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1、microscopic mess 1 專(zhuān)業(yè)第28課 衛(wèi)生A閱讀押題 機(jī)會(huì)只給有準(zhǔn)備的人。 Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 衛(wèi)生今年閱讀沒(méi)有新增文章，押題也就變成了猜題，極不靠譜，請(qǐng)大家做好無(wú)原題或押不中的準(zhǔn)備！?。? 衛(wèi)生閱讀押題 共1篇文章 第三十九篇 Sauna 衛(wèi)生A 第42篇 Sauna 綜合A 桑拿浴 本文中心：第一句 Ceremonial bathing has existed存在 for thousands of years and has many forms, one of w

2、hich is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dr

3、y heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome andpre-Columbian Americas used sweat lodges. 儀式性的沐浴已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史，并有多種形式，其中的一種就是桑拿浴。芬蘭人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一個(gè)封閉的房間里將水澆在滾燙的石頭上，或是一種干熱浴。日本人、希臘人、土耳其人、俄國(guó)人以及美洲土著人在他們的沐浴傳統(tǒng)中都有發(fā)汗浴這一形式。用干熱浴發(fā)汗的方式是古羅馬優(yōu)先使用的，而哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸前的美洲人則使用發(fā)汗小屋。 The earliest saunas were probably

4、 underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few peop

5、le today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna" is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. 最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。由于當(dāng)時(shí)還沒(méi)有掌握煙技術(shù)，山洞里總是充滿著火焰引起的煙。人們?cè)诨鸩劾锷穑訜嵘?/p>

6、洞的四壁。當(dāng)墻壁達(dá)到一定的溫度時(shí)，將濃煙排出洞外，這使得墻壁還能保持幾個(gè)小時(shí)的高溫。今天，有一些人認(rèn)為有煙的桑拿浴，"煙熏桑拿"， 才是真正的桑拿體驗(yàn)，而所有的桑拿浴都應(yīng)該至少有煙熏或煙味兒的背景。現(xiàn)在，盡管煤油爐和燒木頭的火爐仍然可以使用，大多數(shù)的桑拿浴都是用電妒。 Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma

7、 patients find that the beat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The bodys core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.

8、 The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever ". The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood可能, 可能性of getting a cold in the first place. 桑拿浴能使人放松并消除壓力。肌肉疼痛或關(guān)節(jié)炎都可以利用桑拿浴的熱氣減輕疼痛和炎癥。 熱氣還可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加順暢。桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以減輕患者的胸悶感，加快康復(fù)的速度。在蒸桑拿浴時(shí)，人體溫

9、度通常會(huì)上升1~2攝氏度，就像 發(fā)低燒一樣的感覺(jué)。因此，蒸桑拿可以說(shuō)是印證了一句老話："傷風(fēng)時(shí)宜吃，發(fā)熱時(shí)宜餓。"定期 蒸桑拿浴可以在第一時(shí)間預(yù)防感冒的發(fā)生。 Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores氣孔and gives th

10、e skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the bodys physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system, gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72

11、beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. 蒸桑拿對(duì)皮膚也有好處，它可以促進(jìn)皮膚的血液循環(huán)和出汗。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，成年人一般每 小時(shí)要蒸發(fā)2磅的水。出汗可以清除毛孔中:的污垢Y使皮膚變得光潔。失水只是暫時(shí)性的，人體 機(jī)能能夠很快補(bǔ)充合適的水量。在熱氣交換的過(guò)程中，心臟跳動(dòng)得更快，這就使心血管系統(tǒng)也得 到了鍛煉。蒸桑拿浴時(shí)的心率能從原來(lái)的平均每分鐘72下增加到每分鐘100 -150下。 A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trou

12、ble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctors advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short

13、sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath. 健康的心臟可以承受這種變化，而那些心臟病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前應(yīng)該征求醫(yī)生的建議。同樣的，老年人和糖尿病患者也應(yīng)如此。孕婦則不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是在懷孕的頭三個(gè)月。其實(shí)， 每個(gè)人在剛開(kāi)始嘗試桑拿浴時(shí)都應(yīng)該先是短時(shí)間的，直到適應(yīng)了這種沐浴方式。 練習(xí)： 1. Ceremonial bathing 儀式性的沐浴 　A) is called the sauna by Finns 　B) is equivalent to the steam bath 　C) has

