高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

《高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案專題七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（24頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣【專題要點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn)概覽如下：1.can和could的用法及區(qū)別；2.may和might的用法；3.must的用法；4.shall用于不同人稱時(shí)的用法；5.should表示推測(cè)時(shí)的用法；6.will和would表示意愿、習(xí)慣和傾向性時(shí)的用法；7.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的用法；8.表示建議、命令、要求的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；9.一些固定句式或結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；10.一些隱含、混合情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！究季V要求】對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考綱要求學(xué)生要掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和辨析。最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語(yǔ)境來(lái)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本

2、用法及其區(qū)別，因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法復(fù)雜多變，在高考試題中，命題者常常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來(lái)考查學(xué)生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的理解和掌握。對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外，還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣考綱要求考生要掌握基本情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法、在各種句式、隱含、混合等句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法，根據(jù)考綱的要求，虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中、在名詞性從句中、在簡(jiǎn)單句中或在日常交際中的使用等基本用法。因此依據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷虛擬語(yǔ)氣的不同形式是高考試題的主要設(shè)題方法之一。在

3、近年的高考試題中，出現(xiàn)了對(duì)陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣辨析的考查，虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句中的應(yīng)用是該部分的重點(diǎn)掌握內(nèi)容?！窘谭ㄖ敢壳閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞是高考的重要考點(diǎn)，看似簡(jiǎn)單，但用法相近、復(fù)雜，學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)有時(shí)區(qū)分不開(kāi)。首先教師應(yīng)該讓考生準(zhǔn)確掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，然后對(duì)于相近意義的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行比較，尤其是表示推測(cè)的一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中運(yùn)用，讓學(xué)生在辨析中學(xué)，在訓(xùn)練中體驗(yàn)、理解、掌握，要注重和語(yǔ)境結(jié)合和說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣結(jié)合；其次再掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的固定句式和固定用法即可；虛擬語(yǔ)氣是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，雖然不是每套題都涉及，但在近幾年的考題中也有不少出現(xiàn)。由于漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有這種語(yǔ)法情況，對(duì)于以漢語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的我們來(lái)說(shuō)有很大

4、的理解難度。命題者在試題的有效信息方面越來(lái)越隱蔽，情景越來(lái)越生動(dòng)，真實(shí)，考查的角度也越來(lái)越靈活。要掌握好這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，要求考生：1. 熟記并掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用規(guī)則；2. 熟練掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用；3. 掌握一些特殊句型中要運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的具體規(guī)則?！局R(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必須”或“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等之意。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，必須和不帶to的不定式連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。只有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought要和帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用，在句中作謂語(yǔ)用。將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前即構(gòu)成其疑問(wèn)

5、式，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后加not既構(gòu)成其否定式?，F(xiàn)將各情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法分述如下： 1、can和could (could為can的過(guò)去式) 的基本用法(1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中表示“懷疑”、“猜測(cè)”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dongs?(3)表示“許可”時(shí)can可以和may換用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，可用could代替can，這時(shí)could不再是can的過(guò)去式，如：Could you come aga

6、in tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，兩者在意思上沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。但是can只能有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式，而be able to則有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better.2、may和might (might為may的過(guò)去式)的基本用法(1)表示允許或征詢對(duì)方許可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答對(duì)方說(shuō)“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”時(shí)，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免語(yǔ)氣生硬或不容氣。而用比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的說(shuō)法進(jìn)行回答。如：- May I use this dict

7、ionary? - Yes, please. 或 - Certainly. 在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可時(shí)，如果Might I? 就比用May I? 語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)些，如：May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”對(duì)方做某事時(shí)，要用must not代替may not，如：- May we swim in this lake? - No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous.(2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或許”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，則語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定，如：They may (might)

8、 be in the library now .3、must的基本用法(1)must表示“必須”、“應(yīng)該”之意，其否定式 must not，縮寫(xiě)形式為 mustnt，表示“不應(yīng)該”，“不準(zhǔn)”、“不許可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustnt touch the fire. (2)對(duì)以must提出的疑問(wèn)句，如作否定回答時(shí)，要用neednt或用dont (doesnt) have to (不必)來(lái)回答，而不用mustnt，因?yàn)閙ustnt表示的是“禁止”或“不許可”之意，如：- Must we fin

9、ish the work tomorrow? - No, you neednt (dont have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推測(cè)，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：- Whose new bike can it be? - It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought him a new one.4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法(1)can, could后接完成式的用法：在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的

