guān)注,8年多來,積累了大量的個(gè)案。2002年以來,《IT經(jīng)理世界》和IDC中國每年都會(huì)進(jìn)行“中國優(yōu)秀CIO”評選,4年下來共選出162位優(yōu)秀CIO, 他們所在的組織幾乎都是不同行業(yè)信息化的最佳實(shí)踐者。通過對他們所在組織的分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)制造型企業(yè)數(shù)量最多(97 家),占總數(shù)的59．88％;其次是金融企業(yè)24家,占14．81％; 交通行業(yè)的企業(yè)

4、17家,占10．49％;零售企業(yè)5家,占3．0二十一世紀(jì)作為信息化的時(shí)代，計(jì)算機(jī)與信息技術(shù)的使用得到了快速的普及和發(fā)展。以信息技術(shù)作為基礎(chǔ)的信息管理，已成為企業(yè)等現(xiàn)代化管理的一種先進(jìn)的方式。最近幾年關(guān)于工程造價(jià)方面的軟件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)研究的成果，Internet技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)更是大大地提高了人們獲取信息的效率及信息資源的利用率，實(shí)現(xiàn)了全球信息資源的共享。IT在工程造價(jià)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。 The past, domestic media reported on the information on Application of microstructure as the main body, a

5、nd an industry informatization level. How information for industry force, but a few topics. From " IT manager world " since start publication, has not stopped the Chinese informatization attention. On the CIO communitys attention, for more than 8 years, the accumulation of a large number of cases. S

6、ince 2002, " the IT manager world " and IDC China every year " Chinese CIO " award, 4 years down to elect a total of 162 outstanding CIO, their organization is almost the best practitioners of different industry. Through the analysis of their organizations, we found that the largest number of manufa

7、cturing enterprises ( 97 ), accounting for 59.88% of the total; the second is the financial enterprises 24, accounting for 14.81%; the transportation industry 17 enterprises, accounting for 10.49%; retail enterprises 5, accounting for 3 of twenty-first Century as the era of information, the use of c

8、omputer and information technology the popularity and rapid development. Taking the information technology as the foundation information management, has become an advanced way of enterprise management. In recent years on the project cost of software and network technology research achievements, the

9、emergence of Internet technology is more greatly enhanced the efficiency of people access to information and information resource, realizes the share of global information resources. The application of IT in the field of engineering cost is more and more widely. 　　一、電子信息技術(shù)在工程造價(jià)管理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用： Application

10、, electronic information technology in the field of engineering cost management: 　　目前造價(jià)行業(yè)信息技術(shù)的運(yùn)用有幾個(gè)部分：以Internet/Intranet為內(nèi)部、外部和內(nèi)外通訊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺，通過實(shí)施辦公自動(dòng)化和運(yùn)用管理信息系統(tǒng)加強(qiáng)管理，提高辦公效率；采用工程量計(jì)算軟件、鋼筋軟件進(jìn)行工程量和鋼筋用量的計(jì)算，運(yùn)用套價(jià)軟件編制工程預(yù)決算；利用數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)建立指標(biāo)收集和分析系統(tǒng)，用于已完工程的積累；利用信息網(wǎng)發(fā)布和獲取信息，用于工程預(yù)決算的編制和造價(jià)管理。 At present, the use of cost i

11、nformation technology has several parts: Internet/Intranet for internal, external and internal and external communication network platform, through the implementation of office automation and strengthen the management of the application of the management information system, improve office efficiency

12、; calculation of engineering quantity and amount of reinforcement steel bar calculation software, software adopting engineering measure, using the software engineering. Budget and final accounts; the establishment of index collection and analysis system based on database technology, for the finished

13、 project accumulation; release and get information by information network, for the preparation of project budget and cost management. 　　二、工程造價(jià)管理在電子信息化時(shí)代的特點(diǎn)： Two, project cost management in the characteristic of the electronic information age: 　　社會(huì)的不斷進(jìn)步和發(fā)展，工程項(xiàng)目的規(guī)模擴(kuò)大，工程造價(jià)管理的數(shù)據(jù)處理量也越來越多。由此向工程造價(jià)管理工作提出

