外研版七年級下冊英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)

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1、word 語法知識點 1. 詞類：物主代詞、情態(tài)動詞can和方位介詞短語 2. 時態(tài)：一般將來時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài) 3. 句型：特殊疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句和選擇疑問句 下冊重要知識點梳理 詞類 1) 物主代詞：表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞〔…屬于誰的〕 人稱 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 形容性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 第一人稱 my mine our ours 第二人稱 your yours your yours 第三人稱 his his their Theirs he

2、r hers its its 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系： 形容詞性物主代詞：必須和名詞在一起。My father, your teacher... 物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞:相當(dāng)于與之相對應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。 This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 練習(xí) 〔1〕選擇題。 〔 〕1. Look at ?????????. A. him B. he C. his 〔 〕2. I drive ?

3、????????to the park every day. A. they B. their C. them 〔 〕3. ?????????classroom is big. A. we B. us C. Our 〔 〕4. I love ??????. A. she B. her C. hers 〔 〕5. Do you know ????????? A. I?? B. my C. me 〔 〕6. I am ????????son. A. they B. their C. them 〔 〕7. This is not

4、 _____ desk.. My desk is over there. A. I?? B. my C. me 〔 〕8. －Can you spell _____ name, Harry? －Sorry. A. you?? B. your C. yours 〔 〕9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room. A. they?? B. them C. their 〔 〕10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice. A. our??

5、 B. my C. ours 〔 〕11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. I’m _____ student. A. he B. his C. him 〔 〕12. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi. A. It?? B. It’s C. Its 〔2〕用括號里的代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1,Mr Yang is _______(we) teacher.________(him) is from Beijing. _______(his)teaches______(our) English. 2

6、,Look,there is a cat._______(they) is Lily's.____(it) name is Mimi. 3,Let______(I) tell ______(she) about_____(he) life at school. 4,This is ______(they) room.Where is _____(our)? 5,Don't use the eraser.______ is ______(me). 6,The lady under the tree is ______(me) aunt._____(her) often sings wit

7、h _____(she) husband 2) 情態(tài)動詞can 1.含義：表達人或物的能力，能或會… 2.特點：情態(tài)動詞can沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，之后要加動詞原形。 3.否認(rèn)形式：cannot(正式用法)＝can’t(口語) 4.句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句： 主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well. 否認(rèn)句： 主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + not + 動詞原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well. 一般

8、疑問句： 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他 + ？ Can she / they swim well? Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t. 特殊疑問句： 疑問詞 + 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他 + ? Why can she / they swim well? Who can swim well? 練習(xí)： ( ) 1) The sign on the wall

9、means you stay away from the building. A. must B. can’t C. shouldn't ( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should ( )3) --- you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t. A. Can B. Can’t C. Should 4.???I can run fast. I

10、 ________ ________ fast. (否認(rèn)句) 5.??? He can play basketball well. 〔一般疑問句〕 _______ he ______ basketball well? 3) 介詞 over behind/at the back of 在...后面 正上方 on on the right of... 在右邊 on the left of...

11、在左邊 next to/near在……附近，緊挨著 in the front of 在……里面的前面 under ...在...正下方 in front of...在...前面 between ...and ...在兩者之間 Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之間 among 在三者或三者以上之間

12、 注意：介詞短語常和be動詞連用。 時態(tài) 1) 一般將來時 時間狀語：in+一段時間；tomorrow；in the future; next+時間；this+時間〔表示將來時間的狀語〕 ﹙Ⅰ﹚ be〔is,am.are〕 going to 的用法。 含義：計劃，打算做某事 將來時句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 一般將來時 be going to+動詞原形 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be going to +動詞原形+其他. 否認(rèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be not going to +動詞原形+其他. 一般疑問句：be動詞提前 Be +主語+going to +動詞原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Ye

13、s，主語+be. 否認(rèn)回答：No，主語+be not. 注意：①表示計劃到某地去，謂語動詞go與going重復(fù)，一般只說be going to +地點. ②e/go/arrive/leave等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞可用于現(xiàn)在進展表將來。 Eg: I am going to London next year. She is going to check her email. Look! The bus is ing. ﹙Ⅱ﹚由shall和will引導(dǎo)的一般將來時 含義：將會… 特點：助動詞shall和will沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，之后要加動詞原形。 shall在一般將來時中，

