雅思A類圖表作文各個擊破(流程圖、柱圖、曲線、表格)

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1、A類圖表作文各個擊破（流程圖、柱圖、曲線圖、表格） .5.2 表格 4.5.2.1 解題關(guān)鍵 F??????? 1表格與餅圖一樣，都是靜態(tài)圖。切入點在描述分配； F??????? 2表格題考查列舉數(shù)字的能力和方法。通過舉一些有代表性的數(shù)據(jù)來說明問題； F??????? 3橫向比較。介紹橫向各個數(shù)據(jù)的區(qū)別、變化和趨勢； F??????? 4縱向比較。介紹縱向各個數(shù)據(jù)的區(qū)別、變化和趨勢； F??????? 5不需要將每一個數(shù)據(jù)分別說明，突出強調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)最大值和最小值； F??????? 6對比時要總結(jié)出數(shù)據(jù)對比最懸殊的和最小的。 4.5.2.2表格舉例 Topic 4-4：The

2、table below shows carbon dioxide emissions from transport in three European countries in 1994 and 2004．Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.（表格貼不上，大家看附件吧~ ^_^） ???????? 范文 The given table provides an overview of carbon dioxide e

3、missions from four main transport sources (namely，road transport，railways，civil aviation and shipping) in the United Kingdom，F(xiàn)rance and Germany in 1994 and 2004． ? Germany，although having higher emissions than either the United Kingdom or France did，saw the amount decrease slightly from 47.2 to 46

4、.7 million tonnes．By comparison，F(xiàn)rance recorded an increase of four million tonnes from 34.7 million in 1994，while the United Kingdom had a smaller growth，2.5 million tonnes over the same period．（縱向比較三個國家1994到2004年間二氧化碳釋放量的整體趨勢變化。） ? In all the three countries, road transport was responsible for t

5、he majority of emissions．（橫向?qū)λ膫€二氧化碳釋放源進行比較，點明最大釋放源）In the United Kingdom，road transport produced emissions up to 32.6 million tonnes in 2004，2 million more than ten years earlier，while other three transport sources did not show any remarkable growth．（接著對三個國家的釋放源進行描述說明，說明從1994年到2004年間的變化）A similar pa

6、ttern was seen in France，where road transport added 3.6 million tonnes to the total emissions within ten years．Germany，by contrast，was the only country of the three to experience a drop in road transport emissions．（比較德國和英國法國的區(qū)別）Other three transport sources had a lower emission volume as well，except

7、 civil aviation，with the amount rising to 1.2 million．（對其它二氧化碳釋放源進行描述，比較10年間的變化） ? As shown in the table，both UK and France failed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from transport sources during the period 1994 to 2004，in contrast to the decrease in Germany．Road transport continued to account for

8、 the biggest source of emissions．(237 words) ? Topic 4-5：Write a report for a university lecturer，describing the information shown below．You should write at least 150 words．（表格貼不上，大家看附件吧~ ^_^） ???????? 范文： The table provides information about the favored tourist destinations in the city of Llore

9、nte of different age groups．Each figure for destinations shows the percentage of tourists who visited the destinations on their last holiday．There are four age groups—twenties，thirties， forties，and over 50-year-old group． （點明表格提供不同年齡段所喜歡的旅游地點的信息。） ? The most favored destination for all age groups

10、 was shopping centres．The percentage of tourists who visited there was more than 80％, and 95％ of tourists of the forties group visited there. The percentages of tourists who vislted art galleries，zoos，and museums increased as the the age of tourists increased. For example，only 21％ of people in the t

11、wenties visited art galleries，however，81％ of the oldest age group visited there．On the other hand，the percentages of tourists who visited nightclubs， discotheques，and cinemas／theatres decreased as the age increased．For example，87％of tourists in twenties visited discotheques，however，only 5％ of the ol

12、dest age group did so. （按大家都喜歡的地點—老年人喜歡的地點—年輕人喜歡的地點這個邏輯順序進行描述；用on the other hand, for example 等連接詞來串聯(lián)句子。） ? To sum up，favored destinations were different for each age group，however，almost all tourists visited shopping centers．(176 words) （總結(jié)得出結(jié)論。） 4.5.2.3表格常用詞匯 noticeable trend 明顯趨勢 pronounce

