狀語從句1 (2)

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1、正寧一中 侯振林 定義：在 復(fù) 合 句 中 由 從 句 表 示 的 狀 語稱 作 狀 語 從 句 ， 它 可 以 用 來 修飾 謂 語 （ 包 括 非 謂 語 動 詞 ） 、定 語 或 狀 語 ， 或 是 整 個 句 子 。 準(zhǔn) 確 掌 握 每 一 個 連 詞 的 含 義是 掌 握 狀 語 從 句 的 關(guān) 鍵 。同 時 要 注 意 主 從 句 的 時 態(tài) 呼 應(yīng) 。 狀語從句一般分為九大類狀語從句類別: 時 間 狀 語 從 句 地 點(diǎn) 狀 語 從 句 原 因 狀 語 從 句 目 的 狀 語 從 句 結(jié) 果 狀 語 從 句 條 件 狀 語 從 句 方 式 狀 語 從 句 比 較 狀 語 從 句

2、讓 步 狀 語 從 句 1.時間狀語從句： 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有：when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。請注意 when, while, as 的區(qū)別 When -當(dāng)時候, 通常指某一特定的時間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When I have time , I will go to see you. When I came home, I met an old schoolmate o

3、f mine. He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.*注 意 ： 在 時 間 狀 語 從 句 中 ， 主從 句 都 是 將 來 的 動 作 或 狀 態(tài) 時 ，習(xí) 慣 上 主 句 用 將 來 時 ， 從 句 用一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 。 When - 正在的時候，突然。通常主句是進(jìn)行時或 be about to 時，在翻譯的時候，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my siste

4、r came in. One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door. When 當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived. When the children had gone to bed, she began toprepare her lesso

5、ns. When=after While -在期間，往往指一段時間。While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in.Strike while the iron is hot. While -表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder t

6、he face. While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows. As - 一邊一邊, 隨著She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older, she became more beautiful. As - 當(dāng)時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用進(jìn)行時。As I was going out, it began to rain.I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.

7、 As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window. The moment - 一就 =as soon as , immediately,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her. Not until - 直到才He did

8、nt leave the office until he finished the work.=He left the office when he finished the work.Not until 可以和 when 互換 Before - 在之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company? It was not long before I forgot i

9、t all.(It was /will be before 是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him. After - 在 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance. Since -自從, 通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時I have never been there again since I graduat

10、ed from the university.The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot. It is just a week since we arrived here. (It is /has been since是常用句型） As soon as - 一就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him. No sooner than

11、- 一就No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.no sooner than 用于句首要求倒裝Hardly whenScarcely when Once you see him, you will never forget him. Once - 一但就 Every time, each time 每次whenever 每當(dāng)Each time he came to town, he would visit our school. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help u

12、s. 2.條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞有:If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition that If -如果If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now. Unless - 如果不, 除非=if notWe cant get the

13、re on time unless we book the earliest flight= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight. Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you. He will not join us unless he changes his mind. As long as - 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.You cant play games as long as

14、 you remember the rules.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. As (so) far as - 據(jù)所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA. In case - 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. Pr

15、ovided that 如果,有時省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education. On condition that - 條件是He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one ask

16、ed him to speak.The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test. 注:主從句的動作發(fā)生在將來時，則主句用將來時, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day. 3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句只有兩個連詞:Where

17、, wherever Where - 在地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever - 無論哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you. 4.原因狀語從句 beca

18、use, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 這六個連詞都用于表示表示原因, 但在語氣上一個比一個弱. Because - 因為,通常從句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order. I succeed because I willed it, I never hesitated.I do it becaus

19、e I like it. As - 因為, 通常放在句首As it is quite windy today, he decidesAs he is honest and modest, all his friends like him. Since -既然 因語氣較弱, 常譯為既然Since everybody has come, we can set off.Since the purser didnt tell us what to do, we can relax. Now that - 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.Now that

20、 all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same. considering that - 顧及到 Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. seeing that - 由于 Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput the meeting off. 5.結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that, sothatsuc

21、hthat So that - 太以至于 so 后面應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞, 有時省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it. So that - 因而，以便，為了 有時so 可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.Speak lou

22、der please so that the people at the back can hear you. When you skin your customers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again. Such that -太以至于 用法與sothat相同，但such 后面應(yīng)用名詞。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him. The Canadian airlines ha

23、ngar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time. 6.目的狀語從句 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.(So) that - 以便, 從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等 in order that -

24、為了, 與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm. for fear that - 生怕; 為了防止(某事發(fā)生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that

25、the students did not pay enough attention to the problem. in case - 萬一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case it rains. Lest - 以防萬一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with hi

26、m.The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time. 7.比較狀語從句 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：Asas, not so (as)as, .than, the more the more. Asas - 像一樣If you dont want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible.My grandma told me that her

27、 eyesight was as good as 10 years before.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body. Not so (as) as - 不像The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted. than -比怎么樣，用于事物間的比較，more 后面用形容詞或副詞People believe that being a stew

28、ardess is better than most of the other jobs.I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful behavior (is) than a beautiful form. The more, the more - 越 越The more he listened to that song, the less he en

29、joyed it.The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is. 8.讓步狀語從句 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether Although, though -雖然 although 和though 可以互換，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。Although it was raining, the plane managed

30、to take off. Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame. Though he did his best, he didnt succeed.Child though he was, he did quite well. As - 盡管 as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝?？膳cthough 互換。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.Hard as she works, she makes little progress. Even if /even thou

31、gh -即使Even if you dont like your boss, you should do your work.Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition. Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way.Even though his dean didnt mean it, he still felt embarrassed. However - 不論， however 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝He c

32、ouldnt get there on time however fast he drove.The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried. N o matter (what, when, where, how) -無論（什么，何時，何地，怎樣）The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result no matter when you get it. He wouldnt forgive me

33、 no matter how hard I begged him.I will find you no matter where you hide. Whatever - 不管Whatever other people may say, she wont change her mind.Whatever you do, it wont affect our plan. While -盡管While I have sympathy for you, I cant help you.While its none of my business, I will watch you. Whether -

34、不管，常與or not 連用Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt. 9. 方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句常由:as, as if, as though as -與 一樣 Do in Rome as the Romans do. Leave things as they are. as if, as though - 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的

35、從句中可用虛擬語氣 She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting forsomeone. 1._ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever 2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easilywalk to the station.A. before B. that C. unless D. when 3.Ill accept any

36、 job, _ I dont have to get up early.A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as 4._ problems you have, you can always come tome for help.A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which 5. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter 6.-Did

37、you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?- Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her.A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once 7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever 8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. s

38、o that C. as if D. unless 9. John plays football _ , if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 10. -What was the party like? -Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since 11.Dont change your mind, _ happens to you.A. which B.

39、what C. whichever D. whatever 12. _ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even 13. Nobody believed him _ what he said.A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because 14. I was watching TV _ suddenly the lights went out.A. when B. while C. as D. for 15. Take your umbrell

40、a with you _ it rains.A. if B. as ifC. in case D. as long as 16.No sooner _ entered the office _I heard the telephone ringing.A. had I, when B. I had, than C. had I, than D. I had, when 17. I had hardly arrived _ he started crying to go home.A. as B. for C. when D. until 18.It wont be long _ you regret what you said.A. since B. when C. before D. till 19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving 20. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As