14、一般用于第一人稱之后。 例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我們將有一節(jié)英語課。 否認(rèn)形式：shall not＝shan′t will not＝won′t 將來時句型結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句：主語+shall/will+do 否認(rèn)句：主語+shall/will+not+do〔will not 可縮寫成won’t〕 一般疑問句：shall/will+主語+ do 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ shall/will+主語+do 2) 一般過去時 1． 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)

15、?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。 2． 標(biāo)志性時間狀語：yesterday〔昨天〕, last week〔上周〕, last month〔上個月〕, last year〔去年〕, two months ago〔兩個月前〕, the day before yesterday〔前天〕，in 1990 (在1990年), in those days 〔在那些日子里〕等表示過去的時間狀語連用。 3． 動詞結(jié)構(gòu)：V-ed 動詞過去式變化規(guī)如此： 1．一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3．末尾是輔音字母加一個元音字

16、母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“輔音字母+y〞結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5．不規(guī)如此動詞過去式： 12 / 12 lose(丟失)?----lost ?make(制造)?----made ? mean(意思)?----meant meet(見)?----met ?pay(付)?----paid say(說)?----said sell(賣)?----sold? send(送)----sent??

17、sit(坐)?----sat sleep(睡)?----slept? smell(嗅)?----smelt spell(拼寫)?----spelt?? spend(度過)?----spent stand(站)?----stood? ? teach(教)?----taught?? tell(告訴)?----told?????? win(贏)?----won think(想)?----thought????? ?understand(理解)?----understood begin(開始)?----began ? blow(吹)?--

18、--blew break(打破)?----broke ?? choose(選擇)?----chose? do(做)?----did?? ? draw(畫)?----drew? drink(喝)?----drank?? drive(駕駛)?----drove eat(吃)?----ate ?? fall(落下)?----fell fly(飛)?----flew?? forget(忘)?----forgot? give(給)?----gave? go(去)?----went ??? gr

19、ow(成長)?----grew know(知道)?----knew lie(躺)?----lay----lain? ring(按鈴)?----rang???????? ?write(寫)?----wrote ? ride(騎)?----rode see(看見)----saw ?show(出示)?----showed?????????????? wake(弄醒)?----woke sing(唱)?----sang ? speak(講話)?----spoke? steal(偷)?----stole??????????????

20、????? wear(穿)?----wore swim(泳)?----swam ? take(拿)?----took?? throw(扔)?----threw? bee(成為)?----became ? e(來)?----came ? run(跑)?----ran? 4. 句式變化規(guī)如此： Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化： 〔1〕am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as?！瞱as not=wasn't〕 〔2〕are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere?！瞱ere not=weren't〕 〔3〕帶有was或were的句子，其否認(rèn)、疑問的

21、變化和is, am, are一樣，即否認(rèn)句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子 否認(rèn)句：didn't +動詞原形，如：Jim went home yesterday. Jim didn't go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。 如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Jim went home yesterday.

22、 Did Jim go home yesterday? What did Jim do yesterday? 練習(xí)： 一、 填空 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a piic with my friends. I ________ have a piic with my friends. 2. 下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________

23、next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. Nancy is going to go camping.〔改否認(rèn)〕 Nancy ________ going to go camping. 4. I’ll go and join them.〔改否認(rèn)〕 I _______ go ______ join them. 5. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tom

24、orrow.〔改一般疑問句〕 ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.〔改一般疑問句〕 _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 二、 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Tom _______ (visit) a farm last week.2. The twins _______ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday mor

25、ning. 3. I _______ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday.4. My father _______ (be) in London last year.5. What_______ (do) you do three days ago?6. _______ (be) there any parks here in 1950?7. What_________(do) you do just now? I?__________?(wash) my clothes. 三、 改寫句子1. We are all happy.(改成一般過