13、d? adj. 明顯的 significant changes一些較大變化???????????????? rank? n. vt. vi. 列為，排列，等級 distribute? vt. 分布，區(qū)別 unequally? adv. 不相等地???????????????????????????????? average? n. vt. vi. adj. 平均?????????????????????????????????????? corresponding? adj. 相應(yīng)的，通訊的??????????????????? represent? vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn) ove

14、rall? adj. 總體上講??????????????????????????????????? in the case of?? adv. 在...的情況下 in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面 4.5.2.4表格常用表達 ?????? 開頭概述 1) The table shows (reveals，illustrates，demonstrates，depicts，describes，indicates) _____. 2) According to the table, _____. 3) As (is) show

15、n in the table, _____. 4) As can be seen from the table, _____. 5) Figures／statistics show (that) _____. 6) It can be seen from the figures／statistics that _____. 7) It is clear from the figures／statistics that _____. 8) It is apparent from the figures／statistics that _____. ?????? 描述比例 1) __

16、___ accounts for (takes up) 20％ of all. ??? _____占總數(shù)的20％。 2) On the top of the list is _____, which accounts for 70％． ??? 比例最高的是_____，占70％。 3) At the bottom of the list is _____，which takes up 20％ only． ??? 比例最低的是_____，僅占20％。 4) A ranks first，followed by B at 20％ and C at 15％． ??? A占比例最大，其次是B

17、占20％及C占15％。 5) The figure reached the highest／lowest point in _____. ??? 數(shù)據(jù)在_____時候達到最高點(最低點)。 ?????? 描述對比 1) A has almost (nearly／about) over a quarter (half／twice／one third) as many students as (as much money as) B. A的學(xué)生數(shù)／錢(差不多)是B的四分之一／一半／兩倍／三分之一／一樣。 2) A has about (approximately／exactly／pre

18、cisely) the same number (proportion／amount) of students (money) as B． A和B的學(xué)生／錢／數(shù)量／比例差不多／正好一樣。 3) A has something in common with B. A與B有一些共同點。 4) The difference between A and B lies in _____. A與B的不同之處在于_____。 ?????? 描述趨勢 1) The number increased （/rose） suddenly （dramatically／rapidly／substantia

19、lly／considerably／sharply） from _____ to _____. 數(shù)量從_____激增到_____。 2) During 1990 to 2000，there was a sudden （rapid／dramatic／substantial／sharp／considerable） rise （boom） in the number of private cars from _____ to _____. ? 1990年到2000年間，私人汽車的數(shù)量從_____急劇增長到_____。 3) The ten years from 1990 to 2000 wit

20、nessed （/saw） a steady growth of private cars from _____ to _____. ? 1990年到2000年10年間，私人汽車的數(shù)量從_____穩(wěn)步增長到_____。 4) The number of private cars increased (rose / fell／dropped／declined／decreased) by 20％． ? 私人汽車數(shù)量增長了(或：降低了)20％。 5) The number of private cars in 2000 was 5 times more than that in 1990．

21、 ? 2000年私人汽車數(shù)量是1990年的5倍。 6) The number of private cars roughly (/approximately) doubled (tripled) between 1990 and 2000． ? 1990年到2000年間，私人汽車數(shù)量大約是原來的2倍(3倍)。 ?????? 結(jié)尾 1) We can conclude from the table that _____. 2) In short (In brief), _____. 3) In conclusion, _____. 4) To conclude, it seems

22、clear that _____. 5) From the table／diagram, we can see _____. 6) As can be seen from the chart／table／diagram, _____. 7) It is clear (/apparent) from the chart (/graph／table) that _____. 4.5.2.5表格模板 The table shows _____.? (簡要介紹表中呈現(xiàn)的信息。) ? According to the figures，as people age in Someland,

23、their social lives reduce．Teenagers and people in their twenties _____. People in their 30s，40s，50s and 60s _____. (general statement，點明從數(shù)據(jù)中概括得出的一種趨勢。) ? Group and individual exercise follow a similar pattern．People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment. Teenagers a

