論滑坡整治畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯
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1、 地質(zhì)英語(yǔ)結(jié)課論文 題目:Theory of the treatment 院 系 地球科學(xué)與資源系 姓 名 班 級(jí) 地質(zhì)學(xué)1104班 學(xué) 號(hào) 03211417 指導(dǎo)教師 2013年 12月 1日 Theory of the treatment Abstract: the landslide i
2、s a kind of global natural disasters, huge harmfulness, often to peoples life and property security caused great hidden trouble.Meizhou of guangdong province in China is located in the southern margin of the five ridges mountains, rocks are mainly quartz sandstone in the devonian strata in the area,
3、 Permian limestone has a wide distribution and the Jurassic and cretaceous red sandstone, geological environment fragile, landslide is prevalent.In this paper, through examples on landslide hazards and control measures were briefly reviewed in this paper, the and the development prospect of preventi
4、on and control and control technology is prospected. Key words: landslide loss prevention and control Landslides refers to the soil or rock mass slopes, by rivers, groundwater activity, earthquake and artificial slope cutting and other factors, under the influence of gravity, along a weak plane or
5、 soft belt, the overall or scattered along the slope slide down the natural phenomenon, commonly known as "mountain", "mountain", "slippery", "soil slip", etc. Landslides often to industrial and agricultural production and peoples lives and property caused great losses, some even is devastating d
6、isaster.Landslide is destroying the harm of rural primary farmland, destroy forests, roads, houses, harm human and agricultural machinery equipment and water conservancy and hydropower facilities, etc., sometimes even to the person of hometown devastating disasters.Located in the town of landslides
7、often hit buried houses, human and animal casualties, damage fields, destroying factories, schools, units, etc., and destruction of facilities, shut down, causing blackouts, water supply and sometimes even destroy the whole town.Landslide occurred in industrial and mining areas, can destroy mine fac
8、ilities, casualties worker, destruction of plants, is mine to keep factories and workers idle and often causes heavy losses.Meizhou is a prevalent landslide disasters.According to incomplete statistics, in the past 20 years a total collapse, landslides and other geological disasters in 6280, 171 peo
9、ple were killed and 166 injured, and direct economic loss of 600 million yuan.Geological disaster 317 per year on average, nine people were killed and eight people were injured, the economic losses of more than 3000 3000 yuan;Existing 6818 landslides, collapse hazard points, threatened a population
10、of more than 100000 people, the threatened assets of 500 million yuan. In view of the landslide caused great harm, so the landslide prevention and control to carry out the "early detection, prevention, find out the situation, the comprehensive control, makes every effort to effect a radical cure,
11、 not for" the principle of combining the factors of the slope unstability and landslide formation of the prevention and control of internal and external conditions. A major factor in the production of landslide landslide control is a geological and geomorphic conditions, the second is internal and
12、external motivation and the influence of human impact.Therefore, the landslide regulation mainly from the following several aspects: One, to eliminate or reduce the harm of water 1. Eliminate surface water.The surface water of landslide outside is used more by the interception and guide method dis
13、charged;For landslide surface water within the anti-seepage, near together as soon as possible and take measures such as governance. 2. Out of groundwater.For groundwater, thin and not blocked.Main engineering measures: blind ditch of cutoff, used to intercept and landslide area near the peripher
14、y of groundwater;Support the blind ditch, drainage and supporting role;Oblique Kong Qun, used to horizontal drilling leads to the groundwater.In addition, there are blind holes, permeability tube, vertical drilling, rule out the engineering measure of landslide in groundwater. 3. To prevent the riv
