淺談林業(yè)資源的森林防火管理中英文翻譯

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1、 淺談林業(yè)資源的森林防火管理 中英文翻譯 Introduction to forest fire prevention management of forestry resources in both Chinese and English translation 摘要：隨著林業(yè)的發(fā)展，森林資源保護(hù)已成為社會(huì)共識(shí)，各種保護(hù)措施和林業(yè)管理制度也一定程度上得到完善。但隨著林業(yè)中可燃物的不斷增加，森林防火形勢(shì)也顯得十分嚴(yán)峻。本文就林業(yè)防火中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，以健全森林消防組織體系為中心、以森林消防基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)為基礎(chǔ)、壯大森林消防保障力量為手段提出了各項(xiàng)防火技術(shù)和措施，全面提高森林防火能

2、力，為林木生長(zhǎng)提供良好的基礎(chǔ)條件。 Abstract: with the development of forestry, forest resources protection has become a social consensus, all kinds of protection measures and forestry management system is also to some extent. But along with the increase of fuel in the forest, forest fire situation is very serious.

3、In this paper, the analysis of existing problems in forest fire prevention, as to perfect the system of forest fire protection organization as the center, on the basis of forest fire prevention infrastructure construction, expanding forest fire control security forces all fire protection technology

4、and measures are proposed for means, comprehensive improve the ability of forest fire prevention, provide good basic condition for forest growing. 　關(guān)鍵詞：森林火災(zāi) 預(yù)防措施 森林火災(zāi)組織 職責(zé) Keywords: forest fire prevention forest fire organization roles and responsibilities 　火災(zāi)是森林生長(zhǎng)的主要敵人，也是最容易引發(fā)森林事故的因素。在森林中，一旦出現(xiàn)

5、火災(zāi)，旦夕之間就能夠燒毀大片的森林，造成林木的死亡，同時(shí)也會(huì)造成生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞和各種珍稀動(dòng)物死亡、泥石流等自然災(zāi)害的出現(xiàn)，進(jìn)而對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成一定的影響。森林火災(zāi)的撲滅也勢(shì)必會(huì)引起各部門(mén)工作人員和機(jī)械的出動(dòng)，耗費(fèi)大量的人力物力?？傊谏种幸坏┌l(fā)生火災(zāi)，必然會(huì)給國(guó)家和人民帶來(lái)?yè)p失，進(jìn)而造成環(huán)境破壞，因此，加強(qiáng)森林防火工作是關(guān)系國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和人民財(cái)產(chǎn)的重大事故，必須要做好安全防范工作。 Fire is the main enemy of the forest growth, is also the most prone to forest the factor of the accident. Fi

6、re in the forest, once appear, any day between can destroyed large tracts of forests, causing the death of trees, at the same time also can cause ecological environment destruction and all kinds of rare animal deaths, the emergence of the natural disaster such as mud-rock flow, have a certain impact

7、 on agricultural production. Forest fire extinguish also is bound to cause each department staff and machinery, spend a lot of manpower material resources. Anyhow, once there is a fire in the forest, will inevitably bring losses to the country and people, which cause environmental damage, therefore,

8、 strengthen the relationship between forest fire prevention work is the major accident of national economy and peoples property, must want to do a good job security. 　　1、森林火災(zāi)的預(yù)防措施 1, the forest fire prevention measures 　　森林火災(zāi)是造成森林損傷問(wèn)題的損壞之源，引起火災(zāi)出現(xiàn)的主要因素有三個(gè)，即可燃物質(zhì)、火源和氧氣。森林是可燃物質(zhì)與氧氣最充足的地方，正因?yàn)樯盅鯕獬渥?，?/p>