14、various各種各樣的forms形式 　D) is held in an enclosed room 2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience經(jīng)驗(yàn), 體驗(yàn)? 下列哪項(xiàng)被有些人認(rèn)為是真正的桑拿浴體驗(yàn)？ 　A) Saunas in underground caves. 　B) Saunas with smoke煙. 　C) Saunas using wood burning stoves. 　D) Saunas using electric stoves. 3. Accor

15、ding to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT 根據(jù)文章第三段，下列哪一項(xiàng)是桑拿浴做不到的？ 　A) reducing 減輕the chance of getting cold 　B) speeding加速 recovery恢復(fù) 　C) Relieving消除 stress緊張 　D) curing 治愈asthma哮喘 4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow紅熱光亮 be

16、cause 根據(jù)文章第四段，桑拿浴可以讓皮膚健康地紅熱光亮是因?yàn)椋? 　A) pores氣孔are cleaned by sweat汗 　B) water is lost by sweating 　C) blood moves to the surface for heat exchange 　D) the heart pumps harder and faster 5. Who are advised 建議not to take a sauna? 下列哪類(lèi)人不建議做桑拿?。? 　A) Elderly people. 　B) Pregnant women. 　C)

17、People with heart trouble. 　D) All of the above. 注意： (1) 絕對(duì)原則：答案中有all, every, only always等絕對(duì)詞一般為不正確，如被否定除外，原文中也有這些詞除外 )！ All of the above為正確答案 答案與題解： 1. C 第一段的第一句告訴我們，ceremonial bathing 有多種形式，其中一種是sauna。 所以只有C 是正確的選項(xiàng)。 2. B 根據(jù)文章第二段的第四句，smoke sauna 被有些人認(rèn)為是真正的sauna。句中background odor 也是指煙熏的氣

18、味。 3.D 該段最后一句說(shuō)The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold；第四句說(shuō)they may help to …speed recovery time；第一句說(shuō)Saunas are …stress relieving 所以，A、B、C 都是桑拿可以做的。第三句說(shuō)Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing，這不足以說(shuō)明桑拿有治愈哮喘的作

19、用。 因此，應(yīng)選擇D 項(xiàng)。 4. A 該段第三句提供了答案。 5. D 文章最后一段告誡幾種人不能蒸桑拿浴，包括心臟病患者、老人、糖尿病患者、孕婦等。所以D 是正確的選項(xiàng)。 詞匯： sauna n. ( 芬蘭式) 蒸汽浴，桑拿浴 congestion n. 阻塞；擁塞 odor n. 氣味，味道 grime n，污垢；塵垢 arthritis n. 關(guān)節(jié)炎 cardiovascular adj. 心血管的 inflammation n. 炎( 癥) asthma n. 氣喘 diabetes n.

20、糖尿病Sauna 　　Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and

21、Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome andpre-Columbian Americas used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as

22、 chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna" is the only true sauna e

23、xperience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and rel

24、ieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the beat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The bodys core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sa

25、una, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever ". The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweatin

26、g occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the bodys physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system, ge

27、ts a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna s

28、hould seek a doctors advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustome

29、d to this type of bath. 練習(xí)： 1. Ceremonial bathing 　A) is called the sauna by Finns 　B) is equivalent to the steam bath 　C) has various forms 　D) is held in an enclosed room 2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience? 　A) Saunas in underground caves. 　B) Saunas wi

30、th smoke. 　C) Saunas using wood burning stoves. 　D) Saunas using electric stoves. 3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT 　A) reducing the chance of getting cold 　B) speeding recovery 　C) relieving stress 　D) curing asthma 4. According to the fourth

31、 paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because 　A) pores are cleaned by sweat 　B) water is lost by sweating 　C) blood moves to the surface for heat exchange 　D) the heart pumps harder and faster 5. Who are advised not to take a sauna? 　A) Elderly people. 　B) Pregnant women. 　C) People with heart trouble. 　D) All of the above. 孫老師特別提示： 機(jī)會(huì)只給有準(zhǔn)備的人。 Opportunities are only for the prepared person. M