人教版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)專題2 名詞與主謂一致

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1、第四講　名詞與主謂一致 　　　　　　　　限定詞及謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的關(guān)鍵 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ______(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. invitations　解析：invitation“邀請(qǐng)”是可數(shù)名詞，其前有several修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．(2019·浙江卷6月)

2、Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ____________(carrot) and was about to throw them away. carrots　解析：carrot是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)a handful of“一把”可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few ____________(day) with his sister so t

3、hat while one is being bottle-fed... days　解析：every few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“每隔……”。 4．(2019·鄭州第三次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Now I’m feeling regretful and disturbed. I’m not sure whether a computer’s repair shop can get the documents back.____________________ computer’s→computer　解析：考查名詞，computer在此為名詞作定語。 5．(2019·洛陽統(tǒng)一考試)Once I bro

4、ke a neighbor window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately.____________________ neighbor→neighbor’s　解析：考查名詞所有格形式。此處用名詞所有格形式作定語，修飾名詞window。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．不定冠詞a，an后用名詞單數(shù)形式。 2．有some，many，all，both等詞修飾時(shí)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．名詞前有one of時(shí)，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．謂語

5、動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，名詞作主語時(shí)確定名詞為復(fù)數(shù)。 5．名詞的所有格： 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名詞，其變化方法如下： 構(gòu)成 例詞 一般是名詞詞尾加’s Mike’s computer邁克的電腦 以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只在詞尾加’ students’ reading room學(xué)生閱覽室 詞尾不帶-(e)s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍加’s children’s game孩子們的游戲 Women’s Day婦女節(jié) 6.熟記名詞的數(shù)： (1)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) ①可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式詞尾后加-s或-es，規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成形式如下： 變化規(guī)則

6、 例詞 一般情況下 在詞尾直接加-s table→tables park→parks 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh結(jié)尾的名詞 在詞尾加-es bus→buses box→boxes wish→wishes watch→watches 以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞 將-y變?yōu)?i再加-es family→families butterfly→ butterflies dictionary→ dictionaries 以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞 在詞尾直接加-s day→days holiday→ holidays monkey→ monkeys 以

7、-o結(jié)尾的名詞 一般在詞尾加-s photo→photos radio→radios 有些在詞尾加-es potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞 一般變-f或-fe為-v，再加-es knife→knives　wife→wives life→lives leaf→leaves 少數(shù)直接加-s roof→roofs belief→beliefs ②有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式不是以加-s或-es構(gòu)成，它們的不規(guī)則構(gòu)成形式如下： 變化規(guī)則 例詞 變內(nèi)部元音 man→men　woman→women　foot→feet mo

8、use→mice　tooth→teeth 詞尾加-en 或-ren ox→oxen　child→children 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 fish，sheep，deer，means(方式；方法)， series, Chinese, Swiss 名詞前有man或woman修飾，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，作定語的man/woman和中心詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 man doctor→men doctors男醫(yī)生 woman worker→women workers女工 (2)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) 一般來說，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的，因此沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般也不能用a或an修飾。通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞有：

9、milk，music，homework，housework，weather, news, butter, information，bread，advice，progress，orange juice(橙汁)，equipment，meat，fun，luggage，luck，work(工作), traffic, furniture，wealth，word(消息)，room(空間)，man(人類)等。 word意為“消息”，room意為“空間”，man意為“人類”時(shí)，通常不帶任何修飾詞?！? Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday.

10、 有消息稱會(huì)議將于周五召開。 　名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 　　　　　　　　冠、代、介詞首先看 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ____________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. introduction　解析：空格前是冠詞，空格后是of所有格，故此處用名詞形式。 2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)But for to

11、urists like me, pandas are its top ____________(attract)． attraction　解析：根據(jù)前面的its及形容詞top“頭等的；最重要的”可知，后面跟名詞形式。 3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____________(achieve)． achievement　解析：介詞of后應(yīng)用名詞作賓語。此處achievement表抽象意義，意為“成就感”，故用單數(shù)形式。 4．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

