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1、題組2科普知識(shí)專題一閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓(xùn)練A(2017甘肅甘谷二中一模甘肅甘谷二中一模)Are you an optimist？Do you look at your glass and see it as half full？Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best？Do you believe that if something is meant to be，it will be？If you reply “yes” to all o
2、f these questions，then you are an optimist.You probably are enthusiastic，cheerful and outgoing.You may be successful at work and in love.But you may be misguided because things dont turn out for the best.You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example，you may fail to obtain
3、a new job; another chance will come around soon) .Wrong.When one door closes，another door slams(砰然關(guān)上砰然關(guān)上) in your face.Thats bitter reality. Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲觀者悲觀者) have suspected all along.Its called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism.Its author a
4、rgues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results.Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear， anxiety and worry.Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by setting low outcomes for themselves.They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle the
5、se problems.And this gives them a sense of control.Lawrence Sanno，a psychology professor，says，“Whats interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people，so their low opinion of the situations outcomes is not realistic.They use it to motivate themselves to perform be
6、tter.”So far，so good.This is not rocket science.Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong，whether at work，on date or even in a sports game.It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution.For example，“Dont put all your eggs in one
7、basket.” And “Dont count your chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident and optimistic approach to lifes problems is good.But listen to what Woody Alien，the American comedian says，“Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a
8、 pessimist.Dont feel bad if you see the glass half empty.You are a realist.But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full. 語篇解讀語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，說明了防御性悲觀的積極力量，防御性悲觀主義是一種本文是一篇說明文，說明了防御性悲觀的積極力量，防御性悲觀主義是一種管理恐懼、焦慮和擔(dān)心的策略。防御性悲觀者為自己設(shè)定較低的結(jié)果，他們仔細(xì)考慮可管理恐懼、焦慮和擔(dān)心的策略。防御性悲觀者為自己設(shè)定較低的結(jié)果，他們仔細(xì)考慮可
9、能出現(xiàn)的問題并計(jì)劃處理這些問題的辦法，這給了他們一種控制感。能出現(xiàn)的問題并計(jì)劃處理這些問題的辦法，這給了他們一種控制感。 語篇解讀1.Whats the passage mainly about?A.A book that has recently been published.B.How to become successful in life.C.The dangers of being too optimistic.D.The benefits of defensive pessimism.解析解析主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出了人樂觀一點(diǎn)會(huì)更好，接著主要討主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出了人
10、樂觀一點(diǎn)會(huì)更好，接著主要討論了要做一個(gè)防御性悲觀者，因?yàn)檫@樣的悲觀者才會(huì)對(duì)以后的事情做好充論了要做一個(gè)防御性悲觀者，因?yàn)檫@樣的悲觀者才會(huì)對(duì)以后的事情做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)有詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃和安排。那樣才能有更好的結(jié)果。故分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)有詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃和安排。那樣才能有更好的結(jié)果。故D正確。正確。答案解析23142.The underlined sentence in Para.4 means .A.its not a dangerous thing to doB.it is quite simple to understandC.the cost is not so high D.there is no re
11、al proof解析解析句意理解題。諺語句意理解題。諺語“This is not rocket science.”中的中的rocket science指困難的事情，難以理解的事情。本句話的意思就是指這很好理解。故指困難的事情，難以理解的事情。本句話的意思就是指這很好理解。故B正確。正確。答案解析2314解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“There are many sayings in English urging caution.For example，Dont put all your eggs in one basket.”可知該諺語表示做事要謹(jǐn)慎，與
12、防御性悲觀者觀點(diǎn)一致，故可知該諺語表示做事要謹(jǐn)慎，與防御性悲觀者觀點(diǎn)一致，故A項(xiàng)符合。項(xiàng)符合。3.Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?A.Dont put all your eggs in one basket.B.The glass is half full not half empty.C.Whatever will be，will be.D.Every cloud has a silver lining.答案解析23144.The writer would proba
13、bly describe himself as .A.an optimist B.a defeatistC.a realist D.a scientist解析解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“當(dāng)上帝關(guān)上一扇門的時(shí)候，他會(huì)當(dāng)上帝關(guān)上一扇門的時(shí)候，他會(huì)為你打開另外一扇門。但是實(shí)際上并不是總是如此。為你打開另外一扇門。但是實(shí)際上并不是總是如此?！痹俳雍献詈笠欢卧俳雍献詈笠欢蝺?nèi)容可知作者是個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者。故內(nèi)容可知作者是個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者。故C正確。正確。答案解析2314B(2017吉林長春外國語學(xué)校期中吉林長春外國語學(xué)校期中)Showers can be relaxing.You c