10、事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”的態(tài)度，Could he have said so? 在肯定句中，可以表示過(guò)去可能做到而實(shí)際并沒(méi)做到的事情，有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣。如：- When did you answer her letter? - Only yesterday. - Its too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè)，認(rèn)為某一件事情在過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了。如果使用might，語(yǔ)氣就比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some

11、 Chinese before. 可以表示過(guò)去本來(lái)可以做到而實(shí)際沒(méi)有做到的事情，有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣，如：You didnt do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法：表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè)，認(rèn)為某事在過(guò)去一定做到了，如：Liu Dong isnt in the classroom. He must have gone to the library. 5、have to 的基本用法：have to和must的意義相近，只是 must側(cè)重表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to 則表示客觀

12、需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness. 6、ought to的基本用法(l)表示根據(jù)某種義務(wù)或必要“應(yīng)當(dāng)”做某事，語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推測(cè)，注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別：He must be home by now .(斷定他已到家)，He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)，This is where the oil must be.(比較直率) ，This i

13、s where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄) ；(3)“ought + have+ 過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didnt) 這時(shí)，ought與 should可以互相換用。注意，在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中ought to 用于否定和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much.7、dare的基本用法(l)dare (dared為其過(guò)去式) 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，主要用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中，如：Dared

14、he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中dare常用作行為動(dòng)詞，其變化與一般行為動(dòng)詞相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.8、need的基本用法(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，如：He neednt worry about us now. (2)need也可作為行為動(dòng)詞用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式為其賓語(yǔ)。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. (

15、3)neednt后接完成式可以表示過(guò)去做了一件本來(lái)不必要做的事情，如：- Did you answer the letter yesterday? - Yes, I did. - But you neednt have answered it.9、shall的基本用法(1)shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“強(qiáng)制”、“威脅”或“允諾”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑問(wèn)句中，shall用于第一、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人的征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示，如：Shall I op

16、en the door?10、should的基本用法(1)should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示“建議”或“勸告”，有“應(yīng)該”之意，如：You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有做到本來(lái)應(yīng)該做的事情，或是做了本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做的事情。如：You should have give him more help. 11、will的基本用法(1)用于各人稱，可以表示“意志”或“決心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑問(wèn)句中

17、用于第二人稱，表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”或“會(huì)要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.12、would的基本用法(1)would作為will的過(guò)去式，可用于各人稱，表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的“意志”或“決心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again.(2)在疑問(wèn)句中，用于第二人稱，表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢?/p>

18、請(qǐng)求或許問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)，比用will的氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)，如：Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，學(xué)用“I would like to”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first.(4)would可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，比used to正式，并沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation

19、he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.13、used to, had better, would rather的用法(1)used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語(yǔ)中，其形式可不變，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young.

20、在疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定疑問(wèn)句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式。疑問(wèn)句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句：I usednt to / didnt use to go there. (usednt 也可寫(xiě)作usent)；否定疑問(wèn)句：Usent you to/ Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑

21、問(wèn)句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中，也有兩種形式：She used to be very fat. didnt she?/ use(d)nt she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.(2)had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式，例如：- We had better go now . - Yes, we had (wed better/ we had better)./ Hadnt we better stop now? (H

22、ad we better not stop now?)/ I think Id better be going. (用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表“最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，表未完成動(dòng)作) 注：had better用于同輩或小輩，對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用。(3)would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式，例如：Id rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ - Wouldnt you rather stay here? - No, I would not

23、. Id rather go there. 由于would rather表選擇，因而后可接than，例如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. (句中的 d rather不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，

24、would 在此是表愿望的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法一、語(yǔ)氣的種類(lèi)：英語(yǔ)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣有四種：1. 直陳語(yǔ)氣（The Indicative Mood）直陳語(yǔ)氣用于直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鍪聦?shí)、描述狀態(tài)：He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已發(fā)表了好幾篇論文。2. 祈使語(yǔ)氣（The Imperative Mood）祈使語(yǔ)氣用于提出請(qǐng)求、命令、建議或是勸告等：Wait outside until you are asked . 請(qǐng)?jiān)谕饷娴群?，?qǐng)你進(jìn)再進(jìn)去。Lets just take a break, shall we ? 我

25、們休息一會(huì)兒，好嗎？3. 疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣( the interrogative mood ) ：用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題Where are from ?4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣（The Subjunctive Mood）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語(yǔ)氣不太顧及事實(shí)的存在，它表現(xiàn)出說(shuō)話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說(shuō)話人所講的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的；或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微，甚至于沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了使說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣客氣、緩和、委婉，也使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。I wish you were more careful .但愿你更細(xì)心一些。If I had more money, I would buy a bigg

