高二新人教選修6Art-Grammar[虛擬語(yǔ)氣]

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1、Subjunctive Mood虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣4 陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈祈使語(yǔ)氣使語(yǔ)氣Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一一. 語(yǔ)氣的分類語(yǔ)氣的分類4 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.關(guān)于陳

2、述語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣 1 1What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于陳述語(yǔ)氣 2 2關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 1 1關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣關(guān)于祈使語(yǔ)氣 2 2關(guān)于關(guān)于祈祈使語(yǔ)氣使語(yǔ)氣 3 3關(guān)于關(guān)于祈祈使語(yǔ)氣使語(yǔ)氣 4 4條件條件從句從句If 從句的謂語(yǔ)形從句的謂語(yǔ)形式式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去未來(lái)未來(lái)V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/migh

3、t+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。Eg:1.a. If he were here I would explain to him myself b. If there were no water on the earth , there would be no life . c. If we had time now , we should (would ) read it again . 2.

4、 a. If I had seen him yesterday ,I would have asked him for help . b. If I had taken his advice ,I should not have made such a mistake . c. I wouldnt have believed it , if I hadnt seen it happen .3. a. If you dropped the glass , it would break . b. If it were to rain tomorrow ,the sports meeting wou

5、ld be put off . c. If she should come , I would ask her for help.二二. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型:1. wish 的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句從句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在: 過(guò)去時(shí)（過(guò)去時(shí)（were）過(guò)去過(guò)去: 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)未來(lái)未來(lái): would/could/might +V. shouldI wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much waterme

6、lon.(2) 表示對(duì)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況過(guò)去情況的虛擬的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞從句動(dòng)詞常用常用“had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. would rather that現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在:過(guò)去過(guò)去:未來(lái)未來(lái):I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorr

7、ow.過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)3. as if /though + Clause 現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.4. Its (

8、about/high) time +that過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)(were)Should(不省不省) +V.你該走了。你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們?cè)撊ノ覀冊(cè)撊ニX(jué)了。睡覺(jué)了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。使用使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 或者將或者將sho

9、uld省略。省略。賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞: 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持, 兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令, 三個(gè)建議三個(gè)建議, 四個(gè)要求。即四個(gè)要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desire eg; 1. We suggested that Tom have a rest. 2. He insisted that I (should) be present 3.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed th

10、e next day. 4.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”, 即它們用于其即它們用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)時(shí),賓賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。1. The guard

11、at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句包括主語(yǔ)從句,

12、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6. witho

13、ut和和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。but for要不是要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.含蓄條件句:有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要,在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句,而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件

14、句. I was ill that day .otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副詞) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(連詞) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定語(yǔ)從句) Everything taken into consideration , they would have

15、 raised their output quickly .(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that

16、-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬, 即即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.三三. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn): 1. 假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致, 叫做叫做

17、錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句和從句的謂錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2. 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句中有should, were, had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把if省略省略,并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。

18、If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have

19、run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 3. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以should + have done 的形式的形式出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做的事情的事情, 從而表示一種責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。從而表示一種責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2) You should have come

20、 here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.注意：注意： 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用去時(shí)態(tài)一律用 were, 不用不用was, 即在即在從句中從句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你如果我是你, 就會(huì)去找他。就會(huì)去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒如果他在這兒, 一切都會(huì)好的。一切都會(huì)好

21、的。1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The fire _ if you had been more careful .A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn

22、, you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.If it _ rain , the crops would be saved . A. should B. will C. is going to D. was to 5. _ today , he would get to Germany by Friday . A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Wou

23、ld he leave D. If he leaves 6.If he _ it , he _ it. A. had seen ; could have believed B. saw ; couldnt believe C. saw ; couldnt have believed D. has seen ; had believed 7.- He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 8. I wish I _ able to tell him

24、all about it last night . A. was B. were C. had been D. should go 9.I wish I _ you yesterday . A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see10. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be 11.I wish that you _.A. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. h

25、ave got a good job12. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 13. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know how busy I was .A. should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D

26、. should ; had 14. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew15. - Would you like to work in my company ? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to s

27、tay ; goes 16. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done 17. -How does your aunt act ? - She acts as if she _ an expert . A. were B. was C. is D. has been 18. The child talks to us as if he _ a grown-up . A. is B. will

28、 be C. had been D. were 19. I remember the story as though I _ . A. just read it B. have just read it C. had just read it D. were just reading it .20. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken21. The two strangers tal

29、ked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 22. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began 23.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ?- Okay, I _ my breakfast .A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finis

30、hingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 25. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 26. Kitty talks as if she

31、_ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 27. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 28. The professor gave orders that the test _ before 5:30 pm. A, be finished B. will finish C, must be finished D. should finished 29. My father

32、was strict . He requested that I _ television on week nights . A, mustnt watch B. not watch C, couldnt watch D. dont watch 30. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 31.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . A. must pa

33、y B. pay C. paid D. had paid 32. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 33. Its one oclock in the morning . Its high time that you _ your store . A, close B. should close C. have closed D. had closed 34. It _ hard now , ot

34、herwise we could go out to play .A. rained B. rains C. is raining D. would rain 35. I was ill that day , otherwise I _ the sports meet . would take part in B. had taken part in C. took part in D. would have taken part in 36. But for the party , he _ of hunger 30 year ago . A. would have died B. must

35、 have died C. would die D. died 37. Without your help , I _ the exam last term . A. would have passed B. wouldnt pass C. would have failed D. failed in 38. They helped me a lot . I dont know what I _ without their help . would do B. had done C. would have done D. will have done 39. He hesitated for

36、a moment before kicking the ball , otherwise he _ a goal . A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 40. If I had studied English last year , I _ able to speak it now . A. would have been B. should be C. had been D. could be 41. If you _ your medicine yesterday , you would be well

37、now . A. took B. would take C. had taken D. would have taken 42. - Is he feeling any better ? - No, if he had followed the doctors advice . He _ quite all right now . A. will have been B. would have been C. would be D. will be 43.If we had known that she had planned to go abroad today , we _ at the

38、airport. A. will see her off B. have seen her off C. would see her off D. had seen her off 44. Look at the trouble I am in ! If only I _ your advice . A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 45. It is hard for me to image what I would be doing today if I _ love , at the age of s

39、even , with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown . A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 46. If you were older , I _ you to go there yesterday . A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 47. If you _ the medicine you _ better now. A. took ; would feel B. had taken ; felt C. had taken ; would feel D. took ; would have felt