14、an hum a song，daydream or think about nothing，leaving the real world behind you.But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?A research by Scott Barry Kaufman，a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world.It turned out that nearly two-thir
15、ds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.So why does a simple shower have such magic power？Science can explain it.Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine，a hormone(荷爾蒙荷爾蒙) closely related to our cr
16、eativity.“People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine，” explained Alice Flaherty，a famous American neuroscientist.“Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring Aha！ moment to us.”Besides the chemical ch
17、anges，showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with.Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem，jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories.In this way，according to American psych
18、ologist Shelley H.Carson， author of Your Creative Brain，“a showering hour may turn into an incubation(孵化孵化) period for your ideas.” ” Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds，but it neednt just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration.For instance，Gertrude Stein，a female A
19、merican writer and poet，got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her.So try to create your own way to free your mind，whether its a walk near the ocean，a country drive or reading a book at home. 語篇解讀語篇解讀語篇解讀一項(xiàng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了淋浴不僅能讓我們感到放松，
20、還能激發(fā)大一項(xiàng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了淋浴不僅能讓我們感到放松，還能激發(fā)大腦的創(chuàng)造力。腦的創(chuàng)造力。5.According to the article，what changes can showering cause?A.Bringing the terrible moment to us.B.Increasing the level of dopamine.C.Leading to boredom or tiredness.D.Setting the conservative part of the brain free.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Showering
21、 can help to raise our level of dopamine.”可知，淋浴能增加人體內(nèi)多巴胺的水平。故選可知，淋浴能增加人體內(nèi)多巴胺的水平。故選B。答案解析67586.If one has focused on something all day，showering can help .A.turn ones attention inwardsB.draw ones attention to the outside worldC.one make an important breakthroughD.many chemical changes to take place解析
22、解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem，jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories.”可知，可知，A項(xiàng)正確。項(xiàng)正確。答案解析67587.Whats the authors attitude towards the opinion that showering c
23、an lead to creativity?A.Positive. B.Negative.C.Neutral. D.Not mentioned.解析解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds.”可判斷出，作者認(rèn)為淋浴能激發(fā)我們的創(chuàng)可判斷出，作者認(rèn)為淋浴能激發(fā)我們的創(chuàng)造力，即作者對(duì)造力，即作者對(duì)“淋浴能激發(fā)人的創(chuàng)造力淋浴能激發(fā)人的創(chuàng)造力”這一觀點(diǎn)持積極態(tài)度。故選這一觀點(diǎn)持積極態(tài)度。故選A。答案解析67588.The example of Gertrude
24、Stein in the last paragraph is used to .A.encourage readers to find their own ways of getting inspirationB.point out to readers that its hard to find inspirationC.explain how to link inspiration with readers daily livesD.show that creativity often comes from strange places解析解析推理判斷題。最后一段開頭作者指出淋浴能激發(fā)我們
25、的創(chuàng)造力，但推理判斷題。最后一段開頭作者指出淋浴能激發(fā)我們的創(chuàng)造力，但是并不一定非得在浴室淋浴獲得靈感，后面就以是并不一定非得在浴室淋浴獲得靈感，后面就以Gertrude Stein為例講述為例講述其他方法也能激發(fā)我們的靈感。由此可判斷出，作者以其他方法也能激發(fā)我們的靈感。由此可判斷出，作者以Gertrude Stein為為例是為了鼓勵(lì)讀者找到自己的獲取靈感的方法。故選例是為了鼓勵(lì)讀者找到自己的獲取靈感的方法。故選A。答案解析6758C(2017第三次全國大聯(lián)考第三次全國大聯(lián)考)Feeding knowledge directly into your brain，just like in sc
26、i-fi classic The Matrix(黑客帝國黑客帝國)，could soon take as much effort as falling asleep，scientists believe.Researchers claim to have developed a simulator which can feed information directly into a persons brain and teach them new skills in a shorter amount of time，comparing it to “l(fā)ife imitating art”. ”
27、. Researchers from HRL Laboratories，based in California，say they have found a way to amplify learning，only on a much smaller scale than seen in the Hollywood film. They studied the electric signals in the brain of a trained pilot and then fed the data into novice(初學(xué)者初學(xué)者)subjects as they learned to p
28、ilot an airplane in a realistic flight simulator.The study，published in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience，found that subjects who received brain stimulation via electrode-embedded head caps improved their piloting abilities and learnt the task 33 percent better than a placebo group.“Our sy