15、er water and reservoir water on the landslide slope toe scour, the main engineering measures are: the upstream landslide is serious erosion area, build up the mainstream towards the other side of the spur dike, in the front of landslide riprap, paving stone cage, reinforced concrete block constructi
16、on platoon tube in order to make the soil slope from the river erosion. Two. Change the landslide shape, set the anti-sliding structures 1. The cutting slope weight loss.Commonly used in governance in a state of "top-heavy" and in the front and there are no reliable anti-sliding lots of sliding bo
17、dy, reduce sliding body shape improvement, center of gravity, thus improve the stability of the landslide mass. 2. Construction retaining engineering.Sliding of the landslide due to loss of support or steep, sliding bed may be faster landslide, adopted the practice of construction retaining enginee
18、ring, can increase the equilibrium condition, the gravity of the landslide sliding body quickly restore stability.The types of retaining structures against sliding flaky crib, anti-slide pile, such as anti-sliding retaining wall. 3. Improve the earth-rock properties of sliding zone.General roasting
19、 method, blasting grouting method is used to the chemical and physical methods, such as the landslide.Due to the complexity of landslide causes, influence factors, so we need the above several methods using comprehensive treatment, and at the same time to achieve a goal. Third, strengthen public aw
20、areness Geological hazards, our country is a country, but the weak consciousness of common people disasters.A lot of people when disaster comes, dont know to take necessary measures to cope with the situation, dont even know the gravity of the disaster.Only let people know the seriousness of disast
21、er, people will be positive to learn knowledge about disasters, make the correct response. Our country and the government there is also a lot of dereliction of duty, to the people to the consciousness of its root cause lies in the countrys propaganda is not enough.In the hill country of landslides
22、and other disasters incidence, relevant government departments should strengthen the public awareness of disaster.In order to reduce the mountain disasters and the damage to the society, country and the government should increase for mountain hazards such as landslide area of investment, strengthen
23、the screening and monitoring for these areas.Historical experience tells us that in natural disasters at present, in the persons subjective dynamic limited, this time we need, comprehensive management "" prevention first and prevention &treatment combination of prevention and control measures, in th
24、e face of natural disaster, we cant control and change our only" avoid disaster reduction ".Disaster before some false rumors and cause people to take some irrational behavior of important information, in the face of this situation we only to strengthen the public understanding of the disaster itsel
25、f to make the right judgments.When disasters occur, people should learn the necessary treatment measures, in a concerted effort to reduce the hazards to a minimum. Landslide disaster prevention and control technology development prospects: landslide disaster formation mechanism is complex, its pr
26、evention and treatment of many factors that affect the technology selection, how to correctly select landslide, landslide characteristics, types and development strength, advanced, economic and effective measures still need we blend step research and deep.The main research direction outlook is as fo
27、llows: (1) to adopt new technology and new method for prospecting and forecasting the landslide and its stability, such as remote sensing, geophysical prospecting method, GPS technology, big dipper and modern test methods; (2) drainage to further study the mechanism of the landslide stability; (3