26、去時) We _____ all happy.2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week)? ?_______________________________________________________ 3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)? _______________________________________________________________四、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.Tod

27、ay is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a piic this afternoon. 2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 3. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _____

28、_____ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 5. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? ——She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 6. What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. ——What ______________ (d

29、o) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now. 句型 1) 特殊疑問句。 含義：以特殊疑問詞開頭的疑問句。 特殊疑問詞總結(jié)： ① what 什么〔職業(yè)，等〕 what day 星期幾 What day i

30、s it today? what size 多大尺碼 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什么時間 what colour 什么顏色 what size 多大號 ②when 什么時候 〔就時間提問〕 where 什么地方〔就地點提問〕 who 誰〔問人的身份，等〕 which 哪一個 why 為什么〔就原因提問，常用because回答〕 how 怎么樣 how many多少〔提問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量〕How many books do you have ? 多少〔提問不可數(shù)名

31、詞數(shù)量〕How much water is there in the glass? How much 多少錢〔提問價格〕 How old 幾歲〔提問年齡〕 多長〔提問長度〕How long is this ruler? How long 這把尺子有多長？ 多長時間〔時間持續(xù)多久〕How long do you go to school ? 你去學(xué)校要多長時間？ How often 多久〔提問頻率既單位時間發(fā)生多少

32、次〕 How soon 〔還要多久時間才能開始或完畢〕How soon will he e back ? How far 〔提問距離有多遠(yuǎn)〕 他多久才能回來？ How heavy 〔提問有多重〕 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句 ？ Eg :Why do you like watching TV ? 練習(xí)： 就劃線局部提問。 1．He often has lunch in the factory． ?? he often ?lunch？ 2．They will e back in a month． ??wi

33、ll they e back？ 3．He hurt his leg last Sunday． ??he hurt his leg ？ 4．I got up at six this morning ． ???you ?up this morning ？ 5．They were drawing a horse when I came in． ??they ?when I came in ？ 6．I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold． ??you go to school？ 7．You'd better ta

34、ke the No．3 bus． ??bus ?I better take？ 8．He's feeling well． ??he feeling ？ 9．The girl in a red coat is my sister． ??is your sister？ 10．He es to China once a year． ???he ?to China？ 11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (對括號局部提問) _____________________________________________

35、____? 12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改為特殊疑問句 ) __________________________________________________? 13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 對括號局部提問 ) __________________________________________________? 14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 對括號局部提問 ) _______

36、________ can you dial to call the police 15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改為特殊疑問句 ) _____ ______ Ted _____ in the desk? 16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (對括號局部提問) _________________________________________________? 17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (對括號局部提問) _____ _____ Diogen

37、es ______ _______? 18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (對括號局部提問) _______ _______ the way to _______ _______? 2) 祈使句 祈使句指的是表示命令、請求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調(diào)。 1. 肯定的祈使句 〔1〕動詞原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請起立。 〔2〕Be + adj.

38、 Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當(dāng)心！ 〔3〕Let's + 動詞原形 Let’s go to school together. 咱們一起上學(xué)去吧。 2. 否認(rèn)的祈使句：有be動詞直接加not,沒有加don’t 3) 感嘆句 由"what"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語 ！. What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What g

39、ood children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！ 由"how"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：How+adj.〔adv.〕+主語+謂語 ！. How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ 練習(xí) 1. _______ fast the boy ran! A. How????? ? B. How an C. What??????? ?D. What an 2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How

40、, how????????????????B. What, what C. How, what???????????????D. What, how 3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more. A. How????? ?B. How an C. What??????? D. What an 4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How????? ?B. How an C. What?????? ?D

41、. What an 5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How??????B. How an C. What???????D. What an 4) 選擇疑問句 選擇疑問句是指提供兩種或多種情況供對方選擇的疑問句，選項之間要用連詞or連接。 注意：or連接的是兩種同類的事物，且回答不能用yes或no。 Are you a doctor or a teacher？ 你是醫(yī)生還是教師？ ——I’m a teacher. Which would you like， tea or coffee？ 你想要哪樣，是茶還是咖啡？ ——I’d like some tea.