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1、GrammarGrammar一、一、概念概念 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出 。關(guān)系代詞有：關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, who, whom, whose, that, whichthat, which等。等。關(guān)系副詞有：關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, whywhen, where, why等。等。二、二、用法用法 1 1、關(guān)
2、系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1 1）whowho( (主格主格) ), whom, whom（賓格）（賓格）, , thatthat 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：a) a) 他就是
3、他就是 我昨天見(jiàn)到的我昨天見(jiàn)到的 那個(gè)人。那個(gè)人。He is the man.He is the man.I saw him yesterday.I saw him yesterday.He is the man He is the man whomwhom I saw I saw yesterday.yesterday.b) b) 你認(rèn)識(shí)你認(rèn)識(shí) 站在那邊的站在那邊的 那個(gè)人嗎？那個(gè)人嗎？Do you know the man?Do you know the man?He is standing over there.He is standing over there.Do you know
4、the man Do you know the man whowho is is standing over there?standing over there?（ ） （ ）2 2）whose whose 用來(lái)指人或物。用來(lái)指人或物。 例如：例如：a) a) 小明，他的父親是工程師，是我們班級(jí)小明，他的父親是工程師，是我們班級(jí)里最好的學(xué)生。里最好的學(xué)生。（ ）XiaoXiao Ming is the best student in Ming is the best student in our class.our class.His father is an engineer.His fat
5、her is an engineer.Xiao Xiao Ming Ming whosewhose father is an father is an engineer is the best student in engineer is the best student in our class.our class.注意：注意：定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞的后面定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞的后面（即定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞）（即定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞）3 3）which, that which, that 所代替的先行詞是事物所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、
6、賓語(yǔ)等。等。 例如例如 ：a) a) 這是這是 我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的 工廠。工廠。（ ）This is the factory.This is the factory.We visited it last year.We visited it last year.This is the factory which / that This is the factory which / that we visited last year.we visited last year.說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。以省略。b) b) 這是這是 去
7、年建造的去年建造的 工廠。工廠。（ ）This is the factory.This is the factory.It was built last year.It was built last year.This is the factory which / that This is the factory which / that was built last year.was built last year. 2 2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作
8、狀語(yǔ)。 1 1）關(guān)系副詞）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why when, where, why 的含的含義相當(dāng)于義相當(dāng)于 “介詞介詞+ which” + which” 結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和常和“介詞介詞+ which”+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：a) a) 我仍然記得我仍然記得 我參軍的我參軍的 那一天。那一天。（ ）I still remember the day.I still remember the day.On that day I joined the army.On that day I joined the army.I still r
9、emember the day I still remember the day whenwhen I I joined the army. joined the army. 或或I still remember the day I still remember the day on on whichwhich I joined the army. I joined the army. b) b) 這就是這就是 我們?nèi)ツ曜〉奈覀內(nèi)ツ曜〉?房屋。房屋。（ ）This is the house.This is the house.We lived in it last year.We lived
10、in it last year.This is the house This is the house wherewhere we we lived last year. lived last year. 或或This is the house This is the house in whichin which we we lived last year. lived last year. 或或 This is the house This is the house whichwhich we we lived lived inin last year. last year. c) c) 你
11、知道你知道 他遲到的他遲到的 原因嗎？原因嗎？（ ）Do you know the reason?Do you know the reason?He was late for that reason.He was late for that reason.Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy he he was late? was late? 或或Do you know the reason Do you know the reason for for whichwhich he was late? he was late?