28、) establish a landslide disaster prevention and control of engineering database and expert fuzzy decision system; (4) the development and application of new materials and components, such as biological chemistry corrosion resistance stiffened new materials, corrosion resistance to tensile anchor ca
29、ble, high strength and high durability can provide larger resistance against sliding slope protection components, etc.; (5) the development and application of new technology and new methods, such as construction, easy, and can provide larger resistance sliding force of anchoring method of high stre
30、ngth prestressed concrete structure, with high strength prestressed anti-slide pile and anchor anti-slide pile as big thickness high thrust retaining structure of the sliding body, used for inside the landslide reinforcement of various new grouting method, etc.; (6) research and development in harm
31、ony with the environment, combined with the land use, and the social benefits associated governance approach, all kinds of governance engineering design should be able to do to fully consider the reclamation and beautify the environment, the governance after the land resources to rational developmen
32、t and utilization of anti-sliding retaining structures may as bearing structure, etc. conclusion Through the forming conditions and influencing factors of landslide characteristics analysis and research, I summarized the above many of the super-large geological disaster prevention and control me
33、asures, but also how to use more advanced methods and measures for the future improvement made a simple description.Therefore, in the face of such serious situation, each one of us should have awareness of landslide and the responsibility of the landslide control, benefit for our children and grandc
34、hildren. References: Mountain flood prevention and cure of debris flow and landslide disaster [1], science press, 1994-3 [2] Ye Zhengwei history along the Yangtze river new landslide analysis, trend prediction and enlightenment [journal] disaster - 2000-6 [3] YanKunLong Zhang Guirong, etc.Land
35、slide disaster risk analysis [M]. Science press, 2010. Beijing [4] Yang Junming, liu, etc.Landslide governance method [J] open-pit mining technology, 2005, (5) : 35 ~ 37 [5] meizhou network 論滑坡整治 摘要:滑坡是一種全球性的自然災(zāi)害,危害性巨大,常給人們的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成極大隱患。我國(guó)廣東梅州地處五嶺山脈南緣,區(qū)內(nèi)巖層主要有泥盆系石英砂巖、二疊系的石灰?guī)r和分布較廣的侏羅系、白堊系紅色砂
36、巖,地質(zhì)環(huán)境脆弱,是滑坡的多發(fā)區(qū)。本文通過(guò)實(shí)例對(duì)對(duì)滑坡危害及整治措施進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要闡述,并對(duì)防治技術(shù)的發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行了展望。 關(guān)鍵字:滑坡 損失 防治 展望 滑坡是指斜坡上的土體或者巖體,受河流沖刷、地下水活動(dòng)、地震及人工切坡等因素影響,在重力作用下,沿著一定的軟弱面或者軟弱帶,整體地或者分散地順坡向下滑動(dòng)的自然現(xiàn)象,俗稱“走山”、“垮山”、“地滑”、“土溜”等。 滑坡常常給工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)以及人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大損失、有的甚至是毀滅性的災(zāi)難?;聦?duì)鄉(xiāng)村最主要的危害是摧毀農(nóng)田、房舍、傷害人畜、毀壞森林﹑道路以及農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)施和水利水電設(shè)施等,有時(shí)甚至給老鄉(xiāng)造成毀滅性災(zāi)害。位于城鎮(zhèn)的滑坡常常砸
37、埋房屋,傷亡人畜,毀壞田地,摧毀工廠、學(xué)校、機(jī)關(guān)單位等,并毀壞各種設(shè)施,造成停電、停水、停工,有時(shí)甚至毀滅整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。發(fā)生在工礦區(qū)的滑坡,可摧毀礦山設(shè)施,傷亡職工,毀壞廠房,是礦山停工停產(chǎn),常常造成重大損失。梅州是山體滑坡災(zāi)害的多發(fā)區(qū)。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),20年來(lái)共發(fā)生崩塌、滑坡等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害6280宗,171人死亡,166人受傷,直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失高達(dá)6億元;平均每年發(fā)生地質(zhì)災(zāi)難317宗,9人死亡,8人受傷,經(jīng)濟(jì)損失3千多萬(wàn)元;現(xiàn)有6818個(gè)山體滑坡、崩塌等災(zāi)害隱患點(diǎn),受威脅的人口超過(guò)10萬(wàn)人,受威脅財(cái)產(chǎn)達(dá)5億多元。 鑒于滑坡造成的巨大危害,因此滑坡的防治要貫徹“及早發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)防為主,查明情況,綜合治理,力求
38、根治,不留后患”的原則,結(jié)合邊坡失穩(wěn)的因素和滑坡形成的內(nèi)外部條件進(jìn)行防治。 治理滑坡產(chǎn)生滑坡的主要因素一是地質(zhì)條件與地貌條件,二是內(nèi)外動(dòng)力和人為作用的影響。因此,滑坡的整治主要從以下幾個(gè)方面入手: 一、消除或減輕水的危害 1.排除地表水?;乱酝獾牡乇硭嗖捎脭r截和旁引方法排走;對(duì)滑坡以內(nèi) 的地表水采取防滲、盡快匯集和旁引等措施治理口。 2.排除地下水。對(duì)于地下水,可疏而不可堵。主要工程措:截水盲溝,用于攔截和旁引滑坡區(qū)外圍的地下水;支撐盲溝,兼具排水和支撐作用;仰斜孔群,用近于水平的鉆孔把地下水引出。此外,還有盲洞、滲管、垂直鉆孔等排除滑坡體內(nèi)地下水的工程措施。 3.防止河水、庫(kù)
