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1、動(dòng)詞不定式用法歸納 概說(shuō)動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)是初中英語(yǔ)課的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是中考要考查的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。動(dòng)詞不定式屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常把它和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混在一起，掌握起來(lái)有困難。下面我們對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法做簡(jiǎn)單歸納，幫助同學(xué)們記憶 動(dòng)詞不定式的主要用法 一、動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、動(dòng)詞不定式是由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成(有時(shí)可以不帶to)。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是“not+動(dòng)詞不定式”(此時(shí)not不能再與助動(dòng)詞連用)。三、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等的功能，可在句中用做多種句子成分。 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 配套練習(xí) 主語(yǔ)：常置于句
2、末，而用主語(yǔ)：常置于句末，而用itit代替其做形式主語(yǔ)。代替其做形式主語(yǔ)。例：例：To go in for sportsTo go in for sports helps you stay fit. helps you stay fit. It helps you stay fit It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.to go in for sports. It is dangerous It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea to swim in the deep sea on your own. on
3、 your own.注：此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)可由注：此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)可由forfor或或ofof引出，引出， 邏輯主語(yǔ)由邏輯主語(yǔ)由ofof引出時(shí)，表語(yǔ)的形容詞為引出時(shí)，表語(yǔ)的形容詞為kindkind，nicenice， good good，politepolite，cleverclever，foolishfoolish，rightright，wrongwrong等等 表示性格品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞。表示性格品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞。 例：例：Its right of him Its right of him to refuse the invitationto refuse the invi
4、tation. . (him (him為邏輯主語(yǔ)為邏輯主語(yǔ)) ) 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了直接作主語(yǔ)直接作主語(yǔ)外，外， 常放在：常放在： It is It is adjadj（形容詞）（形容詞）to do sthto do sth或或 It is It is n n（名詞）（名詞）to do sthto do sth句型中，句型中， it it僅作形式主語(yǔ)。僅作形式主語(yǔ)。 返回 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 賓賓 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。例：例：would you like to see my photos?w
5、ould you like to see my photos? Kevin planned to visit his uncle Kevin planned to visit his uncle類似用法的詞還有：類似用法的詞還有： startstart，wantwant，agreeagree，hopehope，beginbegin，decidedecide agree，love，like ，hate ，prefer等。等。I found it very difficult to get a job.(itI found it very difficult to get a job.(it為形式
6、賓語(yǔ)為形式賓語(yǔ)) )點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律： 這些動(dòng)詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動(dòng)名詞，意思這些動(dòng)詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動(dòng)名詞，意思 區(qū)別不大區(qū)別不大提示板：提示板：like doinglike doing指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，而指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，而like to dolike to do指一次性的動(dòng)作。指一次性的動(dòng)作。 I like swimming I like swimming，but I dont like to swim nowbut I dont like to swim now 我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。 stopstop，forgetforget，remem
7、berremember，go on go on ，trytry等詞或短語(yǔ)后面可以等詞或短語(yǔ)后面可以接不定式。接不定式。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意思大不相同。點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意思大不相同。 提示板：提示板： 1 1）stop to do sthstop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sthstop doing sth：停止正在做的事。：停止正在做的事。 例句：例句： When the teacher came in When the teacher came in，the student
8、s stopped the students stopped talking talking；當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，學(xué)生們停止說(shuō)話；當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，學(xué)生們停止說(shuō)話； when he came out when he came out，the students stopped to talkthe students stopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走出去時(shí)，學(xué)生們又開(kāi)始說(shuō)話。當(dāng)老師走出去時(shí)，學(xué)生們又開(kāi)始說(shuō)話。 2 2）思考：）思考：forgetforget，rememberremember，go ongo on，trytry等詞或短語(yǔ)后面接等詞或短語(yǔ)后面接不定式和動(dòng)名詞用法有何區(qū)別？不定式和動(dòng)名
9、詞用法有何區(qū)別？ 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：在點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：在findfindfeelfeelit itadjadjto do sthto do sth句型中，句型中，it it是是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text I feel it easy to recite the tex
10、t 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：某些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后面既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：某些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后面既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)， 又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過(guò)造又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過(guò)造 句子加以區(qū)分，如上頁(yè)的句子加以區(qū)分，如上頁(yè)的stopstop例句。例句。 返回表表 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)放在連系動(dòng)詞放在連系動(dòng)詞bebe后面后面 例句：例句：His wish is to become a scientistHis wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the enviroment Our duty is to prote