12、2 2）當(dāng)先行詞是指時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí)，并）當(dāng)先行詞是指時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí)，并非就用非就用when, where, why when, where, why 來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。從句。 例如：例如： 這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的地方。這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的地方。 這是我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯牡胤?。這是我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯牡胤健?a)a)vtvt. .vi.vi.This is the place This is the place which / thatwhich / that we visited last year.we visited last year.This is the place This is t
13、he place wherewhere we we worked last year.worked last year. 我仍然記得我入團(tuán)的那一天。我仍然記得我入團(tuán)的那一天。 我仍然記得我們一起度過(guò)的那一天。我仍然記得我們一起度過(guò)的那一天。b)b)I still remember the day I still remember the day when when I joined the League.I joined the League.I still remember the day I still remember the day that / that / whichwhich w
14、e spent together. we spent together. 3 3、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一：方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全 This is the mountain village This is the mountain village wherewhere I stayed last year. I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞
15、；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：IllIll never forget the days never forget the days whenwhen I I worked together with you.worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。 方法二：方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。A. whereA. whereB. that
16、B. that C. on which C. on which D. the oneD. the one例例1.1. Is this the museum _ you Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?visited a few days ago?例例2.2. Is this museum _ you Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?visited a few days ago?A. whereA. whereB. thatB. that C. on which C. on w
17、hich D. the oneD. the oneB BD Da) a) 在在 there be there be 句型中，只用句型中，只用 thatthat，不，不 用用 whichwhich。b)b)不定代詞，如：不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, littlethe one, all, much, few, any, little等等作先行詞時(shí)，只用作先行詞時(shí)，只用 thatthat，不用，不用 whichwhich 。c)c)先行詞有先行詞有 the only, the v
18、ery the only, the very 修飾時(shí)，修飾時(shí)，只用只用 thatthat。d) d) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)，只用時(shí)，只用 thatthat。e) e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí) 。1.1.His parents wouldnHis parents wouldnt let him t let him marry anyone _ family was marry anyone _ family was poor.poor.A. of whom B. whomA. of whom B. whomC. of who
19、seC. of whose D. whoseD. whose D D2.2.In the dark street, there wasnIn the dark street, there wasnt t a single person _ she could a single person _ she could turn for help. turn for help. A. thatA. that B. whoB. whoC. from whomC. from whom D. to whomD. to whom D D定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)3.3.After living in Pair
20、s for fifty After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where A. which B. where C. thatC. that D. whenD. when B B4.4.He lived in London for 3 months, He lived in London for 3 month
21、s, during _ time he learned some during _ time he learned some English.English.A. thisA. this B. which B. which C. thatC. that D. sameD. same B B5.5.I had neither a raincoat nor an I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through.umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats
22、 whyA. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its howC. Theres why D. Its howB B6.6.I dont like _ you speak to I dont like _ you speak to her.her. A.the way that B.the way in thatA.the way that B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of thatC.the way which D.the way of thatA A下面請(qǐng)看定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法（二）
23、下面請(qǐng)看定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法（二） 4 4、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 thatthat 的用法的用法 1 1）不用不用 that that 的情況的情況 介詞后不能用。介詞后不能用。例如：例如：We depend on the land We depend on the land from from whichwhich we get our food. we get our food. 我們依賴(lài)土地獲得食物。我們依賴(lài)土地獲得食物。We depend on the land We depend on the land that / that / whichwhich we get our food we ge
24、t our food fromfrom. . 2 2）只能用只能用 that that 作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代 詞詞的情況的情況1.1.This is all _ I know about the This is all _ I know about the matter. matter. A.that B.what C.who A.that B.what C.who D.whether D.whether2.2.Is there anything else _ you Is there anything else _ you want? want? A.which B.th
25、at C.who A.which B.that C.who D.what D.what3.3.The last place _ we visited The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.itA.which B.that C.where D.itA AB BB B4.4.He talked happily about the men He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him
26、 and books _ interested him greatly in the school. greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whomA.which B.that C.it D.whom5.5.There is no dictionary _ you There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in thatA.that B.which C.where D.in that6.6.Th
27、is is one of the best books _. This is one of the best books _. A.that have ever been written A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written C.that has written D.that have writtenD.that have writtenB BA AA A7.7.He wrote a letter to me, tell
28、ing He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _ he saw on the me everything _ he saw on the way to the Paris. way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.which D.whereA.what B.that C.which D.where8.8.Is oxygenIs oxygen（氧氣）（氧氣） the only gas the only gas _ helps fire burn? _ helps fire burn? A.that A.that
29、B. / C.which D.it B. / C.which D.it9.9.Is there anything _ to you? Is there anything _ to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belongC.which belongs D.that belongB BA AB B10.10.The scientist and his achieve- The scientist and his achieve- me
30、ntsments（成就）（成就）_ you told me _ you told me about are admired by us all. about are admired by us all. A.which B.that A.which B.that C.who D.whose C.who D.whose11.11.Which of the books _ were Which of the books _ were borrowed from him is the best? borrowed from him is the best? A.which B.what C.that
31、 D.whoseA.which B.what C.that D.whoseB BC C 先行詞有下列情況或附有下列修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，先行詞有下列情況或附有下列修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞通常用關(guān)系代詞 thatthat。1)1)先行詞是先行詞是 all, no, none, everyone, all, no, none, everyone, something, much, littlesomething, much, little等。等。2)2)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞前有序數(shù)詞, ,形容詞最高級(jí)或形容詞最高級(jí)或 the the last, the onlylast, the only等。等。3)3)如
32、果先行詞中既含有表示人的名詞又有表如果先行詞中既含有表示人的名詞又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。示物的名詞時(shí)。4)4)若主句中有疑問(wèn)代詞若主句中有疑問(wèn)代詞 who, which who, which 為了為了避免重復(fù)避免重復(fù), , 關(guān)系代詞不要再用關(guān)系代詞不要再用who, which.who, which.結(jié)論結(jié)論: :1.1.Do you know who lives in the Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well? building _ there is a well? A.in front of it B. in fron
33、t of A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which D.in front whichwhich2.2.IllIll never forget the day _ I never forget the day _ I joined the League. joined the League. A. on which B. in which A. on which B. in which C. which D. at whichC. which D.