12、Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the ____________(develop) of chopsticks. development　解析：根據(jù)空格前面的the可知，所填詞應(yīng)用名詞形式。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．根據(jù)名詞的功能來判斷是否需要填名詞。名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、同

13、位語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。做題時(shí)可以根據(jù)提示詞在句中所作的成分判斷空格處是否需要填名詞。 2．根據(jù)語境來判斷是否需要填名詞。名詞通常出現(xiàn)在及物動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞以及限定詞之后。 3．填名詞時(shí)，一定要注意單復(fù)數(shù)及拼寫。 　主謂一致 　　　　　　　　語法、意義、就近原則統(tǒng)籌看 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·天津卷)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ____________(regard) as one of

14、the best all-round forms of exercise. is regarded　解析：三種鍛煉形式與動(dòng)詞regard之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語后有along with連接的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主語保持一致，即與cycling一致，此處謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故填is regarded。 2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____________(be) often acceptable. is解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中動(dòng)名詞短語leaving the less imp

15、ortant things until tomorrow作主語，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 3．(2019·福建福州八中高三質(zhì)檢)As the saying go, “United we stand; divided we fall.”____________________ go→goes　解析：句中的主語是the saying，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 4．(2019·浙江金麗衢十二校高三第一次聯(lián)考)She took the lift to the eleventh floor, and the secretary showed her where her desk and her co

16、mputer was.____________________ was→were　解析：在where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，主語是her desk and her computer，謂語動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5．(2019·吉林長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語學(xué)校第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.____________________ know→knows　解析：know是定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，其形式由先行詞person確定。由于person是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

17、 6．(2019·甘肅蘭州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.____________________ learn→learns　解析：主語是each student，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 (一)主謂一致的基礎(chǔ)“3原則” 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原

18、則，即語法一致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。 1．語法一致原則 (1)主語后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。 The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼藝術(shù)家和我們的一些英語老師去年

19、得到了一次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。 My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京。 (2)and, both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room. 她的老師和朋友都在客廳。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 這位詩(shī)人兼作家寫出了許多作品。

20、 2．就近一致原則 (1)由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 或者是你或者是你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。 (2)由there，here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There are three chairs, a desk and a comp

21、uter in the room. 房間里有三把椅子、一張桌子和一臺(tái)電腦。 3．意義一致原則 (1)“no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一個(gè)人都有很好的理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 (2)非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 Listening to music mak

22、es me relaxed after a busy day. 聽音樂使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 (二)主謂一致的3種特殊情況 1．“many a/more than one＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過程。 2．a(chǎn)ll，the rest，the remaining/part...＋主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。 The first part of the lecture was vivid

23、 but the remaining was dull. 講座的前半部分很生動(dòng)，但后半部分非?？菰?。 3．“幾分之幾/百分之幾＋of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，一般根據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。 Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只做了60%的工作。 ,[學(xué)生用書P24]　 　　) 單句語法填空 1．(2019·貴州適應(yīng)性考試)If we are not aware of

24、these differences, some unusual ____________(thing) might happen. things　解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的some可知，可數(shù)名詞thing應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．(2019·武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Driven by the ____________(curious) in my heart, I came to China and took part in a cruise(乘船度假) along part of the river last year. curiosity　解析：考查名詞。curious為形容詞，由前面的冠詞

25、the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞；driven by the curiosity意為“受好奇心驅(qū)使”。 3．(2019·重慶西北狼教育聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)Nothing I did seemed to make any ____________(different). “It can’t be the fuel，” I thought. difference　解析：考查名詞。make any difference為固定搭配，意為“有任何影響”。 4．(2019·福建省高三質(zhì)檢)“Alaya, you don’t have to do this if you don’t want to. Nobody

26、 is forcing you.” Though I said I wasn’t going to do it, my ____________(foot) carried me toward the pool. feet　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。foot是可數(shù)名詞，且沒有被冠詞修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5．(2019·浙江嘉興基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試)Portman’s educational background has influenced one of her ____________(project)． projects　解析：one of后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“……之一”，故填projects