24、nd retired people _____. For everybody else, _____. (general statement，點明從數(shù)據(jù)中概括得出的另一種趨勢。) ? Consequently，it can be concluded that there is a significant trend towards _____. 4.5.3 曲線圖 4.5.3.1 解題關(guān)鍵 F??????? 1曲線圖和柱狀圖都是動態(tài)圖，解題的切入點在于描述趨勢。 F??????? 2在第二段的開頭部分對整個曲線進行一個階段式的總分類，使寫作層次清晰，同時也方便考官閱卷。接下來再分

25、類描述每個階段的specific trend，同時導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)作為分類的依據(jù)。 F??????? 3趨勢說明。即，對曲線的連續(xù)變化進行說明，如上升、下降、波動、持平。以時間為比較基礎(chǔ)的應(yīng)抓住“變化”：上升、下降、或是波動。題中對兩個或兩個以上的變量進行描述時應(yīng)在此基礎(chǔ)上進行比較，如變量多于兩個應(yīng)進行分類或有側(cè)重的比較。 F??????? 4極點說明。即對圖表中最高的、最低的點單獨進行說明。不以時間為比較基礎(chǔ)的應(yīng)注意對極點的描述。 F??????? 5交點說明。即對圖表當中多根曲線的交點進行對比說明。 F??????? 6不要不做任何說明就機械地導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)，這不符合雅思的考試目的。 ? 4

26、.5.3.2曲線圖舉例 Topic 4-6：The graph shows the rate of smoking of man and women in Scotland from 1960 to 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 150 words．（圖貼不上，?大家下載附件吧~ ） ? ? ???????? 范文 The line cha

27、rt compares the rate of smoking of men and women in Scotland from 1960 to 2000. It can be clearly seen that the rate of smoking for both men and women was declining and that fewer women smoked during the period. (點明圖表主要趨勢，用compare這個詞揭示下面的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。) ? In 1960, 600 men in every l,000 smoked. This numbe

28、r decreased gradually to 500 by 1974 and continued to decrease steeply to 250 by 2000．In contrast, the smoking rate for women was very low, only 80 in every 1,000 in 1960．By 1968 this increased to 170 and rose again more steeply to 320 in 1977．The rate of female smokers then remained stable at 320 u

29、ntil in 1984，at which point the figures began to decline and dropped to 200 by 2000． (按時間先后順序描述男性吸煙者的發(fā)展趨勢，用in contrast連接女性吸煙者，承上啟下，并形成對比。) ? In conclusion，we can see that the rate of smoking of men dropped throughout the whole period but was always higher than that of women．The rate of female smo

30、kers increased until 1977，but then decreased for the rest of the period. (176 words) (結(jié)尾段中換一種方式描述結(jié)論，與開頭段相互呼應(yīng)。) ? Topic 4-7：The line chart bellow shows serious violent crime levels from 1978 to 2000 in the US．Serious violent crimes include rape，robbery，aggravated assault and homicide. Summarise th

31、e information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.．（圖貼不上，?大家下載附件吧~ ） ? ? ? ???????? 范文 The multiple-line graph demonstrates trends in violent crime levels in the US during the period 1978 to 2000. ? In the first ten years，there were fluctuations in

32、 the total crime level，but the overall trend was upbeat．By about 1989，it rose to a record high，around 4.5 offences per thousand Americans，half the figure in 1980 (slightly over 3 offences)，the lowest ever recorded during the given period．Victimisations rose and fell at a lower level between 2 and 2.

33、5 offences over the same period，while crimes recorded by police showed a steady increase，reaching its highest in the year 1994，over 1.5 offences in a thousand．The arrest rate was the lowest，levelling off below 0.5 offences per 1,000． ? From 1988 onwards，the total violent crime level declined gradu

34、ally，so did victimisations reported to police．In 2000，3 out of a thousand Americans committed violent crime，while half as many victims were reported to the police．As to crimes recorded by police and arrests for violent crime，both dropped slightly in the last five years and the figures were 1.5 and 0

35、.5 offences respectively in 2000． ? Overall，the violent crime rate，as well as victimisations reported to police，crimes recorded and arrests for violent crime，was not subject to strong fluctuations in the final two decades of the last century，although by the end of the century，there was a trend tow

