廣東省高三英語 第7講　動(dòng)　詞課件 新人教版

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1、第第7 7講講 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 翻譯下列句子，找出句子的謂語 1. We are proud of being Chinese.2. The flower smells sweet.1 動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成分？動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成分？ 我們?yōu)槭侵袊硕院?。謂語為are proud。 這花聞起來很香。謂語為smells。 3. Just sit back and wait for good news. 4. To our surprise, the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mothers. 5. Who can blow out a

2、ll the candles in one breath?1 輕松等待好消息吧。謂語為 sit and wait。 使我感到吃驚的是，這個(gè)陌生人竟然是我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友。謂語為 turned out。 誰能一口氣吹滅所有蠟燭？ 謂語為blow out。 6. Those who dont smoke may to live longer.1 不吸煙者有可能壽命長一些。從句謂語為 dont smoke；主句謂語為live。1 動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)謂語。 翻譯下列句子，比較句子中畫線動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別，總結(jié)動(dòng)詞的類別 1. I speak Chinese and English as well. 2. Do yo

3、u like singing English songs?2動(dòng)詞有哪些類別？動(dòng)詞有哪些類別？ 我講漢語也講英語。 speak：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 你喜歡唱英語歌曲嗎？do：助動(dòng)詞。 3. Ill do what I can to help her. 4. No matter where we are,_we should keep in mind our motherland.2 我會(huì)盡力幫助她。can：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 無論我們身在何方，我們應(yīng)該心系祖國。are：連系動(dòng)詞。2 動(dòng)詞包括四類：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞。 其中除實(shí)義動(dòng)詞外， 其余的幾類不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語。 1根據(jù)不同的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實(shí)義

4、動(dòng)詞可細(xì)分為： (1)根據(jù)是否接賓語，可以分為及物動(dòng)詞(帶賓語)和不及物動(dòng)詞(不帶賓語)； (2)根據(jù)是否有動(dòng)作感，可以分為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞(相對靜止)和動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞；2 (3)根據(jù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是否延續(xù)，可以分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞； (4)根據(jù)動(dòng)作所處的階段，可以分為過程動(dòng)詞和結(jié)果動(dòng)詞； (5)根據(jù)具體詞義，還可劃分更細(xì)類別，如： 表達(dá)心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，叫作心理動(dòng)詞； 表達(dá)五官感覺的動(dòng)詞叫感官動(dòng)詞； 2 表達(dá)“使，讓”的動(dòng)詞叫使役動(dòng)詞。 2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有：can(could)，may(might)，must，shall(should)，will，would，ought to，used to，have to

5、, would rather，had better，need，dare。 3助動(dòng)詞主要有： (1)進(jìn)行時(shí)或被動(dòng)態(tài)中的be(am，is，are/was，were)； (2)疑問句中的do(does，did)；2 (3)完成時(shí)中的have，has，had； (4)將來時(shí)中的will，would，shall，should(有時(shí)模糊地全劃到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。 4連系動(dòng)詞可以分為連系動(dòng)詞be (“是”的意思)和半系動(dòng)詞(既可以作連系動(dòng)詞又可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)。其中半系動(dòng)詞可進(jìn)一步分為： (1)表示感官： feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound，smell；2 (2)表示變化：

6、turn, go, become, fall, grow，come，get； (3)表示持續(xù)：remain, keep, stay； (4)表示證明：prove，turn out。 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，過去式實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，過去式/過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞形式有哪些變化規(guī)律？名詞形式有哪些變化規(guī)律？ 1.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式，并總結(jié)變化規(guī)律寫出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式，并總結(jié)變化規(guī)律 (1) do, fix, pass, push, teach (2) try, study，fry, rely (3) help, read, start, like3 (1) does; fixes;

7、 passes; pushes; teaches (2) tries; studies；fries; relies (3) helps; reads; starts; likes 2.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式/過去分詞形式，并總結(jié)變化規(guī)律 (1) love, serve, stare, glare (2) study, try, dry, cry (3) stop, drop, fit, clap3(1) loved; served; stared; glared (2) studied; tried; dried; cried(3) stopped; dropped; fitted; clapp

8、ed 3.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞形式，并總結(jié)變化規(guī)律 (1) write，dance, come, decline (2) begin, swim, run, sit (3) die, lie 3(1) writing；dancing; coming; declining(2) beginning; swimming; running; sitting (3) dying; lying 3 動(dòng)詞的變化分規(guī)則變化和非規(guī)則變化，其中規(guī)則變化規(guī)律如下： 1. 動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式規(guī)則變化規(guī)律： (1) 以o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的單詞加es； (2) 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞，改y為i加e