11、ct the enviroment. . The first important thing is to save theThe first important thing is to save the soldierslives soldierslives 當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常對(duì)連系點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常對(duì)連系動(dòng)詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說(shuō)明。動(dòng)詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說(shuō)明。 返回 定定 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞 、代詞的后面。、代詞的后面。例：例： He is
12、 the first person to sail around the world. He is the first person to sail around the world. I have a lot of work to do I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式若在句中作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾的名詞、點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式若在句中作定語(yǔ)，常放在
13、被修飾的名詞、 代詞之后。代詞之后。 提示板：如果動(dòng)詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，提示板：如果動(dòng)詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 且動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。如：且動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。如： I have a small bedroom to live I have a small bedroom to live inin Have you got some pens to write Have you got some pens to write withwith？ 返回 作 狀 語(yǔ) a a目的狀語(yǔ)：放在目的狀語(yǔ)：放在gogo，comecom
14、e，useuse，livelive，in orderin order等詞后面等詞后面. .如：如： I come to see you I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to They brought in photos of their families for me to look at look at b b原因狀語(yǔ)：放在
15、原因狀語(yǔ)：放在sorrysorry，gladglad，surprisedsurprised， disappointed disappointed， excited excited等詞后面。（等詞后面。（有些資料上把這類稱為不定式在有些資料上把這類稱為不定式在表示心理、情感、評(píng)價(jià)等的形容詞后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，表示心理、情感、評(píng)價(jià)等的形容詞后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明， 作形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）如：）如： I am glad to see you here I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you I am sorry to troub
16、le you c c作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如： Some of the apples are hard to reach Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 返回賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)( (1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞后要帶to： tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。例： Iasked
17、afriendtoreadittome I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write (2)在表示感覺(jué)、致使等意義的動(dòng)詞(see，watch，hear，feel，make，let，have， observe， notice， help等)后不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號(hào)to要加上。如： Th
18、ey are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room 返回 “疑問(wèn)詞不定式”用法 不定式前可帶what，who，which，where，when，how, whose，等疑問(wèn)詞，這種不定式短語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)等。例：He didnt tell me where to go. (直賓) I dont know what to say now.(賓語(yǔ)) I dont know what to do next（賓語(yǔ)） He taught us how to use th
19、e computer（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） Its still a question how to get there（主語(yǔ)） 在初中階段還涉及到“不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式(to be+過(guò)去分詞)”例：There are twenty more trees to be planted. 返回根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1Its time for us _（have）supper 2Would you like_（go）shopping with me？ 3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem 4He is old enough_（joi
20、n）the army 5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister 6I am very glad_（meet）you here 7They prefer_（stay）at home rather than go out 8We saw them_（come）into the room just now 9What he said made me_（feel）sorry 10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news 11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains 12Have you got anything_（say）？ 13Have you decided which one_（choose）？ 14Do you know when_（start）？ 15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone to go 主語(yǔ)to go 賓語(yǔ)to work 主語(yǔ)to join 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)to have 形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(原)to meet 形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(原)to stay 賓語(yǔ)to come 賓補(bǔ)to feel 賓補(bǔ)to tell 賓語(yǔ)to spend 表語(yǔ)to say 定語(yǔ)to choose 定語(yǔ)to start 不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)to carry 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
廣東省佛山市中大附中三水實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)《動(dòng)詞不定式》課件（2） 外研版
