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1、Unit 2English around the worldReading高一人教新課標(biāo)必修一高一人教新課標(biāo)必修一actually in fact 實(shí)際上實(shí)際上, 事實(shí)上事實(shí)上at present now 現(xiàn)在的、出席的現(xiàn)在的、出席的rule govern 統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治vocabulary words and expressions 詞匯、詞匯量詞匯、詞匯量gradually by degrees 逐漸地逐漸地New wordsofficial 官方的官方的 voyage 航行航行, 航海航海native 本國的本國的, 本地的本地的actually 事實(shí)上事實(shí)上latter 后者的后者的 ide
2、ntity 身份身份fluent 流利的流利的frequently 頻繁地頻繁地 be based on 以以為基礎(chǔ)為基礎(chǔ)culture 文化文化 、文明、文明identity 身份身份government 政府政府rapidly 迅速地迅速地Singapore 新加坡新加坡Malaysia 馬來西亞馬來西亞 A. How to learn English wellB. The brief history of modern EnglishC. The way to England D. The difference between modern English and old English
3、Choose the main idea of the text. B The road to modern EnglishAD 450-1150 English was based more on _.AD 800-1150 English became _ like German Because those who _ England spoke first Danish and later French. In the 1600s _ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. GermanThe history of the Eng
4、lish languagelessruledShakespeareThe road to modern EnglishIn 1620 Some British settlers moved to _.Later in the 18th centurySome British people were taken to _.1765-1947English became the language for_. AmericaAustralia government and education The road to modern EnglishBy the 19 th century The Eng
5、lish language was settled. Two big changes in _ happened: Samuel Johnson wrote his _ and Noah Webster wrote _Now English is also spoken as a foreign or second language _ _ and so on.English spellingdictionaryThe American Dictionary of the English Language.in South AsiaChina South AfricatimeplaceLang
6、uage can change with time.Language can change when cultures communicate with each other.ConclusionAt first, only people in _ spoke English. Later, people from England _ to other parts, so English began to be spoken in _ _ _. Today, _ people speak English as their _, second or foreign language. _ Eng
7、lish speakers _understand each other but _ _. Retell the text.England movedmany other countriesmorefirstNativecannot everythingAll languages change when _ communicate with one another. So there are British English, American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own _. English is
8、 also spoken as a foreign or second language in _ _ _. Maybe one day Chinese English will become one of the world English.culturesidentitymany other countries1. Nearly all of them lived in England.nearly和和almost 用法明辨：用法明辨：(1) 兩者通用的場合兩者通用的場合 a. 在肯定句中在肯定句中 b. 修飾修飾all, every, always 等時(shí)等時(shí) c. 在行為動(dòng)詞的否定式前時(shí)
9、在行為動(dòng)詞的否定式前時(shí)e.g. He is almost/nearly 80 years old.(2)只用只用almost 的場合的場合a. 和和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等連用時(shí)。等連用時(shí)。b. 和和too, more than 等連用時(shí)。等連用時(shí)。c. 和表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)和表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài) 動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。e.g. There is almost none left. (3)只用只用nearly的場合的場合a. 被被 very, not, pretty 等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。b. 和具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)和
10、具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)(nearly常用常用)。如。如:Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.2. voyage 在此為可數(shù)名詞在此為可數(shù)名詞, 意為意為“旅行旅行, 航行航行”。如如： The Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help. 拓展拓展 voyage還可用作動(dòng)詞還可用作動(dòng)詞
11、, 意為意為“(乘船乘船) 航行航行, 航海航海”。如：。如：They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 注意區(qū)別名詞注意區(qū)別名詞travel, journey, trip和和voyage: travel 用作不可數(shù)名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞, 只用于泛指從只用于泛指從某地去另一地，如果某人在某段時(shí)間里某地去另一地，如果某人在某段時(shí)間里到處走到處走, 可用可用travels；journey用作可數(shù)用作可數(shù)名詞名詞, 表示去某地所花表示去某地所花的時(shí)間和旅行的時(shí)間和旅行的距離的距離, 尤指較長距離的或定期的旅行尤指較長距離的或定期的旅行; trip用