9、s; (3) 其他一般直接加s。3 2動(dòng)詞的過去式/過去分詞形式規(guī)則變化規(guī)律： (1) 以e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加d; (2) 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞，改y為i加ed； (3) 以一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉 音節(jié)，雙寫該輔音字母，再加ed。 3動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞形式規(guī)則變化規(guī)律： (1) 以e結(jié)尾的單詞去e加ing； 3 (2) 以一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫該輔音字母，再加ing; (3) 其他直接加ing。 注意：無論元音字母還是輔音字母y。其現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞形式一律直接加ing。翻譯下列句子，指出句中動(dòng)詞的特征1. I went there the other

10、day. 2. The library is being built. 4動(dòng)詞在用法上有什么特點(diǎn)？動(dòng)詞在用法上有什么特點(diǎn)？ 我前幾天去過那兒。went為陳述語氣，主動(dòng)態(tài)，過去時(shí)態(tài)。 圖書館正在修建。is being built為陳述語氣，被動(dòng)態(tài)，進(jìn)行時(shí)。4 3. Should you decide to go, I wouldnt say more. 4. The old man stood there，smoking.5. The old man stood there and smoked. 如果你決定去，我就不多說。Should decide為虛擬語氣，主動(dòng)態(tài)，將來時(shí)。 這個(gè)老人站在那兒

11、，抽著煙。stood為陳述語氣，主動(dòng)態(tài)，過去時(shí)態(tài)。 這個(gè)老人站到那兒去抽煙。stood there and smoked為陳述語氣，主動(dòng)態(tài)，過去時(shí)態(tài)。4 動(dòng)詞在用法上的特點(diǎn)： 1動(dòng)詞的基本屬性為時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞在使用時(shí)離不開時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣屬性。2.一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，其余的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用非謂語形式。但是，如果采用連詞，可以接多個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，作連動(dòng)式處理。 指出下列動(dòng)賓搭配中錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)并加以改正 (1) work hard English (2) broaden our horizon 5動(dòng)詞與其賓語的搭配有什么規(guī)律？動(dòng)詞與其賓語的搭配有什么規(guī)律？ 錯(cuò) 。正確為： work hard

12、at English 對。開闊我們的視野5 (3) bridge the gap (4) satisfy the needs (5) arouse the awareness (6) improve the mistake 對 。架建橋梁、填補(bǔ)空白 對 。 滿足需要 對。 喚醒意識 錯(cuò)。正確為：correct the mistake5 動(dòng)詞與賓語搭配規(guī)律： 一是語法正確，即不及物動(dòng)詞須借助介詞才能接賓語； 二是動(dòng)賓搭配的邏輯性正確，即動(dòng)賓之間搭配的規(guī)范性，不能錯(cuò)位搭配。 翻譯下列句子，指出不同語境下翻譯下列句子，指出不同語境下cover的含義的含義1. He tried to cover th

13、e truth but in vain.2. If the pot catches fire, covering it with a piece of wet cloth helps.6怎樣把握動(dòng)詞的用法？怎樣把握動(dòng)詞的用法？ 他試圖掩蓋真相但徒勞無益。 cover：掩蓋，隱瞞 假如鍋?zhàn)又鹆?，用濕布蓋住鍋?zhàn)右苍S可以滅掉火。cover：罩住，蓋住。6 3. An average bus may cover 1,000 km a day if in good order. 4. A news reporter has to cover the event before the news is p

14、ublished. 哈利接著約翰停止的地方繼續(xù)講那個(gè)故事。take up：繼續(xù)(中斷的活)，接下去。 (1)收發(fā)郵件占了他大部分時(shí)間。 (2)這張桌子占很多地方。 take up：占用(時(shí)間/空間)。6 5. The insurance company covered all the loss of the fire. 保險(xiǎn)公司彌補(bǔ)了火災(zāi)的所有損失。cover：彌補(bǔ)(損失)。6 動(dòng)詞的意思往往隨著上下文意思的變化而變化。一詞多義是動(dòng)詞的基本特點(diǎn)，也是動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。 翻譯下列句子，指出不同語境下短語動(dòng)詞take up的含義 1. She took up her bag and left. 2.