9、有了人們新提出的森林浴概念。因此，在防火工作中這兩方面是無(wú)法進(jìn)行預(yù)防的，我們也只能夠?qū)鹪催M(jìn)行合理有效的預(yù)防?；鹪纯梢苑譃樽匀换鹪磁c人為火源量只能夠，其中造成森林火災(zāi)最多的便是人為火源。根據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在森林工作中，人為火源引起的火環(huán)占據(jù)整個(gè)森林火患的99%，因此加強(qiáng)人為火源管理是十分重要的。在森林人為火患預(yù)防中，做好預(yù)防工作的主要方法是加強(qiáng)對(duì)人的管理，加強(qiáng)對(duì)人在森林活動(dòng)的管理。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們要認(rèn)真貫徹和落實(shí)以預(yù)防為主，積極消滅為輔的森林管理方針，以健全和完善管理制度、嚴(yán)格約束管理工作為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)全面開(kāi)展和落實(shí)防火工作，進(jìn)而將各項(xiàng)火患控制到最低。具體預(yù)防措施有以下兩個(gè)方面： Forest

10、fire is the source of damage of forest damage problem, cause fire there are three main factors, namely combustible material, fire and oxygen. Forest is a place where combustible material and oxygen the most abundant, forest oxygen is enough, because there is the new forest bath concept put forward b

11、y the people. In the fire protection work, therefore, these two aspects is impossible to prevent, we also can only make reasonable effective prevention of fire. Fire can be divided into natural fire fire amount can only be with other people, which caused the forest fire is one of the most artificial

12、 fire. According to relevant data statistics, in forest work, artificial fire caused by the ring of fire occupies 99% of the whole forest HuoHuan, therefore, to strengthen fire management is very important. In artificial forest HuoHuan prevention, completes the prevention work of the main method is

13、to strengthen the management of people, strengthen the management of people in the forest. In this process, we should earnestly implement and carry out the prevention primarily, destroy is complementary forest management policy, actively to improve and perfect management system, strict constraint ba

14、sed management to fully develop and implement fire protection work, which will be the HuoHuan control to a minimum. Specific prevention measures have the following two aspects: 　?。?）預(yù)防森林火災(zāi)的行政措施 (1) the administration of forest fire prevention measures 　　①采取多種形式開(kāi)展有效的森林防火宣傳教育。②建立健全森林防火組織機(jī)構(gòu)。鄉(xiāng)、村以及村

15、民小組都應(yīng)建立相應(yīng)機(jī)構(gòu)，并制定防火措施和責(zé)任制。③以法治火。以國(guó)家《森林法》和《森林防火條例》為依據(jù)，對(duì)引起森林火災(zāi)的責(zé)任者追究行政和法律責(zé)任。 1) adopt various forms to carry out effective forest fire prevention publicity education. (2) to establish and perfect the forest fire prevention organization. Township, village and villager group all shall establish correspon

16、ding mechanism, and make fire prevention measures and accountability. (3) with the rule of law. To "forest law" and the forest fire prevention regulations as the basis, to the cause of forest fire responsible shall be investigated for administrative and legal responsibilities. 　?。?）預(yù)防森林火災(zāi)的技術(shù)措施 (2

17、) the technology of forest fire prevention measures 　　火險(xiǎn)預(yù)報(bào)在防火期內(nèi)，對(duì)森林火險(xiǎn)情況進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)是森林防火管理的一項(xiàng)重要措施。森林防火設(shè)施在林區(qū)應(yīng)有各種防火設(shè)施，防火線(xiàn)、防火林道、防火林帶、眺望臺(tái)等。這些設(shè)施是防止森林火災(zāi)的最有效辦法。 In the period of fire prevention, fire danger forecast of forest fire danger situation prediction is an important measure of forest fire management.