12、作可數(shù)名詞用作可數(shù)名詞, 表示非定期的表示非定期的, 也許也許較短的往返旅行較短的往返旅行; voyage則常指海上旅則常指海上旅行或太空旅行。行或太空旅行。 Air travel is becoming cheaper. Hes on his travels again. Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year. The kids are going on a trip to the castle.3. because of 后邊加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語；后邊加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語； because 是
13、連詞是連詞, 所以后邊跟句子。所以后邊跟句子。 因?yàn)槟愕年P(guān)心因?yàn)槟愕年P(guān)心, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活充滿了希望。我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活充滿了希望。Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope.Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.因?yàn)橛晗碌煤艽笠驗(yàn)橛晗碌煤艽? 那個(gè)男孩穿過樹林那個(gè)男孩穿過樹林回家了?；丶伊?。Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods.Becau
14、se of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.4. than ever before “比以往任何時(shí)候更比以往任何時(shí)候更”than ever before可看作是可看作是than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。的省略形式。在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞 ever 與比較級與比較級和最高級連用，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如和最高級連用，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如:Youll speak English much better than ever before.Jane looks mu
15、ch prettier than ever before. ever在不同句型中的意義：在不同句型中的意義： 1) 曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng); 以前以前 (用于疑問句用于疑問句) 2) 無論什么時(shí)候都無論什么時(shí)候都 (不不) (用于否定句用于否定句) 3) 曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng) (用于用于if 從句從句) 4) 到底到底; 究竟究竟 (用于特殊疑問句用于特殊疑問句) 5) 永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn); 老是老是 (用于肯定句用于肯定句)5. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.e
16、ven if =even though “即使即使”, 用來引導(dǎo)用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句一個(gè)讓步狀語從句, 后面既可以用陳述后面既可以用陳述語氣語氣, 也可用虛擬語氣也可用虛擬語氣, 但是但是even if / though 引導(dǎo)的從句不用將來時(shí)。引導(dǎo)的從句不用將來時(shí)。如如:Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.用用if, as if, even if 填空。填空。(1) _ I had money, I wouldnt buy it.(2) _ I had money, I would buy it.(3) It looks
17、 _ it is going to rain.(even if 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句; if 引導(dǎo)條件引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句狀語從句; as if/though “似乎是似乎是”引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句)Even if If as if注意注意: (1) even if (= even though): in spite of the fact; no matter whether 即使即使; 盡管盡管是連詞詞組是連詞詞組, 用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句; 若主、若主、從句皆表示將來情況從句皆表示將來情況, 從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。時(shí)代替將來
18、時(shí)。(2) even if 從句所說的不那么肯定。從句所說的不那么肯定。 even though 從句是事實(shí)。從句是事實(shí)。e.g: Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) (Even) though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.)When talking to a friend over the telephone, you feel that you are close _ the actual
19、distance is not shortened. A. but B. even if C. so D. becauseB A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. The sun comes up in the east. New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生6. come up 上來上來
20、, 走近走近; 發(fā)芽發(fā)芽; 被提出被提出; 升起升起 走走近近, 上上來來 升起升起被提出被提出 come across 偶然遇到或找到偶然遇到或找到come around 恢復(fù)恢復(fù); 還原還原; 改變某人的改變某人的 意見或立場意見或立場come down 傳承傳承; 按習(xí)慣通過或處理按習(xí)慣通過或處理come out 成為眾所周知成為眾所周知; 發(fā)行或發(fā)表發(fā)行或發(fā)表; 結(jié)果結(jié)果; 自己公開宣布自己公開宣布come over 過來過來; 偶然拜訪偶然拜訪come up with 宣布或發(fā)現(xiàn)宣布或發(fā)現(xiàn) The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.