14、了挑戰(zhàn)，傳統(tǒng)的被動(dòng)式管理已無法滿足日趨復(fù)雜的工程項(xiàng)目的需要；工程造價(jià)信息對工程造價(jià)的確定和控制影響越來越大。要想做好相應(yīng)的管理和控制必然需要大量的信息作基礎(chǔ)，也只有在充分掌握和詳盡分析相關(guān)信息的前提下，實(shí)現(xiàn)工程造價(jià)的動(dòng)態(tài)控制才有可能；工程造價(jià)管理與有關(guān)的各方面政府主管部門之間的信息傳遞日趨增加，這也即意味著在管理上需作出相應(yīng)的信息化調(diào)整。 The progress and development of the society, the expansion of the scale of the project, the amount of data processing of enginee

15、ring cost management is also more and more. This presented a challenge to the project cost management, the traditional passive management has been unable to meet the needs of the project more and more complicated; engineering cost information to determine and control the effects of increasing the pr

16、oject cost. To do a good job in the management and control of the corresponding necessarily requires a lot of information as a basis, also only a detailed analysis of the relevant information on the full understanding and under, dynamic control of project cost is possible; between project cost manag

17、ement and related aspects of the government department in charge of information transfer is increasing, this also means that in management must make corresponding adjustment of information. 　三、電子信息在工程造價(jià)管理中的現(xiàn)狀及分析： Present situation and analysis of three, electronic information in engineering cost m

18、anagement: 　　隨著信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和其在建筑行業(yè)的推廣發(fā)展，我國信息技術(shù)在工程造價(jià)管理方面的應(yīng)用，主要表現(xiàn)為人們在制定定額、編制標(biāo)底、投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)、造價(jià)控制等方面已經(jīng)擺脫了手工勞動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電子化、信息化管理，且各類工程造價(jià)管理相關(guān)軟件的廣泛應(yīng)用就是最好的說明。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，我國出現(xiàn)了大批為工程造價(jià)及相關(guān)管理活動(dòng)提供信息和服務(wù)的網(wǎng)站。這些網(wǎng)站不同程度的提供了政策法規(guī)、理論文章，有些涉及項(xiàng)目信息、造價(jià)指標(biāo)和材料價(jià)格信息等，它們?yōu)檫M(jìn)一步建設(shè)全國規(guī)模的工程造價(jià)管理專項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了有益的嘗試，并取得了一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但從另一個(gè)方面來講，這些網(wǎng)站沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃，有些提供的信息不夠嚴(yán)

19、謹(jǐn)、內(nèi)容更新不及時(shí)，從專業(yè)角度來講，還屬于比較淺層的信息服務(wù)，難以滿足深層次造價(jià)管理工作的需要。我國造價(jià)管理體制是在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)模式下、以定額管理為基礎(chǔ)建立起來的，而且信息技術(shù)起步較晚，工程造價(jià)管理領(lǐng)域完全進(jìn)入市場經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行體制較遲，這樣在一定程度上影響了信息技術(shù)在工程造價(jià)管理中的應(yīng)用。一方面靜態(tài)的管理難以應(yīng)對變動(dòng)的市場，主要表現(xiàn)：靜態(tài)定額；解決方案和途徑的缺乏。另一方面滯后的數(shù)據(jù)收集與管理阻礙著工程造價(jià)動(dòng)態(tài)控制進(jìn)程，收集的數(shù)據(jù)得不到充分的利用，數(shù)據(jù)缺乏通用性。目前，我國正積極推行工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)方式，在此模式下，如何運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的信息技術(shù)進(jìn)行工程造價(jià)管理，正處在探索與發(fā)展階段，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用將

20、會(huì)推動(dòng)造價(jià)管理信息化的快速發(fā)展。 With the rapid development of information technology and the construction industry to promote the development of our country, the application of information technology in construction cost management, mainly for the people have to get rid of the manual labor in the formulation, pre

21、paration of quota, bidding quotation, cost control, realized the electronic, information management, widely used and the types of project cost management software is the best explanation. Entered in twenty-first Century, the development of Internet technology, China has a large number of engineering

22、 cost and related management activities to provide information and services on the web. These sites in different degree provides policies and regulations, theoretical articles, some involving project information, cost index and material price information, they made a beneficial attempt for project c