29、stem is one of the first of its kind.Its a brain stimulation system，” explained Dr Matthew Phillips.“It sounds kind of sci-fi，but theres large scientific basis for the development of our system.The specific task we were looking at was piloting an aircraft，which requires a combination of both cogniti
30、ve and motor performance.When you learn something，your brain physically changes.Connections are made and strengthened in a process called neuro-plasticity.It turns out that certain functions of the brain，like speech and memory，are located in very specific regions of the brain，about the size of your
31、pinky.”Dr Matthew believes that brain stimulation could eventually be implemented for tasks like learning to drive，exam preparation and language learning.“What our system does is it actually targets those changes to specific regions of the brain as you learn，” he added.“The method itself is actually
32、 quite old.In fact，the ancient Egyptians 4,000 years ago used electric fish to stimulate and reduce pain.Even Ben Franklin applied currents to his head，but the rigorous，scientific investigation of these methods started in the early 2000s and were building on that research to target and personalize a
33、 stimulation in the most effective way possible.What we found is brain stimulation seems to be particularly effective at actually improving learning.” ” 語篇解讀語篇解讀美國休斯研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員已經(jīng)研發(fā)出一種幫助人腦快美國休斯研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員已經(jīng)研發(fā)出一種幫助人腦快速學(xué)習(xí)的系統(tǒng)，他們聲稱該系統(tǒng)能夠直接將新技能和新知識(shí)上傳到你的速學(xué)習(xí)的系統(tǒng)，他們聲稱該系統(tǒng)能夠直接將新技能和新知識(shí)上傳到你的大腦。大腦。語篇解讀9.What can we k
34、now about “l(fā)ife imitating art”？A.Knowledge can be directly put into our brain.B.There is no need for people to learn new knowledge.C.A simulator can help people acquire what they want.D.Its just a kind of art that hasnt been explained yet.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知“l(fā)ife imitating art”是
35、借是借助一種模擬器在短時(shí)間內(nèi)教會(huì)人類新技能的方法。故選助一種模擬器在短時(shí)間內(nèi)教會(huì)人類新技能的方法。故選C。答案解析1011910.Which of the following about the system studied is FALSE according to Dr Matthew?A.Its nothing but a system related to brain stimulation.B.Its based on enough scientific foundation.C.It expects to be fully used in all walks of life.D.I
36、t focuses on the changes to certain regions of brain.解析解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Dr Matthew believes that brain stimulation could eventually be implemented for tasks like learning to drive，exam preparation and language learning.”可知可知C為正確答案。為正確答案。 答案解析1011911.Whats the purpose of writing the passa
37、ge?A.To introduce the technology used in a classic film.B.To illustrate a new study connected with human brain.C.To show how to train pilot effectively.D.To study the peoples physical response to outer changes.解析解析寫作目的題。文章主要闡述了一項(xiàng)對(duì)開發(fā)人類大腦的刺激系統(tǒng)的研寫作目的題。文章主要闡述了一項(xiàng)對(duì)開發(fā)人類大腦的刺激系統(tǒng)的研究成果。故選究成果。故選B。答案解析10119D(201
38、7貴州遵義航天高級(jí)中學(xué)四模貴州遵義航天高級(jí)中學(xué)四模)Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity.After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking.Besides，if we dream，the thinking abilities are improved even more.Researchers consider that sleeping on a prob
39、lem in most cases leads to elucidation(解釋解釋).They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep，it increases the effect.Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects.In the study，led b
40、y Professor Sara Mednick，scientists made a conclusion that the REM was “important for assimilating(消化消化) new information into past experience” in order to find solutions to creative problems.Prof.Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California.Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults.E
41、ach participant was given several word-associated creative tasks.All tasks were given in the morning，with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words，for example：cookie，heart and sixteen.They were asked to come up with a word that would be associated with all three given termslike sweet.S
42、ometime later，after some participants were allowed to sleep，they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones.It is worth mentioning that while some people slept，researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered. When given the same tasks，participants，who took