26、er apartment.我要是有再多一點(diǎn)錢(qián)，我就買(mǎi)一套更大一些房子。Would you mind shutting the door ? 勞駕您把門(mén)關(guān)上。二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的種類(lèi)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多；條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。三、真實(shí)性條件句1.真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生,各種結(jié)構(gòu)如下：條件從句 主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形祈使句 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)If he come

27、s, he will bring his violin. 如果他來(lái)，會(huì)帶小提琴來(lái)的?！镜湫屠}】The volleyball match will be put off if it_.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained【解析】B 真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。【點(diǎn)撥】1. 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來(lái)，該用shall, will.（錯(cuò)） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.（對(duì)） If you leave now, you will ne

28、ver regret it.2. 表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用shall （will） +動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式四、非真實(shí)條件句1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以表示過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況，時(shí)態(tài)的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)往后推移2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣表時(shí)間從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)（ be 用were）Would / should / could / might / ought to + 動(dòng)詞原形1.If they were here, they would help you.2.If we had enough money , we would buy a computer .3.If I wer

29、e you , I wouldnt do it .4.If it rained tomorrow , wed stay at home .5.It would be odd if she were awarded the first prize .與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去完成時(shí)Should / would / could / might + have+ 過(guò)去分詞1.If he had come yesterday, I should have told him about it.2.If I had been in her position Id have quit .3.If the wea

30、ther hadnt been so bad , we might have gone out .4.If he had apologized , you should have done so too.5.I should never have done it if I hadnt been so hard up .與將來(lái)不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想一般過(guò)去時(shí) / should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形Should / would / could / might / ought to + 動(dòng)詞原形1.If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

31、2.If they invited me , I would certainly attend it .3.If he went , would you go too ?與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)were+ 不定式Should / would / could / might / ought to + 動(dòng)詞原形1.If she were to lose her place they would be ruined .2.If you were to speak to him , it would carry more weight .五、混合條件句(也叫：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句)有時(shí)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不

32、同的時(shí)間，主句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這種條件句叫做混合條件句If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天問(wèn)過(guò)他，今天就知道做什么了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）1.If it had rained last night（過(guò)去）, it would be very cold today （現(xiàn)在）.如果昨晚下過(guò)雨，今天就會(huì)很冷了。2.If youd listened to me , you wouldnt be in such trouble now . 如果你聽(tīng)了我的

33、話，你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)這樣麻煩了3.If it hadnt been for her care , I should not be speaking to you now. 如果不是她照顧我，我也不會(huì)在這里和你講話4.If the doctor had come in time , any would still be alive . 如果醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到，AMY現(xiàn)在還活著。六、含蓄條件句：含蓄條件句是指非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái),只暗含在上下文中。含蓄條件句常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式有:1.定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句Anyone who had married such a girl as she would

34、have been regretful . 誰(shuí)娶了像她這樣的姑娘都會(huì)后悔的help was promised where it should become necessary . 要是需要的話就答應(yīng)給予幫助2.介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)but that, as though, once ,but for, without , with , under , undercondition , supposing , suppose , as if , on condition that , in the past 等But for his pension , he would starve .要不是有養(yǎng)老金，

35、他都要餓死了Without your help , I couldnt have achieved all this . 要不是有你幫助我不會(huì)取得這些成就With his aid , you would succeed . 如果有了他的幫助，你就會(huì)成功。Plants would die without water on the earth . 地球上如果沒(méi)有水，植物就會(huì)死的But for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago . 要是沒(méi)有霧的話，我們很早就到目的地了Under more favourable conditi

36、ons we could have finished the task . 如果條件對(duì)我們更有利，我們就會(huì)把工作完成得更好3.連詞otherwise, or, butHe would have given you more help , but he has been so busy . 他本來(lái)要多給你一些幫助，只是他太忙了Seize the chance , otherwise you would regret it . 如果不抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你會(huì)后悔的He felt very tired yesterday , or he would have helped you . 他昨天覺(jué)得很累，不然