18、Forest fire prevention facilities in the area should have a variety of fire prevention facilities, fire lines motocross, fire prevention, fire prevention forest belt, gazebo, etc. These facilities are the most effective way to prevent forest fires. 　　2、防火組織和善后處理工作 2, fire prevention organization

19、and post-processing 　　森林防火工作是一項(xiàng)社會(huì)性、群眾性很強(qiáng)的工作，單靠那一個(gè)部門(mén)，那一個(gè)企業(yè)獨(dú)自抓這項(xiàng)工作是很難抓好的。必須充分地發(fā)動(dòng)群眾，組織群眾，努力提高群眾自覺(jué)參與的能力。尤其是在林農(nóng)交叉和林農(nóng)混居的林區(qū)，有生產(chǎn)和副業(yè)生產(chǎn)的林區(qū)，做好群眾工作尤為重要。 Forest fire prevention work is a social and mass work, alone the one department, one that enterprises grasp the work alone is difficult to pay special atten

20、tion to. Must be fully launched the masses, organize the masses to raise peoples ability to participate in. Especially in the cross of forest and mixed forest area of forest, forest production and sideline production, completes the mass work is particularly important. 　?。?）撲救森林火災(zāi)的組織發(fā)生森林火災(zāi)，應(yīng)迅速組織力量撲

21、救。撲火是極其艱巨而復(fù)雜的戰(zhàn)斗，必須有嚴(yán)密的組織，統(tǒng)一指揮，統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一定要親臨現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組織撲救，火災(zāi)比較大的，應(yīng)組織臨時(shí)撲火指揮部。 (1) save the organization of forest fire occurrence of forest fires, should be immediately organize power save. Blazes is extremely difficult and complicated battle, there must be a strict organization, unified command, unified act

22、ion, leadership must attend organization saves, the fire is bigger, should organize the temporary fire command. 　　（2）撲救森林火災(zāi)的善后工作森林火災(zāi)撲教后，立即對(duì)受災(zāi)林區(qū)進(jìn)行損失調(diào)查和統(tǒng)計(jì)工作?；馂?zāi)面積調(diào)查調(diào)查人員更是要深入火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)繪制出準(zhǔn)確、合理可靠的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)圖，進(jìn)而計(jì)算出準(zhǔn)確的受損面積。林木損失調(diào)查采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地方法調(diào)查，是通過(guò)在計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍之中對(duì)燒死、燒傷和未曾燒傷的樹(shù)木進(jìn)行分類(lèi)調(diào)查了，確定各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和林業(yè)參數(shù)。損失程度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下： (2) the aftermath

23、 of the forest fire fighting robot teach after forest fire, immediately to the affected forest loss survey and statistic work. Fire area of investigation and investigators should deep into the scene of the fire, on the site map is accurate, reasonable and reliable figure, and then calculate the dama

24、ged area of the accurate. Forest loss using standard methods to survey, through the calculation standard scope to burn, burn and burn trees which have not classified investigation and determine the parameters of all the economic losses and forestry. Damage criteria is as follows: 　?、贌龤緲?shù)冠全燒焦，而且樹(shù)干也

25、嚴(yán)重的燒毀，在砍伐之后無(wú)法做到木材使用的要求。②燒死木樹(shù)冠2/3以上被燒焦，或者樹(shù)干也燒壞嚴(yán)重，但是樹(shù)木的根部卻未曾損壞，有可能再次生長(zhǎng)和恢復(fù)。③樹(shù)根燒傷嚴(yán)重，樹(shù)木已無(wú)恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)的可能，采伐后尚能做用材。④燒傷木樹(shù)冠被燒部分在1/2以下，樹(shù)皮燒傷不嚴(yán)重，有恢復(fù)的可能性。未燒木樹(shù)冠未被燒，樹(shù)干、樹(shù)根未受傷害，僅外部樹(shù)皮被過(guò)火燎黑。按上述四類(lèi)分別統(tǒng)計(jì)林木株數(shù)與材積，推算總的林術(shù)損失。 1) burning wood canopy full burning, and trunk also badly burned, cannot do after logging wood use requireme

26、nts. (2) the canopy of the two-thirds burned burned wood, or trunk also burn is serious, but the root of the trees are not damaged, may again and restore growth. (3) the root severe burns, may have to grow trees, cutting timber to be able to do after. (4) canopy were burnt parts under 1/2 burn wood,

27、 bark burns not serious, have the possibility of recovery. Not burning wood canopy not burned, trunk, and roots did not hurt, only external black bark was far passed on them. According to the above four types of statistical number of trees and volume, respectively, calculate the total forest loss.

