《中考英語命題研究 第二部分 語法專題突破篇 專題十 動詞的時態(tài) 第一節(jié) 時態(tài)的基本構成精講試題1》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關《中考英語命題研究 第二部分 語法專題突破篇 專題十 動詞的時態(tài) 第一節(jié) 時態(tài)的基本構成精講試題1(6頁珍藏版)》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
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專題十 動詞的時態(tài)
,青海五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢
編者按:動詞時態(tài)是青海中考必考點,主要涉及過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時和一般將來時。其中過去進行時考查頻率最高,其次為現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時。以單項選擇中考查時態(tài)的用法居多。所以,考生要重點掌握六種時態(tài)的基本用法和構成,也要掌握時態(tài)的判斷方法。尤其是現(xiàn)在完成時的用法,重點掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的結構和現(xiàn)在完成時中持續(xù)性動詞與非持續(xù)性動詞的轉換。
第一節(jié) 時態(tài)的基本構成
,青海中考重難點突破
【滿分點撥】
1.動詞的五種基本形式變化表
英語動詞有五種基本形式,即動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)(現(xiàn)在式)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。
2、形式
構成
例詞
動詞原形
沒有經(jīng)過任何變形,就是詞典中一般給出的形式。
be,do,have,come
第三人稱
單數(shù)
一般在動詞原形后直接加s。
work—works
read—reads
以s,o,x,z,sh,ch結尾的動詞,后加es。
go—goes
wash—washes
以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,應將y改為i再加es。
fly—flies
study—studies
過去式與
過去分詞
一般在動詞原形后直接加ed。
work—worked
stay—stayed
3、
在以e結尾的動詞后只加d。
close—closed
like—liked
以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,應將y改為i再加ed。
study—studied
carry—carried
以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫此輔音字母再加ed。
stop—stopped
plan—planned
續(xù)表
形式
構成
例詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
一般在動詞原形后直接加ing。
sleep—sleeping
wait—waiting
以不發(fā)音的e結尾的動詞,去e再加ing。
smile—smiling
4、
move—moving
以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫此輔音字母再加ing。
sit—sitting
dig—digging
plan—planning
少數(shù)以ie結尾的動詞,變ie為y,再加ing。
die—dying
lie—lying
常見的短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉換
短暫性動詞
延續(xù)性動詞
have closed/opened
have been closed/open
have died
have been dead
have left
have been away
have beg
5、un/started
have been on
have finished/ended
have been over
have become
have been
have borrowed
have kept
have bought
have had
have joined
have been a member of/
have been in
have left sp.
have been away from sp.
have fallen asleep
have been asleep
have put on
have worn
have caug
6、ht/got a cold
have had a cold
have got to know
have known
.常見六種時態(tài)的構成及用法
種類
意義
構成特點
時間標志詞
例句
備注
一般
現(xiàn)在時
1.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作;
2.目前的狀態(tài);
3.客觀真理。
be用am/is/are;主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,作謂語的行為動詞詞尾加s/es;其他人稱和數(shù)用動詞原形。
often,sometimes,usually,always,twice a month,on Sundays,every week/
7、month/
year…(every系列)
He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他經(jīng)常早上7點去學校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉。
一般
過去時
1.過去發(fā)生的動作;
2.過去存在的狀態(tài)。
be用was/were;其他動詞用過去式。
just now,… ago,in 1980,
last night/week/
month…(last系列),this morning
8、,yesterday,the other day,used to
We went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我們?nèi)チ藲v史博物館。
I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。
一般
將來時
1.將來發(fā)生的動作;
2.將來存在的狀態(tài)。
1.助動詞will
(shall)+動詞原形;
2.am/is/are going to+動詞原形。
tomorrow,from now on,soon,in the future
9、,next year/week/month/
term…(next系列)
I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我將在校門口見你。
Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15歲了。
在時間和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
現(xiàn)在
進行時
說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。
am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
now,at present,at the moment,look,listen
The telephone is ring
10、ing.Could you answer it,please?電話響了,你可以接聽一下嗎?
表示位置移動或狀態(tài)變化的動詞,如:come,go,leave等詞的現(xiàn)在進行時形式可表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
過去
進行時
過去某一階段或某一時刻正在進行的動作。
was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
at 1:00 last night,at that moment,表示過去時間的狀語從句。
I was reading when he came in.當他進來的時候,我正在讀書。He was always complaining about something
11、.他總是抱怨一些事情。
在復合句中,如果兩個動作同時發(fā)生,那么延續(xù)性動詞用過去進行時,短暫性動詞用一般過去時,通常在when或while引導的時間狀語從句中出現(xiàn)。
現(xiàn)在
完成時
1.到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作;對現(xiàn)在還有影響;
2.從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
have/has+動詞的過去分詞。
yet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten years
He has only been to the Grea
12、t Wall once.他去過長城一次。
I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我來到青年志愿者有五年了。
1.since后面的從句用一般過去時,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時;2.短暫性動詞不與一段時間連用。如果要與一般時間連用必須換成延續(xù)性動詞。(見上表)
考點搶測】
( B )1.(2016武漢中考)—Who is that lady?
—Shes Miss Green.She ________ us music,and she is so good.
A.taught B.teaches
13、
C.will teach D.is teaching
( B )2.(2016北京中考)—Where did you go last weekend?
—I ________ to the Great Wall.
A.go B.went
C.will go D.have gone
( B )3.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian ________ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.
A.buy B.bought
C.will buy D.would buy
( B )4.(2016河
14、北中考)Oh no!I ________ my book in the lab.
A.leave B.left
C.will leave D.was leaving
( B )5.(2016河南中考)—There is someone knocking at the door.
—It must be the computer repairman.I ________________________________________________________________________
him to come to fix my computer.
A.call B.
15、have called
C.called D.will call
( C )6.We make it a rule that each of us________the bedroom one day a week.
A.has cleaned B.have cleaned
C.cleans
( C )7.Mr.Green,a famous writer,________ our school next week.
A.visited B.visits
C.will visit
( C )8.The last time I________to the cinema w
16、as two years ago.
A.go B.have gone
C.went
( C )9.Look,some people________photos on the beach.
A.took B.takes
C.a(chǎn)re taking
( B )10.My brother________books at that moment.
A.read B.was reading
C.will read
( C )11.(2016青海中考模擬)I________Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A.didnt hear from
B.dont hear from
C.havent heard from
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