36、ard lower violent crime levels. (240 words) 4.5.3.3曲線圖常用詞匯 ? ?????? 動詞—九大運動趨勢 一：表示向上：increase，rise，improve，grow，ascend，mount，aggrandize，go up，climb， take off， jump，shoot up暴漲，soar，rocket， skyrocket 舉例：人口上升：the number of population increased/ascended/mounted等等。 二：表示上升后保持平穩(wěn)：flatten out(下降或升高后變平)

37、， level off 舉例：人口上升后保持平穩(wěn)：the number of population mounted and leveled off. 三：表示復(fù)蘇（下降后再上升）：recover，bounce back 舉例：人口下降后復(fù)蘇：the number of population decreased and recovered. 四：表示下降：decrease，decline，descend，drop， fall，go down，come down，collapse， crash， fall off， slump， plummet， plunge， slide，shrink,

38、 dwindle, diminish 舉例：人口減少：the number of population decreased/ declined. 五：表示下降后保持平穩(wěn)：bottom out，flatten out(下降或升高后變平) 舉例：人口下降后保持平穩(wěn)：the number of population decreased and bottomed out. 六：表示穩(wěn)定或水平：remain steady/constant，stay stable, stabilize， stagnate，flatten out(下降或升高后變平)， level off， stay at the

39、same level， be similar to， there is little／hardly any／no change 舉例：表示人口數(shù)量保持平穩(wěn)的時候可以寫: the number of population stayed stable. /the number of population remained steady. 七：表示波動：fluctuate 舉例：人口波動：the number of population fluctuated. 八：表示在底部：reach a low point，bottom out，reach the bottom，reach the ro

40、ck，hit a trough 九：表示在頂部：reach a peak，peak，top out，reach the highest point/ the top/ the summit/ the most，peak in/at，reach the zenith 舉例：人口到達了頂峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith. ? ?????? 形容詞和副詞—變化程度 abrupt(ly)(突然)，sudden(ly)(突然)，dramatic(ally)(急劇)，drastic(

41、ally)(急劇)，sharp(ly)(急劇)，quick(ly)(迅速)，rapid(ly)(迅速)，marked(ly)(顯著)，significant(ly)(顯著)，considerable(considerably)(相當)，substantial(ly)(相當) moderate(ly)(適當)，gradual(ly)(逐漸)，slight(ly)(輕微)，slow(ly)(緩慢)，steady(steadily)(平緩) ? ?????? 名詞 line chart線圖，curve diagram曲線圖，horizontal axis橫軸，vertical axis縱軸，p

42、lateau(上升后的穩(wěn)定期)，record high歷史高度，record low歷史低點，trough (曲線上的)最小值，zenith(最高值), general trend，upward/downward tend 增加：an increase，a rise，a growth， an improvement， an upturn， a surge， an upsurge， an upward trend 下降：a fall， a decrease， a decline， a drop， a downturn， a downturn trend，low point，reduction

43、 波動：fluctuation ? ?????? 介詞 一. remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenith后面需要使用的是at. 舉例: 1.人口在500萬上保持平穩(wěn): The number of population remained steady at 5 million. 2. 人口在800萬時到達了頂峰: The number of population peaked at 8 million. 3. 下降后，人口在400萬保持平穩(wěn):Afte

44、r decreasing, the number of population bottomed out at 4 million. 4. 上升后，人口在700萬保持平穩(wěn): After mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million. 二. 上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了) 舉例: 1. 人口下降到200萬: number of population decreased to 2 million. 2. 人口下降了200萬: number of population decreased by 2 milli

45、on. 3. 人口上升到1000萬: number of population increased to 10 million. 4. 人口上升了500萬: number of population increased by 5 million. 三. recover的后面大家需要使用的是from 舉例: 人口在200萬時開始復(fù)蘇: The number of population recovered from 2 million. 四. fluctuate的后面大家需要連接between …and… 舉例: 人口在20和100億之間波動: The number of popula

46、tion fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion. ? 4.5.3.4曲線圖常用表達 ? ?????? 開頭概述常用表達 1) The line chart depicts the changes in the number of _____ over the period from 2000 to 2004． ??? 該曲線圖描述了從2000年到2004年_____數(shù)量的變化。 2） The chart provides some data regarding the fluctuations of _____ from 2000 to 2004