28、 　　3、完善森林防火管理工作 3, improve forest fire prevention management work 　?。?）認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行“預(yù)防為主、積極消滅”的方針，協(xié)助鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府制定好森林防火基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、設(shè)備建設(shè)規(guī)劃和防火撲救措施，并督促按規(guī)劃的要求完成。 (1) seriously carrying out the policy of "kill the" prevention first, positive, good township government in planning of forest fire prevention infrastructure c

29、onstruction, equipment planning and measures of fire fighting, and urged complete according to the requirement of the planning. 　?。?）進(jìn)入重點(diǎn)防火期前，協(xié)助鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府對(duì)防火設(shè)施和措施落實(shí)情況進(jìn)行檢查，協(xié)助落實(shí)防火值班、撲火隊(duì)員的培訓(xùn)及村級(jí)專(zhuān)職護(hù)林員巡邏報(bào)警等有關(guān)工作。 (2) before entering the key shall, to assist the township government inspection on fire protectio

30、n facilities and measures to carry out the situation, to help implement fire protection duty, team players, training, and full-time rangers patrol police and related work. 　?。?）協(xié)助鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府做好毗鄰地區(qū)的森林防火聯(lián)防工作。 (3) to assist the township government to do a good job of forest fire prevention of zone adjacent

31、 to the area. 　?。?）在發(fā)生森林火災(zāi)時(shí)，協(xié)助鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府做好撲火隊(duì)伍的組織協(xié)調(diào)工作。 (4) in the case of forest fires, assist the township government completes the blazes team organization and coordination of the work. 　　4、完善防火責(zé)任制 4, improve the responsibility system for fire prevention 　　抓落實(shí)，見(jiàn)成效，關(guān)鍵是加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。森林防火工作之所以能取得階段性勝利，最重要、最

32、關(guān)鍵的一條就是思想認(rèn)識(shí)到位，高度重視，組織有力，責(zé)任明確。要切實(shí)做到“三狠抓、三落實(shí)”，確保森林防火不因工作疏忽而出任何問(wèn)題。 Implement and effective, the key is to strengthen the leadership. Forest fire prevention work to phased victory, the most important and the most critical one is ideological understanding in place, attaches great importance to organize

33、effectively and responsibilities clear. We need to do "three vigorously promotes, SanLaShi", to ensure that the forest fire prevention is not negligence due to work out any problems. 　　第一，狠抓組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，做到防火責(zé)任落實(shí)。一要落實(shí)好“七長(zhǎng)”負(fù)責(zé)制。從縣長(zhǎng)、鄉(xiāng)長(zhǎng)、村長(zhǎng)、組長(zhǎng)、場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)、校長(zhǎng)、戶(hù)長(zhǎng)，逐級(jí)簽訂森林防火責(zé)任狀，把“七長(zhǎng)”負(fù)責(zé)制貫穿到森林防火工作的全過(guò)程，做到在整個(gè)工作部署上，防火工作有位子；在資金安排上

34、，防火投入進(jìn)盤(pán)子；在工作開(kāi)展上，防火措施有法子。二要落實(shí)好天保管護(hù)組織一條線(xiàn)的責(zé)任。把森林防火工作作為天保工作的一項(xiàng)硬任務(wù)、硬指標(biāo)，森林防火工作在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、護(hù)林站、村委會(huì)、村護(hù)林員年度天?？己酥幸獓?yán)格考核，獎(jiǎng)懲到位，對(duì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的，該否決的否決，該解聘的解聘，該追究責(zé)任的追究責(zé)任，決不姑息遷就。加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，落實(shí)責(zé)任，最重要的是加強(qiáng)一把手對(duì)森林防火工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，落實(shí)一把手的森林防火責(zé)任。各防火責(zé)任單位主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要把森林防火工作作為第一件大事、第一位任務(wù)、第一項(xiàng)職責(zé)，集中精力、集中時(shí)間，親自抓薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、親自抓研究部署、親自抓檢查落實(shí)。 First, vigorously promotes the organ