23、ost management of special system further construction nationwide, and achieved some experience. But on the other hand, the website does not have a unified planning, some information is not rigorous, content is not updated in a timely manner, from a professional perspective, is also relatively shallo

24、w information service, it is difficult to meet the need of deep cost management. Chinas cost management system is in the planned economy model, the quota management is established, and the information technology started relatively late, the field of project cost management, fully into the market eco

25、nomy system is relatively late, which affected application of information technology in management of engineering building price in a certain extent. Mainly a static management is difficult to cope with the changing market,: static quota; lack of solutions and approaches. Data collection and managem

26、ent lags behind on the other hand, impeding the project cost dynamic control process, the collected data are not fully utilized, the lack of universal data. At present, China is actively carrying out engineering quantity list valuation mode, in this mode, how to carry on the project cost management

27、is the use of advanced information technology, is in the exploration and development stage, in the long run, the application of information technology will promote the rapid development of cost management informatization. 　　四、電子信息技術(shù)在工程造價(jià)管理中的前景與展望： Prospects and outlook four, electronic informatio

28、n technology in engineering cost management: 　　 (一)、工程預(yù)(決)算軟件：目前套價(jià)軟件使用已經(jīng)很普遍，但功能應(yīng)從單一的套價(jià)、出預(yù)算書向多方擴(kuò)展，一是向上擴(kuò)展，增加工程管理功能，可以同時(shí)處理多個(gè)工程和一個(gè)工程的各階段數(shù)據(jù)，貫穿從估算、概算、預(yù)算、階段結(jié)算和竣工決算的全過程的造價(jià)管理；二是功能進(jìn)一步細(xì)化，加強(qiáng)對計(jì)算結(jié)果的分析和細(xì)度的調(diào)整，以方便投標(biāo)單位的造價(jià)調(diào)整和控制；三是與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連接，將預(yù)算軟件所需的材料價(jià)格等數(shù)據(jù)通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供給用戶，方便材料價(jià)格數(shù)據(jù)的維護(hù)，提高工作效率；四是對已完工程資料的積累方面功能的加強(qiáng)。(二)、工程量、鋼筋用量計(jì)算

29、軟件：此類軟件，用于協(xié)助從施工圖計(jì)算工程量，現(xiàn)在使用較廣的軟件一般采用作圖法，要求工作人員在識圖的基礎(chǔ)上用該軟件重新輸入圖紙中各種構(gòu)件及其尺寸，然后由系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)計(jì)算工程量，得到工程量清單，這種作法計(jì)算出的工程量比較精確，但必須重新輸入圖紙工作量仍然很大。另一種方法是直接將工程圖紙掃描形成光柵文件，由軟件處理矢量化后，抽取特征，用模式識別的技術(shù)識別構(gòu)件類型和其幾何參數(shù)，進(jìn)而計(jì)算工程量;或由設(shè)計(jì)院生成的施工圖CAD文件在CAD環(huán)境下作模式識別。這種方法要求在圖紙的特征表示和建模上作大量的研究工作，抽取各種構(gòu)件的特征參數(shù)，采用人工智能技術(shù)，為了最終能代替人完成識圖的過程，這是較有前途的方法，但根據(jù)漢字

30、識別技術(shù)的發(fā)展過程，必須對圖紙的特征進(jìn)行深入的分析研究，該軟件要能真正代替人識圖還有一段路要走。第三種方法是在建筑設(shè)計(jì)所使用的CAD軟件中直接加入構(gòu)件特征參數(shù)的屬性，定義各種構(gòu)件對象，在進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)和建筑設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)使用這些對象設(shè)計(jì)建筑物，而不用直接使用線條作圖。這種方法使設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)果中包括豐富的構(gòu)件和參數(shù)而不是線條，經(jīng)過一個(gè)語法分析器就能分離出所有構(gòu)件和參數(shù)，避免了模式識別這個(gè)難關(guān)。因此，在人工智能的應(yīng)用還未深入該領(lǐng)域時(shí)仍必須通過交互的過程來填補(bǔ)軟件在智能上的不足。(三)、Internet在工程造價(jià)管理中的應(yīng)用設(shè)想:工程造價(jià)的管理與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)整合無疑將給工程造價(jià)的管理帶來質(zhì)的飛躍和發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃式的管理模