15、 He took up Spanish while in Spain. 7怎樣把握短語動(dòng)詞的用法怎樣把握短語動(dòng)詞的用法？ 她拿起她的手提包走了。 take up：拿起，舉起。 當(dāng)他在西班牙的時(shí)候，他開始學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語。take up: 開始做，從事，產(chǎn)生興趣等，尤其指做以前從未做過的事，或作為消遣的方式。 3. Harry took up the tale where John had left off. 4. (1) Receiving and sending emails takes up most of his time. (2) The table takes up much space

16、. 7 哈利接著約翰停止的地方繼續(xù)講那個(gè)故事。take up：繼續(xù)(中斷的活)，接下去。 (1)收發(fā)郵件占了他大部分時(shí)間。 (2)這張桌子占很多地方。 take up：占用(時(shí)間/空間)。 5. Dry sands take up water.7 干沙子吸收水分。take up：吸收(水分)。7 短語動(dòng)詞在不同的語境中有不同的含義，因而在語境中體會(huì)，學(xué)習(xí)短語動(dòng)詞的用法是學(xué)好動(dòng)詞的重要方法，孤立地機(jī)械地背誦短語的含義只能事倍功半。選擇單詞用其適當(dāng)形式填空 1. (1)_ at the sky.Can you _ anything moving? (look，see)(2)He _ careful

17、ly but _ nothing.(listen，hear) 2. (1)Please _ your hand before asking the teacher questions. (2)The sun _from the east. (rise, raise)8怎樣把握動(dòng)詞詞義區(qū)別怎樣把握動(dòng)詞詞義區(qū)別？ Look see listened heard raise rises 3. I have_ his invitation card but I wont _ it.(accept，receive) 4. This kind of coat _ me 300 yuan but he on

18、ly _ 200 on his (spend，cost) 5. (1) Our class_ their class in the football match yesterday. (2) Which team_ the gold medal at last？(beat，win，defeat)8receivedaccept cost spentbeat/defeated won 6. The man who is_ a black jacket is_Jack. (wear/dress) 7. Please try to _ him to give up his plan，though_ h

19、is doing so takes time.(advise，suggest) 8. (1) He was _ with murder. (2) The manager _ him of being too careless.(accuse，charge)8wearingdressing advise advising /suggesting chargedaccused 9. (1) Three from seven _ four. (2) If we take three from seven，four _.(remain，leave) 10. (1) Policemen usually

20、_ guns with them. (2) Mum，please _ me my ID card. I need it badly. (3) _ an umbrella，in case of rain. 8 leavesremains carry bring Take (4) Mike, Do you know where the nearest store is? Yes.What can I do for you? Please _ some beer for me. (carry，take，bring, fetch)8 fetch8 把握動(dòng)詞詞義的區(qū)別主要考慮以下幾個(gè)方面：動(dòng)作與結(jié)果的區(qū)

21、別：主觀與客觀的區(qū)別；主語的限定性(人還是物)；賓語的限定性(人還是物)；動(dòng)作與狀態(tài)的區(qū)別；及物與不及物的區(qū)別；短暫性與延續(xù)性的區(qū)別。在詞義相同時(shí)，兼顧固定搭配。 翻譯每組短語動(dòng)詞，指出短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)1. (1)deal with (2)account for (3)apply for (4) look after (5) break into 9常見短語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式常見短語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式？處理說明/解釋申請照顧闖入9 2. (1)give away (2) point out (3)take off (4) hand out (5) pick up 贈(zèng)送/泄露；指出；脫(衣服)，起飛；分發(fā)

22、；撿起，接(人)9 3. (1) make use of (2)catch sight of (3)keep pace with (4)take part in (5)take advantage of利用看到跟上，保持同一步調(diào)參加利用9 4. (1)catch up with (2)run out of (3)watch out for (4)get down to (5)look forward to趕上用完注意，小心著手，開始希望9 短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成方式主要有： 1動(dòng)詞 介詞；2. 動(dòng)詞 副詞；3. 動(dòng)詞名詞介詞；4. 動(dòng)詞 副詞介詞 10考綱有哪些常見短語動(dòng)詞？考綱有哪些常見短語動(dòng)詞？翻

23、譯下列短語動(dòng)詞1. break(1) break away_(2) break down_(3) break into_(4) break off_(5) break out_ 擺脫；逃跑 (機(jī)器)出故障；中斷；分解闖入；打斷；突然中斷中斷；折斷；突然停止突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)(6) break through _(7) break up _(8) break in _突破；克服；掙脫而出打碎；中斷；分解破門而入；打斷(談話)；插嘴10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2. bring(1) bring about (2) bring down (3) bring forward (4) bring in