34、at which3.3.The woman _ my brother The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. spoke just now is my teacher. A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whomA.who B.to whom C.to who D.whomC CA AB B4.4.Jeanne was her old friend, _ Jeanne was her old friend, _ she borrowed a necklace. she borrowed a necklace.
35、 A. from who B. from whom A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whomC. to that D. to whom5.5.His glasses, _ he was like a His glasses, _ he was like a blind manblind man（盲人）（盲人）, fell to the , fell to the ground and broke its leg. ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which A. which B. with
36、 which C. without which D. thatC. without which D. thatB BC C6.6.She is a teacher of much know- She is a teacher of much know- ledge, _ much can be learned. ledge, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that A. who B. that C. from which D. from whomC. from which D. from whom7.7.He built a telescopeHe buil
37、t a telescope（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）_ he could study the skies. _ he could study the skies. A. in which B. with that A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by itC. through which D. by it8.8.Do you know the reason _ he Do you know the reason _ he was late? D. for which was late? D. for which A. that B. whic
38、h C. for whatA. that B. which C. for whatD DC CD D9.9.I have bought two ball-pens, _ I have bought two ball-pens, _ writes well. writes well. A.none of which B.neither of A.none of which B.neither of whichwhich C.none of them D.neither of themC.none of them D.neither of them10.10.This is the very kn
39、ife_I used This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. to cut apples yesterday. A. that B. by which A. that B. by which C. which D. with whichC. which D. with which11.11.The book, _ which he paid 6 The book, _ which he paid 6 yuanyuan, is worth reading., is worth reading.B BA Aforfor 介詞關(guān)系
40、代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇，方法一是看關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇，方法一是看從句謂語(yǔ)部分缺少什么介詞（習(xí)慣搭從句謂語(yǔ)部分缺少什么介詞（習(xí)慣搭配），再則可以通過(guò)整個(gè)句子整體含配），再則可以通過(guò)整個(gè)句子整體含義來(lái)判斷義來(lái)判斷,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際來(lái)判斷。結(jié)合生活實(shí)際來(lái)判斷。 結(jié)論結(jié)論: :Is this the factory _ you Is this the factory _ you visited last year? visited last year? Is this factory _ you visited Is this factory _ you v
41、isited last year?last year?1.1.a. that b. where a. that b. where c. in which c. in which d. the one d. the one2.2.All _ I need is a good rest.All _ I need is a good rest. You knowYou know _ I need is a _ I need is a good rest.good rest. a. what b. all what a. what b. all what c. that d. whichc. that
42、 d. whicha ad dc ca a3.3.Mr Smith is one of those forei- Mr Smith is one of those forei- gnersgners who_ working in China who_ working in China. .Mr Smith is the only one of Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who _ work- those foreigners who _ work- inging in China. in China.a. is b. has c
43、. have d. area. is b. has c. have d. are4.4.Pisa is a city, _ has a lean- Pisa is a city, _ has a lean- inging tower. tower.Pisa is a city, _ there is a Pisa is a city, _ there is a leaning tower.leaning tower.a.which b.that c.where d.therea.which b.that c.where d.thered da aa ac c5.5.This is the pl
44、ace _ we visit- This is the place _ we visit- ed last year.ed last year.This is the place _ we This is the place _ we worked last year.worked last year.a. which b. where a. which b. where c. in that d. therec. in that d. there6.6.The news _ he told us The news _ he told us was very exciting.was very
45、 exciting.He told us the news _ our He told us the news _ our team had won the game.team had won the game.a.what b.as c.that d.whicha ab bc / dc / dc c 在實(shí)踐中要注意定語(yǔ)從在實(shí)踐中要注意定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句的結(jié)構(gòu)上的細(xì)句與其它從句的結(jié)構(gòu)上的細(xì)微差別微差別,能夠正確區(qū)分使用它能夠正確區(qū)分使用它們。們。結(jié)論結(jié)論Correct mistakes:Correct mistakes:1.1. Here is the pen you lost it Here
46、 is the pen you lost it yesterday.yesterday.2.2. The girl told me the news is not The girl told me the news is not here now.here now.3.3. Is this farm we visited last year? Is this farm we visited last year?4.4. This is the teacher with whom This is the teacher with whom weveweve learnt a lot. learnt a lot.5.5. He is the only one of the He is the only one of the students who know French.students who know French.或或
語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題3 定語(yǔ)從句(Ivan Fang)2