21、7. So why has English changed over time?那么那么, 英語在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢？英語在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢？over 貫穿貫穿, 經(jīng)過經(jīng)過(一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間)e.g.經(jīng)過這些年經(jīng)過這些年, 他變得更有耐心。他變得更有耐心。 Over the years, he has become more patient. 周末她會(huì)來杭州。周末她會(huì)來杭州。She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend.圣誕節(jié)時(shí)你在家嗎？圣誕節(jié)時(shí)你在家嗎？Will you stay at home over Christmas?over
22、 超過超過(=more than), 再三再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的,而現(xiàn)代英語不是。而現(xiàn)代英語不是。1) base v. 意為意為“以以為根據(jù)為根據(jù), 把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)在把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)在”, 常構(gòu)成短語常構(gòu)成短語base sth. on/upon sth。如：。如：This novel is based on fact.這部小說是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。這部小說是
23、以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。The paper had intended to base itself in London.This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence.拓展拓展base還可用作名詞還可用作名詞, 意為意為“底部底部, 基地基地, 基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)”等。如等。如:There is a door at the base of the tower.How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil?Many languages have Latin as their base.掌握掌
24、握base構(gòu)成的兩個(gè)短語：構(gòu)成的兩個(gè)短語：be off base 完全錯(cuò)誤完全錯(cuò)誤, 大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)touch base (with) sb(跟某人跟某人) 聯(lián)系上聯(lián)系上, 逗留逗留2) morethan 是是而不是而不是;與其說與其說不如說不如說; 中間接相同中間接相同成分。成分。He is more a friend than a teacher.He is more lazy than stupid.擴(kuò)展擴(kuò)展: more than 不僅僅不僅僅; 多于多于; 十分十分e.g. He is more than a teacher in our school.He made more th
25、an ten friends in this club.She is more than beautiful.rather than 而不是而不是; less than少于；少于；other than 除除之外之外3) present adj. 當(dāng)前的當(dāng)前的, 現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的 (作前置定語作前置定語)Did you see the present national leaders?Can you tell us something about the present situation?出席的出席的, 在場的在場的 (作表語或后置定語作表語或后置定語) Our teacher was prese
26、nt at the meeting.All the people present agree to my plan. n. 目前目前, 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在; 禮物禮物I cant spare time because I am busy at present.What present did you receive from your parents?at present: now; at this time/moment Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她現(xiàn)在很忙她現(xiàn)在很忙, 不能跟你談話。不能跟你談話。At present he is a pr
27、ofessor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是劍橋大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)教授。目前他是劍橋大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)教授。vt. 贈(zèng)與，給，贈(zèng)與，給， 提出提出present sb. with sth. 或或present sth. to sb.把把交給交給, 頒發(fā)頒發(fā), 授予授予 如如:Mother presented a gift to me just now.On his birthday, his friends presented him with a series of readers/presented a series of readers to him. (送給他一套
28、送給他一套讀者讀者) 9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亞使用了比以往任何時(shí)候更為莎士比亞使用了比以往任何時(shí)候更為廣泛的詞匯量。廣泛的詞匯量。make use of 利用利用, 使用使用make good/full use of 充分使用充分使用make no use of sth. 沒有利用沒有利用 We could make good use of our resources.我們應(yīng)該充分利用好我們的資源。我們應(yīng)該充分利用好我們的資源。Every minute should be made g
29、ood use of. 每一分鐘都應(yīng)該很好地利用。每一分鐘都應(yīng)該很好地利用。She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel.We should make good use of time to study. 拓展拓展 make構(gòu)成的常見短語構(gòu)成的常見短語: make of、make from 通常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài), 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成be made of、be made from 都都表示表示“由由制成制成”。其中其中be made of 表示在產(chǎn)品中能夠看出表示在產(chǎn)品中能夠看出原材料原材料; be made from 表示
30、在產(chǎn)品中表示在產(chǎn)品中看不出原材料?？床怀鲈牧?。make up 編寫編寫, 編造；和解編造；和解make up of 由由組成組成/構(gòu)成；構(gòu)成；make up for 彌補(bǔ)彌補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)償補(bǔ)償make out 理解理解, 弄懂弄懂; 看清看清, (勉強(qiáng)勉強(qiáng)) 辨認(rèn)出辨認(rèn)出; 假裝假裝, 裝成裝成make into 制成制成make it 成功成功, 辦成辦成; 及時(shí)趕到及時(shí)趕到10. the number of/ a number ofthe number of “的數(shù)目的數(shù)目”, 接可數(shù)接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), 其后其后謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of undergrad
31、uates has increased over the years.a number of 許多許多, 大量大量 (后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞), 其后謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)其后謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(a great number of/a large number of/ a small number of )A number of teachers agree with me.The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC.