37、會(huì)幫你的4.通過(guò)分詞短語(yǔ)表示條件Given more time, we could have done it better.Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence . 使毒品合法化會(huì)有災(zāi)難性的后果5.用動(dòng)詞不定式表示條件It would be a mistake not to help him.She would have done anything to make amends . 她會(huì)做任何事來(lái)彌補(bǔ)特殊情況：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在日常用語(yǔ)中用得很多，使句子顯得比較委婉；這類(lèi)謂語(yǔ)算不算虛擬語(yǔ)氣很難說(shuō)，但有兩點(diǎn)是肯定的：一是它們不受時(shí)態(tài)

38、的影響，雖然形式接近過(guò)去式，卻常指現(xiàn)在的情況，而且和虛擬語(yǔ)氣在形式上一致，在不少情況下幾乎可以說(shuō)是一種含蓄的虛擬條件句；二是它們不表示事實(shí)，常帶有主觀色彩，因而使句子顯得很委婉。I should think that might be a good solution .could I trouble you with a question ?could you lend me some money ?would you mind taking part ?would you like some tea ?七、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在would rather，would（jus

39、t）as soon，would sooner，would prefer（希望）等后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中。意指某人寧愿讓另一個(gè)人做某事，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做某事，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)做的事，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。To be frank，Id rather you were not involved in the case坦率地說(shuō)，我希望你不要卷入這件事。You do

40、nt have to be in such a hurryI would rather you went on business first你沒(méi)有必要這么著急，我寧愿你先去上班。Id rather you didnt make any comment on the issue for the time being我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要就此事發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。Frankly speaking ，Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being坦白地說(shuō)我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)此事什么也不做。Wouldnt you rather your child

41、 went to bed early？為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床呢？【點(diǎn)撥】若某人愿自己做某事， would rather后用動(dòng)詞原形 I would rather stay at home today would ratherthan中用動(dòng)詞原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today2.在表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后面的從句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command,insist + （should） doI suggest that

42、we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建議下周召開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)議。He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去?！军c(diǎn)撥】如suggest, insist不表示建議 或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。判斷改錯(cuò)： （錯(cuò)） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（對(duì)） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.（錯(cuò)） I insisted that you（shoul

43、d）be wrong.（對(duì)） I insisted that you were wrong.3.wish的用法1）wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為： 主句 從句從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作（be的過(guò)去式為 were） 現(xiàn)在時(shí) 過(guò)去時(shí)從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（had + 過(guò)去分詞） 過(guò)去時(shí)/現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來(lái)時(shí)/現(xiàn)在時(shí) would/could +動(dòng)詞原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒(méi)講過(guò)那樣的話I

44、wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了I wish that he werent so lazy . 但愿他不那么懶He wishes that he were a teacher . 他希望他是個(gè)老師就好了I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it . 但愿那時(shí)他對(duì)這事不那么大驚小怪I wish that the rain would stop . 要是雨停就好了2）在“it is wished that”句型以及作名詞所引起的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用法同上。3) wish to

45、do；wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望見(jiàn)一見(jiàn)經(jīng)理。I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望經(jīng)理能馬上得到消息八、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其表達(dá)形式為should 動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有：advice，sugge

46、stion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , preference , motion , plan，idea，resolution等。We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金的

47、建議被每個(gè)人接受。Any proposals that john should be dismissed must be resisted . 必須抵制任何開(kāi)除JOHN的提議His idea that we should take up the matter with a special board is fairly resonable . 他建議我們以一個(gè)專門(mén)委員會(huì)處理這件事，這的確有道理Our suggestion is that we should put on a play at the english evening . 我們建議在英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)上演一個(gè)劇九、在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用It is

48、 / was + necessary + that + 主語(yǔ) + should + 加動(dòng)詞原形，should 可省略，表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等可用的詞有：suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded , requested, insisted , important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange , a pity, a shame, no wonder , essential , advisable , mandatory , obligatory , vital , com

49、pulsory , crucial , fitting , better , best , appropriate , recommended 十、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中在由lest , for fear that , in order that , so that , in case of 等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由should / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。He was punished lest he should make the same mistake

50、 again他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。I reminded her twice of it lest she should forget . 我提醒她兩次，怕她忘記I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb him . 我不會(huì)出聲的，以免打擾他I have come all the way here in order that you should understand me . 我到這里來(lái)為的是你能理解我He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold . 他把大

51、衣蓋在兒子身上以免他著涼注意：如果 in order that 和 so that 前的主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其后的從句有時(shí)也可用 can , may + 動(dòng)詞原形。Ask him to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them . 讓他帶著信趕快來(lái)以便我簽字在以lest 和in case 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若屬于過(guò)去時(shí)，一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， should + 動(dòng)詞原形，若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是過(guò)去時(shí)，也可以用成述語(yǔ)氣。take warm clothes in case the weather is cold . 帶上厚衣服以防天變冷。2.虛擬語(yǔ)