35、ization and leadership, do fire prevention responsibility implementation. A good to implement the responsibility system of "seven". From county magistrate, townships and towns, village head, group leader, field, principals, householder, sign the forest fire prevention ZeRenZhuang step by step, the "

36、seven long" responsibility system through the whole process of forest fire prevention work, do it on the entire work deployment, fire prevention work table; On the funding arrangement, fire prevention inputs into the plate; On the work, fire prevention measures have way. Second, we must implement th

37、e nice day management organization the responsibility of the line. Forest fire prevention work as a tough YingRenWu, tianbao, forest fire prevention work in the villages and towns, ranger stations, the village committee, village ranger in the annual assessment of tianbao to strict appraisal, rewards

38、 and punishments in place, to appear problem, the veto, the discharge of the discharge, it shall be investigated for responsibility shall be investigated for responsibility, never palliative indulging. Strengthen the leadership, carries out the responsibility, the most important is to strengthen the

39、 chief leader of forest fire prevention work, implement the head of the forest fire prevention. Each fire responsibility unit main leadership to forest fire prevention work as the first great thing, the first task, the first responsibility, concentrate, concentration time, grasp the weak link, perso

40、nally of my own research deployment, personally inspect the implementation. 　　第二，狠抓責(zé)任追究，做到獎(jiǎng)懲措施到位。責(zé)任制的落實(shí)，是做好森林防火工作的關(guān)鍵措施。各責(zé)任單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及組成人員有變動(dòng)的，要及時(shí)調(diào)整充實(shí)，決不能出現(xiàn)崗位空缺和工作斷檔，做到人員變動(dòng)森林防火責(zé)任不變。對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)得力、措施落實(shí)、預(yù)防到位、撲救及時(shí)、成效顯著的單位和個(gè)人，要進(jìn)行表彰獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。凡防火責(zé)任不落實(shí)、發(fā)現(xiàn)火災(zāi)隱患不作為、發(fā)生火情隱瞞不報(bào)、撲火組織不得力，并造成嚴(yán)重后果和惡劣影響的，要依法依紀(jì)嚴(yán)肅追究單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和相關(guān)人員的責(zé)任。 Second, vi

41、gorously promotes responsibility, rewards and punishments measures in place. Implement the responsibility system, the key is to do a good job of forest fire prevention measures. All responsible unit of leadership and staff have change, should timely adjust the enrichment, job vacancy and job disconn

42、ect must not appear, do personnel changes in forest fire prevention responsibilities remains the same. To implement strong leaders, measures, timely and effective prevention in place, fighting the units and individuals, must carry on the commendation and reward. Every fire responsibility implement,

43、found no fire hazards, fire information, blazes organization not strength, and serious consequences are caused and the bad influence, to serious shall be investigated in accordance with the unit leadership and the responsibility of the relevant personnel. 　　5、結(jié)束語(yǔ) 5, the conclusion 　　森林防火工作是保護(hù)現(xiàn)有

44、森林資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境成果的大事，它關(guān)系到社會(huì)安定和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展大局，責(zé)任重于泰山。只有以高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，務(wù)實(shí)高效的作風(fēng)，果斷有力的措施，才能做好森林防火攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，為鞏固造林綠化成果，保護(hù)森林資源，優(yōu)化生態(tài)環(huán)境，振興經(jīng)濟(jì)作出新的貢獻(xiàn)。 Forest fire prevention work is to protect the current forest resource and ecological environment, it is related to social stability and economic development overall situation, responsibi

45、lity than mount tai. Only with highly responsible spirit, pragmatic and efficient style of work, decisive effective measures, can make the forest fire prevention to be completed, to consolidate afforestation, protection of forest resources, optimizing ecological environment and economic development to make new contributions.