31、式將被變動(dòng)的市場的新型模式所取代，實(shí)現(xiàn)工程造價(jià)的協(xié)同控制也將成為必然。相應(yīng)網(wǎng)站的建立與壯大。1.工程造價(jià)信息網(wǎng)：工程造價(jià)信息具體指的是與工程造價(jià)相關(guān)的法律、法規(guī)、價(jià)格調(diào)整文件、造價(jià)報(bào)表、指標(biāo)等影響工程造價(jià)的信息。建立起統(tǒng)一的造價(jià)信息網(wǎng)，不但有利于使用者查詢、分析和決策，更有利于國家主管部門實(shí)行統(tǒng)一的管理與協(xié)調(diào)，使得工程造價(jià)管理統(tǒng)一化、規(guī)?；⒂行蚧?。2.材料價(jià)格信息網(wǎng)：材料價(jià)格的變動(dòng)將直接影響著工程的預(yù)算和決算，對工程造價(jià)的動(dòng)態(tài)控制起著決定性的作用。信息網(wǎng)、軟件間的相互整合。1.信息網(wǎng)與造價(jià)軟件：當(dāng)前市場上的造價(jià)軟件中所需的材料價(jià)格大多采用人工錄入價(jià)格的形式。有的是整體的引入，有的則是一個(gè)個(gè)輸

32、入，大大影響了快速報(bào)價(jià)的進(jìn)程，同時(shí)也不能及時(shí)與市場接軌，無形間削弱了企業(yè)的競爭力。信息網(wǎng)與造價(jià)軟件的整合將消除這一矛盾，在造價(jià)軟件中直接點(diǎn)擊相應(yīng)引入按鈕，輸入要引入信息所在地點(diǎn)的詳細(xì)資料，即可隨時(shí)得到相應(yīng)材料的價(jià)格，若所引入的材料價(jià)格有所變動(dòng)，軟件中的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)將自動(dòng)提醒操作者更新價(jià)格。這不但縮短了錄入材料價(jià)格的時(shí)間，還達(dá)到了隨時(shí)更新的目的。2.信息網(wǎng)與進(jìn)度控制軟件：工程控制的一個(gè)重要目標(biāo)是成本控制，而成本控制在無形中又影響著進(jìn)度和質(zhì)量的控制，同時(shí)市場的變動(dòng)將直接影響著投入的成本和資源的分配，而這必將導(dǎo)致工程進(jìn)度的變動(dòng)。所以，工程項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場的進(jìn)度控制也應(yīng)通過成本控制時(shí)刻反映著市場的變動(dòng)。信息網(wǎng)與進(jìn)

33、度控制的整合也將成為必然。 ( a ), engineering ( must) be software: the package software is used widely, but the function from the single set of price, a budget book to various extensions, one is the upward expansion, increase the function of project management, the phase data can handle multiple projects and a

34、 project, through the estimate, budget, budget, final accounts settlement and stage of the whole process cost management; two is the function of further refinement, the strengthening of the analysis and the fineness of the adjustment calculation results, the cost adjustment and convenient control of

35、 bidding units; three is connected with the Internet, data budget software required material price offer to users through the Internet, convenient maintenance material price data, improve work efficiency; the four is to strengthen the accumulation function completed engineering data. ( two ), quanti

36、ty, amount of reinforcement calculation software: such software, used to assist the engineering quantity calculation from the construction plans, now widely used software generally use the mapping method, re-enter the various components and size of drawing with the software based on identify the ima

37、ges on the staff, and then the system automatic calculation of engineering quantity, get the list of engineering amount, it calculates the quantity are more accurate, but you must re-enter drawing workload is very big still. Another method is to directly to the engineering drawings scan raster file,

38、 feature extraction and processed by software after vector, using technology to identify the component types, pattern recognition and its geometric parameters, and calculation of the volume of works; or generated by the Design Institute of the construction drawings CAD files for pattern recognition

39、in CAD environment. This approach requires said in the drawings of the characteristics and modeling on a lot of research work, feature parameters of various components, the use of artificial intelligence technology, in order to eventually replace people to complete the process of identify the images

40、, this is a promising method, but according to the development process of Chinese characters recognition technology, must be thorough analysis research characteristics of the drawings, this software can really replace people identify the images still have a long way to go. The third kind of method i

