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1、專題一閱讀理解第三講主旨大意類真題驗證題組一(2017全國，D)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driv
2、ing is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔絕) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing invehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving in
3、to later life.These include custommade navigation(導(dǎo)航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get
4、 out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving befo
5、re they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”For example, most of us would expect older d
6、rivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of prevent
7、ing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解決方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”文章大意：本文是一篇科普說明文，介紹了智能交通團隊建立移動實驗室，研究老年人開車存在的問題和難點，幫助老年人安全駕駛。What is the purpose of the DriveLAB？_C_ATo explore new means of transport.BTo design new types of cars.CTo
8、 find out older drivers problems.DTo teach people traffic rules.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立實驗室的目的是要找出老年人開車有困難的地方，故選C。 Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？_A_AIt
9、 keeps them independent.BIt helps them save time.CIt builds up their strength.DIt cures their mental illnesses.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“For many older people，particularly those living alone or in the country，driving is important for preserving their independence，giving them the freedom to get out and about
10、 without having to rely on others”可知，對于老年人來說，開車對保持他們生活的獨立性至關(guān)重要，故選A。What do researchers hope to do for older drivers？_B_AImprove their driving skills.BDevelop driverassist technologies.CProvide tips on repairing their cars.DOrganize regular physical checkups.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“the Newcastle team are d
11、eveloping invehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life”可知，研究者正在研發(fā)車載式的技術(shù)以幫助老年人晚年依然能開車，故選B。What is the best title for the text？_D_AA new Model Electric CarBA Solution to Traffic ProblemsCDriving Services for EldersDKeeping Older Drivers o
12、n the Road解析：考查標題判斷。本文的關(guān)鍵詞是老年人駕車，重點講述了為了讓他們安全駕車所進行的研究。故選D。(2017天津，A)Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after youve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with
13、 shame.What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send” too soonDont waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the pr
14、evious version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: dont handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i
15、.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names)Clicking “reply all” unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday youd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted apolo
16、gy to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkwar
17、d email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person youre discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblyse
18、e it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.文章大意：這是一篇應(yīng)用文。匆忙之中或心不在焉時發(fā)送電子郵件出現(xiàn)錯誤怎么辦？比如，郵件還沒寫好就發(fā)送了，把收件人的名字拼寫錯了，個人郵件被你誤發(fā)給了所有人，或者把埋怨的郵件誤發(fā)給了被你吐槽的那個人。本文告訴我們出現(xiàn)這些情況時我們該如何補救。After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel_C_.Acurious B.tired C.awful D.funny 解析：考查
19、細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的“realising an email accident”可把答案定位在第二段。該段說，在你點擊“發(fā)送”數(shù)秒鐘之后你就會意識到自己的錯誤，結(jié)合下文的“freeze in horror and burn with shame”可知，人們意識到“郵件事故”后，可能會感覺糟糕，因此選C。If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to _A_.Aapologise in a serious mannerBtell the receiver to ignore the errorClearn to writ
20、e the name correctlyDsend a short notice to everyone解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的“written the wrong name”可把答案定位在第五段，該部分提出建議說，此時趕緊給對方發(fā)一個簡短的回復(fù)，為自己的錯誤道歉(apologising for your mistake)，而且要注意道歉的語調(diào)(dont handle it too lightly)，這與A項的陳述是一致的。What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”
21、email？_B_ATry offering other choices.BAvoid further involvement.CMeet other staff members.DMake a lighthearted apology.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干的內(nèi)容可把答案定位至第六段，這部分提到，如果你不小心點了“回復(fù)所有人”，可能有人會就此開始回復(fù)不太友好的話，此時你最好離開電腦鍵盤(step away from your keyboard)，以便讓大家都冷靜下來。這與B項的陳述相吻合，表示“避免繼續(xù)卷入(這樣的對話)”。How should you deal with the pr
22、oblem caused by an offensive email？_D_ABy promising not to offend the receiver again.BBy seeking support from the receivers friends.CBy asking the receiver to control his anger.DBy talking to the receiver face to face.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的“offensive email”可把答案定位在最后一段。這部分提到，在出現(xiàn)冒犯對方的情況時，要盡快親自向?qū)Ψ降狼?。故選D。What
23、 is the passage mainly about？_C_ADefining email errors.BReducing email mistakes.CHandling email accidents.DImproving email writing.解析：考查主旨要義。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹的是發(fā)送電子郵件出現(xiàn)問題時人們該如何面對和補救，因此C項最能概括本文的主題。(2017浙江，A)Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was on
24、ly six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last
25、 long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing._The_cats_lot_was_about_to_improve._ That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impresse
26、d with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版畫)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr. Pennington returned for ano
27、ther visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (風(fēng)景) painting. William Williams, a wellkn
28、own painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pi
29、llow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了美國著名藝術(shù)家本杰明韋斯特是如何開始他的藝術(shù)生涯的。What is the text mainly about？_C_ABenjamins visit to Philadelphi
30、a.BWilliams influence on Benjamin.CThe beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.DThe friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.解析：主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的。故選C。What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest？_D_AThe cat would be closely watche
31、d.BThe cat would get some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.解析：推理判斷題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運將會得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項與畫線句的意思相符。What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？_B_AHe took him to s
