高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 基礎(chǔ)語法 第九課時(shí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件 牛津譯林版

《高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 基礎(chǔ)語法 第九課時(shí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件 牛津譯林版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 基礎(chǔ)語法 第九課時(shí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件 牛津譯林版（45頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第九課時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞1.(2016浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study _ in Australia in 2012. A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted 答案D分析句子成分可知，句中沒有連詞，所以空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且 a study和 conduct 構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。感 悟 高 考2.(2016浙江高考)I had as much fun sailing

2、the seas as I now do_with students. A.working B.work C.to work D.worked 答案A句意：我現(xiàn)在與學(xué)生一起工作和航海一樣有著同等的樂趣。所選詞形應(yīng)與sailing一致，在句中作方式狀語。3.(2016北京高考)_ it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand. A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make 答案D句意：為了更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，你最好把這張名片卡放在手頭。由本句話的后半句可知，make的邏輯主語為yo

3、u，you與make之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意可知，非謂語動(dòng)詞在這里作目的狀語，故選D。4.(2016北京高考)_ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered 答案D句意：那些書一周前已經(jīng)預(yù)定了，應(yīng)該隨時(shí)會(huì)到達(dá)。 order與其邏輯主語the books之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選D。5.(2016北京高考)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，_ the ol

4、d town into a dreamland. A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.turned 答案B句意：新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，將這個(gè)古老的小鎮(zhèn)變成了一個(gè)夢(mèng)幻之地。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。故選B。6.(2016天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_ air conditioning unnecessary. A.making B.to make C.made D.being made 答案A句意：冷風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶襲來，使得開空調(diào)變得沒有必要?？仗幵诰渲凶鹘Y(jié)果狀

5、語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，且與句子主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。考點(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語考 點(diǎn) 清 單規(guī)則 不定式作狀語作目的狀語。注意其他非謂語動(dòng)詞形式不能用作目的狀語。To make himself heard，he raised his voice.為了讓自己被人聽到，他提高了聲音。規(guī)則 不定式作狀語作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.我們急匆匆趕到車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已開走了。規(guī)則 形容詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，后面可接不定式作原因狀語。常見詞有：happy，l

6、ucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。規(guī)則 作狀語的分詞要求其邏輯主語與句子的主語保持一致。Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.因?yàn)椴焕斫膺@個(gè)問題，他問了老師。規(guī)則 若現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作

7、之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式(having done)。Having lived in New York for years，I know each part of it very well.由于住在紐約多年，我對(duì)這里的每一處都很熟悉。規(guī)則 若與句中主語為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式(having been done)。Having been hit by the big boy on the nose，the little boy began to cry.因?yàn)楸荒莻€(gè)大孩子打在了鼻子上，那個(gè)小孩開始大哭。規(guī)則 如句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，則要用過去

8、分詞(done)。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.從山頂上看，這座城市很漂亮。規(guī)則 如句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，就用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)。Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗?？键c(diǎn)二非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語規(guī)則 下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine，learn

9、，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。此外afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。They have agreed to give me another chance.他們已經(jīng)答應(yīng)給我另外一次機(jī)會(huì)。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時(shí)，她假裝沒看見我。規(guī)則 下列動(dòng)詞或詞組只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲

10、沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy (想象，設(shè)想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；cant help (禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape。I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今

11、天下午如果你能給我回電話，我將非常感激。My mother couldnt help smiling when she heard the good news.聽到那好消息，我媽媽情不自禁地笑起來。規(guī)則 下列短語和動(dòng)詞詞組后也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，cant stand (無法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，hav

12、e a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)，look forward to等短語和動(dòng)詞詞組后也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。We are looking forward to coming to China.我們期待著來中國。Parents should pay more attention to the cases where their children have difficulty (in) adapting to new surroundings.當(dāng)孩子們對(duì)新環(huán)境不適應(yīng)時(shí)，父母?jìng)儜?yīng)多加關(guān)注。規(guī)則 下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，也可以跟

13、不定式作賓語：What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的記憶力！昨天我忘了向他借過錢，但今天我又忘了把錢還給他?？梢园聪旅娴目谠E記住上述動(dòng)詞：“四記”“力爭(zhēng)”不“后悔”。四“記”指“記得、記住(remember)”；“忘記(forget)”；“計(jì)劃、打算(mean)”；“繼續(xù)(go on)”；“力爭(zhēng)”指“try”；“后悔”指regret。考點(diǎn)三非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)規(guī)則 感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)see，watch，observ

14、e，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的賓語補(bǔ)足語有四種形式，以see為例：I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看見他幾分鐘前離開了。規(guī)則 使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have，get后加復(fù)合賓語的情況：The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那個(gè)老師提高了嗓門以便別人能聽到他。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.讓那些需要(幫助)的人明白我們會(huì)盡全力去幫

15、他們。Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(請(qǐng)人)修一下我的自行車。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亞歷山大試圖使他的工作被醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)可?？键c(diǎn)四非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語規(guī)則 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。The park was full of people，enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公園里人山人海，人們?cè)陉柟庀峦娴煤芸鞓?。?guī)則 過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾

16、的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成。Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.建于1911年的清華大學(xué)是無數(shù)杰出人物的搖籃。規(guī)則 不定式作定語表示未做的事情。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。考點(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語規(guī)則 不定式、動(dòng)名詞都可作主語，通?？梢杂胕t來作形式主語。但動(dòng)名詞作主語多指抽

17、象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth.吃太多的巧克力對(duì)你的牙齒有害。Its necessary to hold another meeting to discuss the issue again.有必要再舉行一次會(huì)議來討論這個(gè)問題。規(guī)則 動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征；不定式作表語時(shí)，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來的動(dòng)作。Our job is playing all kinds of music.我們的工作是演奏各種各樣的音樂。Your

18、 task today is to wash the curtains.你今天的任務(wù)是洗窗簾。規(guī)則 下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語：(1)It is/was a waste (of.)/no use/no good doing sthIts no use complaining without taking action.不采取行動(dòng)只是抱怨是沒有用的。(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sthThere is no sense (in) worrying about it now.現(xiàn)在大可不必為那件事憂慮?？键c(diǎn)六with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

19、規(guī)則 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成及意義With so many people looking at him，he felt very nervous.那么多人看著他，他感到很緊張。She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行車被偷，她只好步行回家。The girl feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可以參觀，小女孩很興奮。規(guī)則 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成及其含義The boy leading the way，we had no trouble finding the str

20、ange cave.由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那個(gè)奇怪的洞。So many children to support，they both have to work full time.有這么多孩子要養(yǎng)，他們倆不得不全日工作。Many trees，flowers，and grass to be planted，our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹、花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)校看上去將更美。The meeting over，our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散會(huì)了，

21、校長很快就離開了會(huì)議室。There being no bus，we had to walk home.由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家?？键c(diǎn)七非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 規(guī)則 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式形式意義意義構(gòu)成構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式與句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生與句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生to doto be done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行行to be doing完成式完成式在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生to have doneto have bee

22、n done完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前并且發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前并且持續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)仍持續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行在進(jìn)行to have been doingThe boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，那個(gè)男孩假裝正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要舉行的會(huì)議很重要。規(guī)則 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式形式意義意義主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式與謂語動(dòng)詞

23、的動(dòng)作同與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或稍后發(fā)生時(shí)或稍后發(fā)生doingbeing done完成式完成式先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作完成完成h a v i n g donehaving been doneI still remember being sent to school for the first time.我仍記得第一次被送到學(xué)校上學(xué)的情景。Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.雖然被告訴過好多次了，但他仍然重復(fù)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Having finished the letter，he folded i

24、t and put it into the envelope.寫完信后，他把信折起來裝進(jìn)了信封?？键c(diǎn)八非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義規(guī)則 在“主語系動(dòng)詞表語(形容詞)to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語和不定式之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且形容詞表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。How did the accident happen was difficult to find out because there were

25、few people on the street at that time.很難查明這起事故是如何發(fā)生的，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)街上幾乎沒人。The chair is very comfortable to sit on.這把椅子坐上去很舒服。規(guī)則 動(dòng)詞need，want，require作“需要”講時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可跟不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)；be worth后也用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The figures need to be checked/checking again before we draw a conclusion.在我們得出結(jié)論前，這些數(shù)據(jù)需要再檢查一遍。1.正確判

26、斷非謂語動(dòng)詞解 題 策 略句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分為三類，即簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。并列句和復(fù)合句都需要連詞來引導(dǎo)，如果句子中出現(xiàn)了連詞，應(yīng)選謂語動(dòng)詞形式，如果兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中未出現(xiàn)連詞，則考慮用非謂語動(dòng)詞。_ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been toldB.ToldC.He was toldD.Though he had been told答案C用連詞but 引導(dǎo)并列句子，因此，前面與后句一樣也是個(gè)獨(dú)立句子，故選C項(xiàng)。2.正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作

27、謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致，找不到其邏輯主語時(shí)，整個(gè)句子或句子的主語就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的保證，不管是做什么成分的非謂語動(dòng)詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)： (1)如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，可用現(xiàn)在分詞； (2)如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用過去分詞。_ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a s

28、ea of trees.A.Seen B.SeeingC.Having seen D.To see答案A句意：從塔頂看，這座山的南邊腳下是樹的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一個(gè)過去分詞短語，在句子中作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語the south foot，它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。3.正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后順序非謂語動(dòng)詞具備動(dòng)詞的一些特點(diǎn)，也可以有動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，對(duì)于謂語動(dòng)詞，我們用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間；對(duì)于非謂語動(dòng)詞不能用時(shí)態(tài)來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問題。非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)間，即相對(duì)于謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間而言。同時(shí)

29、也需要了解非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式所表示的時(shí)間含義。如to have done，having done表示該動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生；to be doing，doing強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Dina，_ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A.struggling B.struggledC.having struggled D.to struggle答案C句意：蒂娜，奮斗了幾個(gè)月，想找個(gè)做女服務(wù)員的工作，最后在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個(gè)職位。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，因Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式作定語。