43、a nap，were able to give more varied solutions，some of which were much better than they gave earlier.But when given new tasks，researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compared to the performance they showed in the morning.語篇解讀語篇解讀研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠能提升人的創(chuàng)造性。如果在睡覺時(shí)做夢(mèng)，人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)
44、睡眠能提升人的創(chuàng)造性。如果在睡覺時(shí)做夢(mèng)，人的思維能力會(huì)得到更大提升。思維能力會(huì)得到更大提升。語篇解讀12.What does “it” refer to in the second paragraph?A.The effect. B.REM.C.Sleep. D.A problem.解析解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的“They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep”可知可知it指代指代REM。故選故選B。答案解析1314121513.Why do
45、the researchers study the REM?A.Because REM takes place just after you sleep.B.Because REM can store more information.C.Because REM can help find creative solutions.D.Because REM can make a creative invention.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“scientists made a conclusion that the REM was important for
46、assimilating(消化消化) new information into past experience in order to find solutions to creative problems”可知答可知答案為案為C。答案解析1314121514.What can we know from this passage?A.Taking a short nap is good for your thinking during the day.B.Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity.C.Each adult
47、 was allowed to sleep after the task was given.D.REM is a process taking place right after we awake when we nap.解析解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“When given the same tasks，participants，who took a nap，were able to give more varied solutions，some of which were much better than they gave earlier.”可知小睡一會(huì)
48、會(huì)可知小睡一會(huì)會(huì)讓人有更好的表現(xiàn)。故選讓人有更好的表現(xiàn)。故選A。答案解析1314121515.The important stage in the study is .A.to think of a creative wordB.to show a group of 3 wordsC.to give participants time to thinkD.to let some participants sleep for a while解析解析推理判斷題。由最后兩段可知這次研究的過程為：先讓測試者進(jìn)行推理判斷題。由最后兩段可知這次研究的過程為：先讓測試者進(jìn)行測試，然后讓其中一些測試者睡一會(huì)兒
49、測試，然后讓其中一些測試者睡一會(huì)兒, ,之后再進(jìn)行測試之后再進(jìn)行測試, ,從而對(duì)比兩次從而對(duì)比兩次測試的結(jié)果。由此可推斷讓一些測試者睡一會(huì)兒是本次研究的關(guān)鍵。故選測試的結(jié)果。由此可推斷讓一些測試者睡一會(huì)兒是本次研究的關(guān)鍵。故選D。答案解析13141215.單詞梳理單詞梳理1.He aims to be a (success) writer.2.A good cry would (probable) make you feel better.3.Fresh air is (benefit) to our health.4.The city is famous for its (vary) bri
50、dges.5.London was (difference) from most European capitals.6.Please put the (receive) back after calling.successfulprobablybeneficialvariousdifferentreceiver以上語篇訓(xùn)練之素材提煉再拓展素材提煉再拓展7.Todays weather is an (improve) on yesterdays.8.He is (physical) unfit for this kind of work. 9. (create) is the key to a
51、 brighter future.10.She can find no (solve) to her financial problems.improvementphysicallyCreativitysolution_ _ 看；考慮；著眼于看；考慮；著眼于最后是；結(jié)果是最后是；結(jié)果是為為做準(zhǔn)備做準(zhǔn)備按照；在按照；在方面方面lead torelate tokeep sb.from (doing) pare.to.短語提煉短語提煉A.英漢互譯英漢互譯1.look at2.turn out 3.prepare for 4.in terms of 5.導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致 6.與與有關(guān)有關(guān) 7.阻止某人阻止某人
52、(做做)某事某事 8.把把比作；與比作；與相比相比 B.運(yùn)用上述短語完成下列句子運(yùn)用上述短語完成下列句子1.Too much work and too little rest can illness. 2.The film to be a great success.3.All these questions philosophy.4.You must the dog entering our classroom.5.Teachers often burning candles.6.These children their new teacher in curiosity.7.This pro
53、duct has strong competition in the market price.8.Father says I may enter a university，so I think I will the entrance examination.lead toturned outrelate tokeepfromarecompared tolooked atin terms ofprepare for.翻譯與仿寫翻譯與仿寫1.Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲觀者悲觀者) have susp
54、ected all along.句式分析句式分析句中的句中的“what pessimists(悲觀者悲觀者) have suspected all along”為為what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作confirms的賓語。的賓語。翻譯翻譯_仿寫仿寫我想知道他是做什么工作的。我想知道他是做什么工作的。I wonder . 現(xiàn)在一本書已經(jīng)出版，證實(shí)了悲觀主義者一直懷疑的東西?，F(xiàn)在一本書已經(jīng)出版，證實(shí)了悲觀主義者一直懷疑的東西。what he does2.All tasks were given in the morning，with participants being shown a
55、number of groups of 3 words，for example：cookie，heart and sixteen.句式分析句式分析句中的句中的“with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words”為介詞為介詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。翻譯翻譯_仿寫仿寫那男孩躺在草地上，眼睛望著天空。那男孩躺在草地上，眼睛望著天空。The boy lay on the grass . 所有任務(wù)都是在早上布置的，展示給參與者許多組單詞，每組所有任務(wù)都是在早上布置的，展示給參與者許多組單詞，每組三個(gè)字，例如：餅干、心臟和三個(gè)字，例如：餅干、心臟和16。 with his eyes fixed on the sky
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題一 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 題組練習(xí) 2 科普知識(shí)課件