32、 was; were D. were; wereC注意注意: 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的 a large/great/good number of, a good/great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quanti
33、ty of 11. such as & for example such as 用來列舉事物時(shí)用來列舉事物時(shí), 一般列舉同類一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子且所列舉事物的人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子且所列舉事物的數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和, 一旦相等一旦相等, 要用要用that is 或或namely.I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom.He can speak four languages, such as English and French.for example: 用來舉例說明某一論點(diǎn)或用
34、來舉例說明某一論點(diǎn)或情況，一般只舉同類人或物中的情況，一般只舉同類人或物中的 “一一個(gè)個(gè)” 為例，作插入語，可位于句首，為例，作插入語，可位于句首，句中或句尾，通常與所給的例子用逗句中或句尾，通常與所給的例子用逗號隔開，其后的例子可以是從句。號隔開，其后的例子可以是從句。Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.There are many kinds of pollution (污染污染) Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.用用such as, for example, na
35、mely填空填空(1) Students, _ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from.(2) Wear something simple, _, a skirt and blouse. (3) He knows six languages, _ Chinese, French, English, Spanish, Russian and Portuguese.such asfor examplenamely12. Only time can tell. 惟有時(shí)間將能證明。惟有時(shí)間將能證明。tell vi. 顯示出顯示出; 發(fā)生影響發(fā)生影響; 起作用起作用; 判
36、斷判斷tell A from B: 區(qū)分區(qū)分, 分別分別Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?13. frequently adv. 經(jīng)常地經(jīng)常地, 頻繁地頻繁地e.g. He was frequently drunk.Stores of grain are frequently attacked by pests.frequently的形容詞是的形容詞是frequent, 意為意為 “經(jīng)常的經(jīng)常的, 頻繁的頻繁的”。如：。如：He is a frequent visitor to our house.Her headaches are becoming
37、 less frequent.Frequent 還可用作動(dòng)詞還可用作動(dòng)詞, 意為意為“常到常到, 常去常去”。如。如：The bar was frequented by actors from the nearby theatre.These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds.I. Words:1.包括 _ 2. 國際的_3.本地人_ 4. 公寓住宅_5.現(xiàn)代的_ 6. 文化,文明_7.實(shí)際上_ 8. 現(xiàn)在的,出席的_9.使用,用法_ 10. 政府_11.迅速地_ 12. 命令,指令_13.有禮貌的_ 14. 東南方的_ 15.辨認(rèn)出_ 16
38、. 口音,重音_17.方向, 指導(dǎo)_ 18. 地鐵_includeinternationalnativeflat/apartmentmoderncultureactuallypresentusagegovernmentrapidlycommandpolitesoutheasternrecognizeaccentdirectionsubway. 重點(diǎn)短語 play a role/part in compare A with/to B make good/full use of because of believe it or not come up such as be based on be different from Homework 1. Memorizethenewwords.2. Retell the passage.3. Finish exercises in Learning about language.
浙江省安吉縣高一英語《Unit 2 English around the world》Reading2課件