41、s directly added to the component character parameter of CAD software used in the architectural design of attribute, define various component object, use these objects to design buildings in structural and architectural design, without direct use of line drawing. This method makes the design result

42、includes components and parameters are rich but not line, after a parser can isolate all components and parameters, to avoid the pattern recognition of this. Therefore, in the application of artificial intelligence has not been thoroughly the field still must through the interactive process to fill

43、the shortage of software in the intelligent. ( three ), application of Internet in engineering cost management: engineering management and Internet cost integration will no doubt to the project cost management to bring the qualitative leap and development. Replaced by new models planned the traditio

44、nal management mode will be changes in the market, achieve collaborative project cost control will become the inevitable. The establishment and growth of the corresponding web site. 1 the project cost information network : the project cost information specifically refers to the associated with the p

45、roject cost of the laws and regulations, the price adjustment cost report, file, index of engineering cost information. Establish cost information network unified, not only conducive to the user query, analysis and decision, more conducive to the national competent department to implement the manage

46、ment and coordination of the project cost management, standardization, scale, orderly. 2 material price information network: material price changes will directly affect the engineering budget and final accounts, the dynamic control of construction cost plays a decisive role in. Mutual integration of

47、 information network, the software. 1 information network and the cost of software: the necessary cost of software on the market price of materials are mostly manual entry price form. Some are overall introduced, there is one input, greatly affected the rapid quotation process, but also can not be t

48、imely and the market, between the invisible weakened the competitiveness of enterprises. The integration of information network and the cost of software will eliminate this contradiction, the cost of software directly click on the corresponding button detail introduction, data input to introduce inf

49、ormation location can be obtained at any time, the corresponding material price, if the material price change, early warning system in the software will automatically remind the operator to update the prices. This not only reduces the input material price time, also reached the update of the objecti

50、ve. 2 information network and the progress control in the software: an important purpose of the engineering control is cost control, and cost control in virtually affect the progress and quality control, at the same time the market changes will directly affect the allocation of costs and resources,

51、which will result in the change of engineering. So, progress control of project site should also through the cost control of time reflects the changes in the market. The integration of information network and the progress control will become the inevitable. 　　通過加強(qiáng)信息技術(shù)在工程造價(jià)管理中的應(yīng)用力度，堅(jiān)持工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)模式，統(tǒng)一全面管

52、理認(rèn)識、統(tǒng)一信息技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，優(yōu)化整合工程造價(jià)管理軟件，設(shè)計(jì)并推行人性化網(wǎng)絡(luò)造價(jià)管理軟件，建立健全工程造價(jià)管理信息系統(tǒng),最終通過市場價(jià)格機(jī)制的運(yùn)行，形成統(tǒng)一、協(xié)調(diào)、有序的工程造價(jià)全過程綜合管理體系，達(dá)到合理使用投資、有效控制工程造價(jià)、取得最佳投資效益的目的。 Through the application of the strengthening of information technology in engineering cost management, adhere to the project quantity list valuation pattern, unified mana

53、gement, unified understanding of information technology standards, integration and optimization of software project cost management, design and implement humane cost of network management software, establish and perfect the system of information management of project cost, the market price mechanism

54、, the formation of the whole process of project cost management system of unified, coordinated, orderly, to achieve the rational use of investment, effective control of the project cost, obtain the best investment benefit. 　　參考文獻(xiàn)： 　　 Reference. 　　1.電子信息在工程造價(jià)管理中的應(yīng)用探討 曾登峰 《科協(xié)論壇（下半月）》 Applica

55、tion of 1 electronic information in engineering cost management discusses Ceng Dengfeng " Association for science and Technology Forum (second half ) " 　　2.董小英 中國行業(yè)信息化作用報(bào)告[J];IT經(jīng)理世界;2006年12期 　　 2 Dong Xiaoying Chinese industry informatization effects reported in [J]; IT manager world; 2006 12 period 　　3.吳靜 旭現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)在林業(yè)工程造價(jià)管理體系建設(shè)中的應(yīng)用[J];科技致富向?qū)?2011年06期 Application of [J] 3 Wu Jing Xu of modern information technology in the cost management system of forest engineering; science and technology to become rich the wizard in 2011 06;