24、to operation (5) bring out (6) bring up (7) bring back (8) bring in 10引起；造成使倒下；使下降；使受挫折提出；提前實(shí)施；使生效顯示出來；出版；生產(chǎn)提出；教育；培養(yǎng)；吐出把送回；使想起；恢復(fù)引進(jìn)；掙得3. call(1) call for (2) call off (3) call on (4) call up (5) call at (6) call in (7) call back 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _需要；要求；邀請取消；停止拜訪；看望；號召打電話；使人想起；召集訪問請來；召集回電話；召回4. come(1)

25、come about (2) come across (3) come along (4) come into effect (5) come off (6) come on (7) come out (8) come round/around 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _發(fā)生偶遇；碰到；講清楚進(jìn)展；成功；一道走生效發(fā)生；舉行；成功快點(diǎn)；走吧；有進(jìn)展出來；結(jié)果是出版再現(xiàn)；恢復(fù)知覺；改變看法(9) come through (10) come to (11) come up (12) come up to (13) come up against (14) come up with (15

26、) come back (16) come true 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _經(jīng)歷；獲得成功蘇醒；達(dá)到；總數(shù)為發(fā)生；走上前去；(時(shí)間)快到達(dá)到(高度、程度)；符合碰到(困難)趕上；提出回來；反駁變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)5. cut(1) cut across (2) cut back (3) cut down (4) cut in (5) cut off (6) cut out (7) cut short 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _抄近道穿過；超越；遮住削減；終止；急忙返回削減；減少插嘴；打斷；突然出來切斷；中斷；隔絕刪掉；戒掉中斷；打斷；縮短6. carry(1) carry on (2) c

27、arry out (3) carry through 10_ _ _繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持執(zhí)行；實(shí)施幫助渡過難關(guān)；完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)7. die(1) die away (2) die down (3) die of (4) die from (5) die out (6) be dying to do sth. 10_ _ _ _ _ _漸弱熄滅；平靜下來因(內(nèi)因)死亡因(外部原因)死亡滅絕；絕種迫切想做某事贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā)；泄露；告發(fā)；失去分發(fā)；公布；公開；用完(vi.)；耗盡(vi.)發(fā)出；放出放棄；自首；將交給某人(to sb.)； 對某人不抱希望(on sb.)屈服；投降；讓步；上交；呈交8. give(1)

28、 give away (2) give out (3) give off (4) give up (5) give in 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 進(jìn)展；陪同前往 時(shí)間過去；經(jīng)過；遵守下降；下沉；下跌 去；選擇；想要；攻擊(用語言) 從事；愛好；參加(選拔賽、考試等) 研究；調(diào)查，從事離開；爆炸；食品變壞；斷電；熄滅；(與 副詞連用或用于疑問句)進(jìn)行；發(fā)生9. go(1) go along (2) go by (3) go down (4) go for (5) go in for (6) go into (7) go off 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(8) go on (

29、9) go out (10) go over (11) go through (12) go up 10_ _ _ _ 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；發(fā)生；上場離開；熄滅；過時(shí)瀏覽；仔細(xì)查看；檢查；審查通過；經(jīng)歷(苦難)；仔細(xì)檢查上升；增長；漲價(jià)_ _ _ _10. get(1) get through (2) get in (3) get over (4) get on (5) get round (6) get about (7) get across (8) get along/on (with)10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _瀏覽；翻閱；經(jīng)歷困難(痛苦)；做完某事收割；收獲；收集；購買；買進(jìn)；插話克服；

30、戰(zhàn)勝；熬過；做完；結(jié)束；走完繼續(xù)；進(jìn)行；上車傳播；散播；說服某人；回避；避開四處走動(dòng)；傳開傳達(dá)；使讓人理解 進(jìn)展；相處_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(9) get down (10) get down to (11) get back (12) get out (13) get together 10記下；下來；下車；使憂愁(介詞) 開始認(rèn)真干恢復(fù)；回來；收回泄露；逃離聚會(huì)；收集11. hold(1) hold back (2) hold up (3) hold out 4) hold off 10阻礙；阻止；控制；抑制；隱瞞；保留；猶豫不決舉起；抬起；拿起；支撐；耽擱；使停頓