32、ee painting exhibitions.BHe provided him with painting materials.CHe sent him to a school in Philadelphia.DHe taught him how to make engravings.解析：細節(jié)理解題。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接著下一段又談到“.Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘
33、寧頓送給本杰明繪畫材料來幫助他發(fā)展藝術(shù)才能，故選B項。Williams two books helped Benjamin to _D_.Amaster the use of paintsBappreciate landscape paintingsCget to know other paintersDmake up his mind to be a painter解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后兩句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to class
34、ical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，這兩本書是他通往古典繪畫的指引，也幫助他下定決心成為一名畫家，故選D項。(2016全國，D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show
35、 stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(間隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native A
36、mericans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what ha
37、s been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may us
38、e silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign
39、 of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silenc
40、e so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.文章大意：文章介紹了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含義以及沉默的治療價值等內(nèi)容。What does the
41、author say about silence in conversations？_C_AIt implies anger.BIt promotes friendship.CIt is culturespecific.DIt is contentbased.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段第三句“A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry”(某一談話中的沉默可能也表示倔強、不安或者擔(dān)憂)可知，silence in conversations具有文化特異性。故選C。Which of the
42、following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？_A_AThe Chinese.BThe French.CThe Mexicans.DThe Russians.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore
43、, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知，中國人可能認為一個人在談話時突然停頓是希望聽話人去仔細思考。故選A。What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？_D_ALet it continue a
44、s the patient pleases.BBreak it while treating patients.CEvaluate its harm to patients.DMake use of its healing effects.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段，尤其是最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultur
45、es”可知，護士應(yīng)該充分利用沉默的治愈價值。故選D。What may be the best title for the text？_B_ASound and SilenceBWhat It Means to Be SilentCSilence to Native AmericansDSpeech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold解析：考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含義，故選B。文章未談及Sound，所以A項不對；文章雖談到了Silence to Native Americans，但這不是文章的中心內(nèi)容，故排除C項；文章未涉及Speech I
46、s Silver的內(nèi)容，所以D項也不對。題組二(2016全國，C)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own
47、 and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds _it._Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing,
48、 says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can
49、 also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part o
50、f a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虛擬)The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了BookC網(wǎng)站幫助喜愛讀書的人們互相交流和傳遞圖書的內(nèi)容。Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph？_B_ATo explain wh
51、at they are.BTo introduce BookCrossing.CTo stress the importance of reading.DTo encourage readers to share their ideas.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段第三句話“Now，the website BookCe turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”可知，作者提到book groups是為了引出BookCrossing。故選B項。What does the underlined word “it” in Para
52、graph 2 refer to？_A_AThe book.BAn adventure.CA public place.DThe identification number.解析：考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段中的“hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide.”可知，此處的“it”指的是“the book”。故選A項。What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it？_C_AMeet other readers to discuss it.BKee
53、p it safe in his bookcase.CPass it on to another reader.DMail it back to its owner.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“BookCrossing provide an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new
54、reader who finds it”可知，讀完書之后，BookCrossers將會把它繼續(xù)傳遞給其他的讀者。故選C項。What is the best title for the text？_D_AOnline Reading: A Virtual TourBElectronic Books: A New TrendCA Book Group Brings Tradition BackDA Website Links People through Books解析：考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Now，the website BookC turns the page on the tr
55、aditional idea of a book group”以及其余的內(nèi)容可知，本篇文章主要介紹了BookC網(wǎng)站的功能及其創(chuàng)建的意義。故選D項。(2016北京，B)Surviving Hurricane SandyNatalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house.“Its the ocean that mak
56、es Rockaway so special，” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce.That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next d
57、ay, they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly.Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men an
58、d women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.
59、“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me，” Natalie says.“but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his bas
60、eball card collecting when his house burned down.Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring muchneed suppli
61、es to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(創(chuàng)痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air.The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt.“I cant
62、 imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”文章大意：這是一篇記敘文。本文的主人公14歲的女孩娜塔莉主動參與重建遭受颶風(fēng)重創(chuàng)的家鄉(xiāng)。她建立了一個網(wǎng)站，為外界的捐贈者和家鄉(xiāng)需要幫助的人結(jié)對，同時幫助很多孩子實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。她應(yīng)邀到白宮，并被授予榮譽稱號。When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found_B_.Asome friends
63、 had lost their livesBher neighborhood was destroyedCher school had moved to BrooklynDthe elderly were free from suffering解析：考查細節(jié)理解。由題干的“returned.after the hurricane”可知，答案應(yīng)該在第三段。娜塔莉一家在颶風(fēng)過后回到家鄉(xiāng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)街區(qū)已變?yōu)閺U墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家園，并且住到了很遠的地方。人們都在遭受苦難，特別是老年人。從這些信息可知選B。According to paragraph 4，who inspired Natalie most？_A_AThe people helping Rockaway rebuild.BThe people trapped in highrise building.CThe volunteers donating money to survivors.DLocal teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。由第四段第一句中的“the men and women
2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 閱讀理解篇 專題1 閱讀理解 第3講 主旨大意類練案