39、水對(duì)滑坡體坡腳的沖刷,主要工程措施有:在滑坡體上游嚴(yán)重沖刷地段修筑促使主流偏向?qū)Π兜摹岸巍?,在滑坡體前緣拋石、鋪設(shè)石籠、修筑鋼筋混凝土塊排管以使坡腳的土體免受河水沖刷。 二、.改變滑坡體外形,設(shè)置抗滑建筑物 1.削坡減重。常用于治理處于“頭重腳輕”狀態(tài)而在前方又沒(méi)有可靠的抗滑地段的滑體,使滑體外形改善、重心降低,從而提高滑體穩(wěn)定性。 2.修筑支擋工程。因失去支撐而滑動(dòng)的滑坡或滑坡床陡、滑動(dòng)可能較快的滑坡,采用修筑支擋工程的辦法,可增加滑坡的重力平衡條件,使滑體迅速恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定。支擋建筑物的種類有抗滑片石垛、抗滑樁、抗滑擋墻等。 3.改善滑動(dòng)帶的土石性質(zhì)。一般采用焙燒法、爆破灌漿法等物理化
40、學(xué)方法對(duì)滑坡進(jìn)行整治。由于滑坡成因復(fù)雜,影響因素多,因此需要上述幾種方法同時(shí)使用綜合治理,方能達(dá)到目的。 三、加強(qiáng)民眾意識(shí) 我國(guó)雖是一個(gè)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害多發(fā)的國(guó)家,但是民眾災(zāi)害意識(shí)普遍淡薄。很多民眾當(dāng)遇到災(zāi)害來(lái)臨時(shí)手足無(wú)措,不知道采取必要的應(yīng)對(duì)措施,甚至也不知道其災(zāi)害的嚴(yán)重性。只有讓民眾認(rèn)識(shí)到了災(zāi)害的嚴(yán)重性之后,民眾才會(huì)積極去學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于災(zāi)害方面的知識(shí),做出正確的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。 我們的國(guó)家和政府這方面也存在很多失職,民眾的意識(shí)淡薄其根源還在于國(guó)家的宣傳力度不夠。在滑坡等山地災(zāi)害多發(fā)區(qū),政府相關(guān)部門應(yīng)加強(qiáng)民眾對(duì)于災(zāi)害認(rèn)識(shí)的力度。為了減少山地災(zāi)害給社會(huì)造成的危害,國(guó)家和政府應(yīng)該加大對(duì)于存在滑坡等山地災(zāi)害的地
41、區(qū)的資金投入,加強(qiáng)對(duì)于這些地區(qū)的排查和監(jiān)測(cè)。歷史的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們,在自然災(zāi)害目前,人的主觀能動(dòng)里極為有限,這時(shí)候我們需要“預(yù)防為主、防治結(jié)合、綜合治理”的防治措施,面對(duì)我們無(wú)法控制和改變的自然災(zāi)害,我們唯有“避之以減災(zāi)”。災(zāi)害發(fā)生之前的一些子虛烏有的謠言也是導(dǎo)致民眾采取一些非理智行為的重要信息,面對(duì)此種情況我們只有加強(qiáng)民眾對(duì)于災(zāi)害本身的認(rèn)識(shí)做出正確判斷。當(dāng)災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí),民眾應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)必要的救治措施,共同努力把災(zāi)害降低到最少。 滑坡災(zāi)害防治技術(shù)的發(fā)展展望:滑坡災(zāi)害形成機(jī)理復(fù)雜,其防治技術(shù)選擇的影響因素很多,如何正確圈定滑坡范圍,確定滑坡特征、類型及發(fā)展強(qiáng)度,采取先進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的措施仍需我們迸一步研究和
42、深索。主要的研究發(fā)展方向展望如下: (1)采用新技術(shù)和新方法勘察與預(yù)測(cè)滑坡體及其穩(wěn)定性,如遙感法、物探法、GPS技術(shù)、北斗及現(xiàn)代測(cè)試手段; (2)進(jìn)一步研究排水對(duì)滑坡穩(wěn)定的作用機(jī)理; (3)建立滑坡災(zāi)害防治工程數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和專家模糊決策系統(tǒng); (4)開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用新材料和新構(gòu)件,諸如抗腐蝕抗生物化學(xué)作用的加筋新材料、防腐蝕可再拉張的錨索、高強(qiáng)度高耐久可提供較大抗滑阻力的護(hù)坡構(gòu)件等; (5)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用新工藝和新方法,諸如能提供較大阻滑力且施工便捷的高強(qiáng)度預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)錨固方法,用高強(qiáng)度預(yù)應(yīng)力抗滑樁及錨拉抗滑樁作大厚度高推力滑體的支擋結(jié)構(gòu),用于滑坡內(nèi)部加固的多種新型灌漿方法等; (6)研究開(kāi)發(fā)與
43、環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)、與土地利用相結(jié)合、與社會(huì)效益相聯(lián)系的治理方法,各類治理工程設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)能做 到充分考慮到環(huán)境復(fù)墾和綠化美化,治理后土地資源能合理開(kāi)發(fā)與利用抗滑支擋結(jié)構(gòu)有可能作為建筑物承重結(jié)構(gòu)等。 結(jié)語(yǔ) 通過(guò)對(duì)滑坡的形成條件以及影響因素等特征的分析研究,我總結(jié)出了以上許多目前對(duì)滑坡這種特大地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的防治措施,同時(shí)也對(duì)未來(lái)如何用更先進(jìn)的手段和措施整治做了簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)明。因此,面對(duì)這種嚴(yán)重的現(xiàn)狀,我們每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有預(yù)防滑坡的意識(shí)和治理滑坡的責(zé)任,為我們的子孫后代造福。 參考文獻(xiàn): [1]山洪泥石流滑坡災(zāi)害及防治,科學(xué)出版社1994-3 [2]葉正偉 長(zhǎng)江新灘滑坡的歷史分析,趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)與啟示 【期刊論
44、文】災(zāi)害學(xué) —2000-6 [3]殷坤龍張貴榮等?;聻?zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析[M].北京科學(xué)出版社2010. [4]楊俊明,劉輝等。山體滑坡治理方法[J]露天采礦技術(shù),2005,(5):35~37 [5]梅州網(wǎng) 內(nèi)部資料 請(qǐng)勿外傳 9JWKffwvG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ^!djs#XuyUP2kNXpRWXmA&UE9aQ@Gn8xp$R#͑Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpaz
45、adNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@E
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47、E9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z8vG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ^!djs#XuyUP2kNXpRWXmA&UE9aQ@Gn8xp$R#͑Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Q
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52、JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X
53、4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT
54、#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZ#Qc@UE%&qYp@Eh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu##KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9Cpb
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