47、． ??? 該曲線圖描述了從2000年到2004年_____的變動。 3) The graph，presented in the curve diagram，shows the general trend in _____. ??? 該圖以曲線圖的形式描述了_____總的趨勢。 4) This is a line chart showing _____. ??? 這是一個曲線圖，描述了_____。 5) As can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuations of _____. ??? 如圖所示，兩條曲

48、線描述了_____波動的情況。 ? ?????? 描述曲線常用表達 1)The _____ in the graph is measured in units，each of which is equivalent to _____. ??? 圖表中的_____以_____為單位，每單位等于_____。 2) The horizontal axis stands for _____. ??? 橫軸代表了_____。 3) The vertical axis stands for _____. ??? 縱軸代表了_____。 4)There was a rapid (/dram

49、atic／drastic／sharp／great／remarkable／slight／little／slow) increase (/rise／decrease／drop／fall／decline) of A over the period from _____ to _____. ??? 從_____到_____期間A有快速 / 劇烈／急速／很大／明顯／很?。瘞缀鯖]有／緩慢地增長／下降。 5) The curve appeared to level off in 1988． ??? 曲線似乎在1988年穩(wěn)定下來。 6) The situation reached a peak (/h

50、igh point) at _____ in 2000. ? 這種情況在2000年到達一個頂點，為_____。 7) The situation fell down to (/reached) the bottom in 2000． ? 這種情況在2000年降到低谷。 8) The figures hit a trough in 2000． ? 這些數(shù)字2000年降到最低點。 ? 4.5.3.5曲線圖模板 The line chart compares the rate of? A? and ?B? . It can be clearly seen that _____. A

51、 _____.? In contrast，B _____. In conclusion, we can see from the chart that _____. 4.5.4 柱圖 4.5.4.1 解題關(guān)鍵 F??????? 1柱狀圖是動態(tài)圖表，切入點是描述趨勢。 F??????? 2柱狀圖寫作注重“比較”(找出similarity)和“對比”(找出difference)，也就是說需要橫向總結(jié)所有柱狀圖表的共性特征，也要分別描寫各個柱子的個性特征。 F??????? 3有兩種寫作方式：其一是對不同時間段內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)進行比較，適合于數(shù)據(jù)代表的物體較少且時間界限明確的情況。另外是對單獨數(shù)

52、據(jù)的全程描述，適合于描述數(shù)據(jù)對象很多且時間劃定不清晰的情況。 ? 4.5.4.2柱圖舉例 Topic 4-8：The graph shows the increasing use of consumer goods (TVs，washing machines, etc.) in the UK．Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. ．（圖貼不上，大家下載附件吧~ ） ? ???????? 范文： The

53、bar chart indicates the percentage of household consumer durables sold in the UK from 1972 to 1983. The goods can be divided into three groups. (首先介紹了圖表的內(nèi)容，然后點明從圖表中總結(jié)出的大致傾向，為下文展開做好鋪墊。) Firstly，a number of appliances were in a high percentage of homes for the entire period．These included TVs，vacuu

54、m cleaners and washing machines． TV ownership was the highest，growing from 93％ to 98％ over the eleven-year period, while washing machine ownership，the lowest of this group，increased from 66％ to 80％．(開頭句為中心句。第二句用these來作承接，下面用最突出的數(shù)據(jù)來做例子，即highest和lowest。) The second group included the central heatin

55、g and telephones which showed the most dramatic rise with increases of 27％ for central heating and 35％ for telephones．At the beginning of the period, these appliances had been bought by 37％ and 42％ of homes respectively． The final group was appliances that were only introduced into the market during

56、 the period shown． Video recorder was quickly accepted into households, achieving 18％ ownership by 1983．The dishwasher had less impact, with its ownership slowly rising from 3％ to 5％ between 1978 and 1983．(第二類、第三類電器現(xiàn)在的情況與以前相比較。比較是寫文章時常用的修辭手段。video recorder和the dishwasher之間進行比較，用less連接兩個句子。) In al