27、。 6．(2019·湖南懷化一模)More than one doctor ____________(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. was　解析：句意：許多醫(yī)生都加入到了震后的營(yíng)救工作中?！癿ore than one＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)從句用一般過去時(shí)可知，主句也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填was。 7．(2019·浙江金、溫、臺(tái)三市部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考)Computer game ____________(design) often create interesti

28、ng video games to tempt players to keep playing. designers　解析：根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“電子游戲的設(shè)計(jì)者”，同時(shí)根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞create可知，需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填designers。 8．(2019·河北石家莊二中聯(lián)考)I would appreciate it if you could take me into ____________(consider). Looking forward to receiving your reply. consideration　解析：句意：如果你能考慮我，我將不勝感激。盼望收到你的回復(fù)。介詞

29、into后需加名詞形式。此處take...into consideration(考慮到……)為固定短語。 9．(2019·湖南益陽箴言中學(xué)模擬)He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which ____________(be) of great help. is　解析：句意：他給那些生活貧困的人捐了一些錢，這幫了大忙。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，指代前面主句的內(nèi)容，故從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)；根據(jù)空前的has donated可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。 10．(2019·湖南師大附中月考)Pr

30、ofessor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants ____________(be) to arrive by air. is　解析：句意：詹姆斯教授將給我們做一次關(guān)于西方文化的演講，他和他的助理將乘飛機(jī)到達(dá)。as well as連接并列成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與前面主語保持一致。 單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2019·福建福州十三中期中考試)About one thousand graduates took exams for it, but only a few

31、 was chosen and I was one of them.____________________ 第一個(gè)was→were　解析：根據(jù)主語only a few可知，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．(2019·廣東汕頭高三質(zhì)檢)Friendship is very important to everyone, especially to me. Now, I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.____________________ are→is　解析：考查主謂一致。whose引導(dǎo)的定語

32、從句的先行詞是代詞“one”，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。 3．(2019·武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Considering my case, my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a short-term goal to improve my math.____________________ approach→approaches　解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。approach作“方法”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞；由前面的several可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．(2019·長(zhǎng)沙一模)When the boy sang

33、 a song with his guitar, all the judge were astonished by his talent.____________________ judge→judges　解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的all和謂語動(dòng)詞were可知，所有的評(píng)委都對(duì)他的天賦感到驚訝，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5．(2019·云南11校區(qū)調(diào)研)What was worse, many tourists threw rubbishes here and there.____________________ rubbishes→rubbish　解析：考查名詞。rubbish作“垃圾”講，

34、為不可數(shù)名詞。 6．(2019·廣東七校聯(lián)考)Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction, like the Great Wall.____________________ attraction→attractions　解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。attraction作“吸引人之物”講時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)該句中的some可知，此處指多個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7．(2019·湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)We were very happy to help each other and have lots of funs.___________

35、_________ funs→fun　解析：fun是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8．(2019·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the Friendship Hotel.____________________ minute→minutes　解析：minute前面有數(shù)詞30修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 短文改錯(cuò) (2019·安徽合肥高三質(zhì)檢)Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to

36、 work. It causes more traffic jam and accidents. As the student, what can we do to guarantee our safe? First of all, the traffic rules must be strict obeyed. When we cross streets, wait until the traffic light turn green. Next, don’t forget walk on the pavement. Finally, I think it very dangerously

37、 to wear headphones while walking or cycling. Since we can’t pay enough attention on the traffic around us, so accidents may happen. Taking good care of ourselves and don’t let our parents worry about us. 答案： Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to work. It causes more tra

38、ffic and accidents. As student, what can we do to guarantee our ？ First of all, the traffic rules must be obeyed. When we cross streets, wait until the traffic light green. Next, don’t forget walk on the pavement. Finally, I think it very to wear headphones while walking or cycling. Since we can’t pay enough attention the traffic around us, accidents may happen. good care of ourselves and don’t let our parents worry about us. 內(nèi)容總結(jié) （1）eq \a\vs4\al() word意為“消息”，room意為“空間”，man意為“人類”時(shí)，通常不帶任何修飾詞