52、氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中在as if（as though）引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示似乎，好象的意思，其動(dòng)詞形式與wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句中的形式相同。Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman艾倫談起羅馬來(lái)好像他是個(gè)羅馬人一樣。I feel as if I were ten years younger . 我覺(jué)得我仿佛年輕了10歲He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself . 他談起金字塔來(lái)，就好象親眼見(jiàn)過(guò)似的I feel as if we had known each

53、 other for years . 我感到我們好象已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)多年了It looks as if it might rain . 看上去好象要下雨十一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝形式在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果條件從句含有 were, had, should，可將連詞 if 省略，再將 were, had 或 should 移至句首，構(gòu)成非真實(shí)條件句的倒裝語(yǔ)序Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他們現(xiàn)在在的話，就會(huì)幫助我們了。Had you come earlier, you would h

54、ave met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你來(lái)得早一點(diǎn)，就碰到他了。Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。【典型例題】_ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中如果有were, should, ha

55、d這三個(gè)詞，通常將if省略，主語(yǔ)提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語(yǔ)的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說(shuō)Were I not to do, 而不能說(shuō) Werent I to do.e.g. Had you been here just now, you would have met her. 你要是剛才在這兒，就見(jiàn)到她了。Were I not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就會(huì)來(lái)了。十二、其他句型1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is 形容詞that的主語(yǔ)從句中在某些表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令

56、等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句中，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其表達(dá)形式為should 動(dòng)詞原形或省略should直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)形容詞有 advisable（合理的），appropriate（適當(dāng)?shù)模琧ompulsory（必須的），crucial（緊急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important（重要的），incredible（驚人的），natural（自然的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），preferable（更好的）， probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（緊迫的）， vit

57、al（極為重要的）。It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible這些申請(qǐng)表應(yīng)盡早地寄回，這是很重要的。It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project重要的是募集足夠的錢(qián)，為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is 過(guò)去分詞that的主語(yǔ)從句中在It is 過(guò)去分詞that的主語(yǔ)從句中，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求等主觀意向，謂語(yǔ)用 should 動(dòng)詞原形或省略should只用動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞

58、有：decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested， required等。It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening希望我們今晚一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It is（about high）time that定語(yǔ)從句中在It is（abouthigh）time that定語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“該做的時(shí)候了”，其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should 動(dòng)詞原形Its already 5 ocl

59、ock now,Dont you think its about time we went home？已經(jīng)5點(diǎn)鐘了，你不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該回家了嗎？【點(diǎn)撥】在this is the first time second time that句型中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？這是你第一次參觀香港嗎？Its time to do something有別于Its time that4.比較if only與only ifonly if表示只有；if only則表示如果就好了。If only引起的句子

60、，一般過(guò)去時(shí)或would+動(dòng)詞原形表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反，過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來(lái)If only we knew where to look for him. 我們要是知道到哪里去找他就好了If only I had listened to my parents. 要是我聽(tīng)取了父母的話該多好啊5.but 或 but that

61、表達(dá)的含蓄條件的特殊含義but 或 but that 做“如果不”解，意思相當(dāng)與“if not”，其后面不可接虛擬模式，應(yīng)接陳述式的現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞或過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞，即but that + 主語(yǔ) + 現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞 / 過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞，而主句要用虛擬式。But that you help him , he would fail . 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，他會(huì)失敗的But that you helped him , he would have failed . 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，他早就失敗了6. need “不必做”和“本不必做”didnt need to do表示過(guò)去不必做某事, 事實(shí)上也沒(méi)做；neednt hav

62、e done表示過(guò)去不必做某事, 但事實(shí)上做了John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.約翰開(kāi)車(chē)去車(chē)站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home.約翰開(kāi)車(chē)去車(chē)站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。（Mary步行回家了，沒(méi)有遇上John的車(chē)）【典型例題】There was plenty of time. She

63、 _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried【解析】 D neednt have done. 意為本不必，即已經(jīng)做了某事，而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。Mustnt have done 用法不正確，對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldnt have done, 不可能已經(jīng)。must not do 不可以（用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）7.不定式的完成時(shí)用在 intend , mean , plan , suppose 等動(dòng)詞后，表示原打算做而實(shí)際未能做而實(shí)際未能做成的事，因而含有虛擬的意思8. need / need