57、l，it can be seen from the graph that British households enjoyed all ever-increasing ownership of consumer durables from 1972 to 1983．( 4.5.5 流程圖 4.5.5.1 解題關(guān)鍵 流程圖flow charts是一個難點。流程圖的題目基本不會重復(fù)；流程圖的詞匯隨著圖表不同而變化，很少出現(xiàn)重復(fù)的詞匯。幸運的是，流程圖考題次數(shù)并不多，一年大概三到五次，主要集中在年初年末三個月。 ? ?? ?? ?流程圖特點： 2? ?? ???1流

58、程圖基本不會出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)，文字信息占主要地位； 2? ?? ???2流程圖以描述為主，比較的機會比圖表題少； 2? ?? ???3流程圖中出現(xiàn)的信息都需要描述，而普通圖表則不需要描述每一個數(shù)據(jù)； 2? ?? ???4流程圖的時態(tài)多比較單一，主要用一般現(xiàn)在時； 2? ?? ???5流程圖的分段比較靈活，只要不同階段之間的差距很明顯，就可以另起一段。 ? ?? ?? ?描述流程五大步 F? ?? ???1首先說明該過程是做什么工作的，目的是什么。 F? ?? ???2準備工作。 F? ?? ???3按時間／過程先后描述。 F? ?? ???

59、4結(jié)果。 F? ?? ???5簡單總結(jié)(可有可無)。 ? ?? ?? ?描述一個實物／器具的工作過程 F? ?? ???1實物是什么，做什么用的。 F? ?? ???2基本結(jié)構(gòu)。 F? ?? ???3工作過程。 F? ?? ???4簡單總結(jié)。 ? ?? ?? ?擴充內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵：階段間進行比較 很多烤鴨們在流程圖寫作中經(jīng)常遇到字數(shù)不夠的問題，這是由于描述過程太平鋪直敘。此時要注意各個階段的比較。 例4-33：In two weeks，the fry will grow up to two inches long． 解析：

60、原句過于簡單，可以增加魚苗和前一階段的比較。 改正：In two weeks, the fry will grow up to two inches long, more than twice longer than it was when hatched． 大意：在兩周的時間內(nèi)，魚苗長到了兩英寸，比剛孵化的時候長兩倍還要多。 例4-34：In the second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour． 解析：原句過于簡單，可以增加一點說明，譬如說關(guān)于第二階段產(chǎn)生的變化和結(jié)果。 改正：In the

61、second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour．While the glass in the first phase is possibly life-threatening and contaminated，the glass is now hygeian and ready for the next stage of the recycling process． 大意：在第二步，工作人員會清洗各種顏色的玻璃。第一階段的玻璃可能是危害健康并被污染的，而這一階段的玻璃是衛(wèi)生的，可以為循環(huán)過程的下一步做準備。 例4-

62、35：In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area． 解析：原句過于簡單，可以增加一點說明，譬如說關(guān)于第二階段的功能和目的。 改正： In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area．It is to serve the needs of those people working in those office blocks and fa

63、ctories built in the first phase． 大意：在城市擴張的第二階段，土地開發(fā)商開始建造居民區(qū)。這是為了滿足在第一階段所建辦公樓和工廠里工作的人們的需要。 4.5.5.2流程圖舉例 Topic 4-9：The diagram below shows the life cycle of the butterfly．Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. （圖貼不上，大家下

64、載附件吧~ ） ? ?? ?? ?范文： The life cycle of a butterfly starts from egg laying．The female butterfly normally lays eggs on a plant that it thinks is suitable for accommodating and feeding caterpillars．In each egg，an embryo develops gradually．In general，this period takes two to three weeks．The

65、fully-grown embryo，called “the caterpillar”，will emerge from the egg． The next stage is skin-shedding．Caterpillars will shed their skin several times throughout this stage．They feed on the food plants where they live．This stage lasts for two months at most，until caterpillars are ready for the

66、 pupal stage． The pupal stage is possibly one of the greatest wonders in the natural world．At this stage，the caterpillar wraps itself in a pupa，a creature it creates within two hours．Inside the pupa，a process known as metamorphosis takes place．In two weeks，the pupa is transformed into an adult butterfly. At the final stage，the adult butterfly will break the pupal case，expand its wings and take the flight for the first time．It marks the end of metamorphosis．Flying around for new foo