31、；攔劫；搶劫；舉出，提出維持；堅(jiān)持；伸出；拿出拖延；延遲_ _ _ _ _ _12. keep(1) keep away(from (2) keep back (3) keep off (4) keep on (5) keep out (6) keep up (7) keep up with 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _使遠(yuǎn)離扣除，保留；隱瞞避開；不接近繼續(xù)擋在外邊；(警示語)請勿靠近保持，不低落；持續(xù)，繼續(xù)跟上13. look(1) look after (2) look out (3) look back (4) look down on/upon (5) look for (6) lo

32、ok forward to (7) look in (8) look into 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _照顧；關(guān)心看；當(dāng)心；查閱；觀察回頭看；回顧輕視；看不起尋找；尋求；期望盼望；期待順便看望；順便拜訪調(diào)查，深入了解(9) look on (10) look over (11) look through (12) look up 10_ _ _ _觀看； 旁觀翻閱；瀏覽瀏覽；詳細(xì)調(diào)查查閱；查出14. make(1) make for (2) make out (3) make up (4) make up for (5) make up of 10_ _ _ _ _向前進(jìn)，快速走向理

33、解，領(lǐng)悟；辨認(rèn)出，寫出組成，占比例；彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償；捏造彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償由組成；包含有15. pick(1) pick out (2) pick up 10_ _ _ _挑出；分辨出；區(qū)別出拿起；撿起；收拾；偶然獲得，學(xué)會(huì)，接收(節(jié)目)；(開車)去接；(順便)捎帶16. put(1) put across (2) put aside (3) put away (4) put down (5) put forward (6) put in (7) put in for (8) put off 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _解釋清楚；使人接受放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保留放好；收好寫下；記下；鎮(zhèn)壓提出；推薦；把提

34、前伸進(jìn)；提出；提交；申請，請求申請；正式要求延期；推遲；關(guān)掉；阻止，妨礙(9) put on (10) put out (11) put up (12) put up with (13) put through 10_ _ _ _ _ _穿上；戴上；上演；增加(體重)熄滅；關(guān)燈；生產(chǎn)出，出版舉起；修建；提供，張貼忍受；容忍把電話)接通；做完；向傳達(dá)，提出(to sb.)17. send (1) send away (2) send for (3) send out (4) send up 10_ _ _ _送走；解雇派人去請發(fā)送；長出；發(fā)出(光、信號等)上升；發(fā)射18. set(1) set

35、about (2) set apart (3) set aside (4) set back (5) set down (6) set off (7) set out 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _開始做，著手使分離；使顯得突出留出；撥出推遲，阻礙；使花費(fèi)記下，寫下動(dòng)身出發(fā)；引起；使爆炸動(dòng)身出發(fā)；引起；表示“著手做”時(shí)后跟動(dòng) 詞不定式(8) set up 10_建立；創(chuàng)立；引起19. take (1) take after (2) take apart (3) take away (4) take down (5) take for (6) take in (7) take off (8)

36、 take on 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _與相似拆卸(機(jī)器)拿走；使離開；消除(病痛等)記下來；拆掉 (錯(cuò))當(dāng)作；(誤)認(rèn)為吸收；接受；領(lǐng)會(huì)；欺騙起飛；匆匆離去；脫下呈現(xiàn)；采納；承擔(dān)，從事(9) take ones time (10) take over (11) take to (12) take up 10_ _ _ _ _不要著急，慢慢地做接收，接管，取代喜歡；養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣占據(jù)，占(時(shí)間、空間)；開始從事20. turn(1) turn down (2) turn off (3) turn out (4) turn over (5) turn to (6) turn up 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _關(guān)小(音量)，調(diào)暗(燈光)，拒絕關(guān)上/掉；轉(zhuǎn)向；(使某人感到厭煩)關(guān)(燈)；制造；結(jié)果是；原來是；培養(yǎng) (使)翻轉(zhuǎn)/身；移交；周轉(zhuǎn)；仔細(xì)考慮求助于；(使)轉(zhuǎn)向；(把注意力等)轉(zhuǎn)向；翻書到開大(音量)；被發(fā)現(xiàn)，被找到；到達(dá)；露面；調(diào)亮(燈光) 短語動(dòng)詞數(shù)量繁多，以基本動(dòng)詞為線索，擴(kuò)展短語動(dòng)詞，就能理清線索，且使短語動(dòng)詞識記變得容易。10