裕興新概念英語第二冊(cè)筆記 第28課

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1、word Lesson 28 No parking禁止停車 What is Jasper White's problem? Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he

2、always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the

3、 ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet! 參考譯文 賈斯珀.懷特是少有的相信古代神話的人之一。他剛在城里買下一所新房子，但自從搬進(jìn)去后，就和汽車與車主們發(fā)生了磨擦。當(dāng)他夜里回到家時(shí)，總是發(fā)現(xiàn)有人把車停在他

4、家大門外。為此，他甚至一次也沒能把自己的車開進(jìn)車庫。賈斯珀曾把幾塊“禁止停車〞的牌子掛在大門外邊，但沒有任何效果?，F(xiàn)在他把一個(gè)丑陋的石雕頭像放在了大門上邊，這是我見過的最丑陋的頭像之一。我問他那是什么？他告訴我那是蛇發(fā)女怪美杜莎。賈斯珀希望她把汽車和車主們都變成石頭。但到目前為止還沒有一個(gè)變成石頭呢！ 【New words and expressions】〔7〕 1 rare[re?] a.罕見的 2 ancient ['ein??nt] a.古代的，古老的 3 myth [miθ] n.神話故事 4 trouble ['tr?b?l] n.麻煩 5 effect [i'fekt]

5、 n.結(jié)果，效果 6 Medusa [mi'dju:z?] n.美杜莎(古希臘神話中3位蛇發(fā)女怪之一) 7 Gorgon ['g?:g?n] n.(古希臘神話中的)3位蛇發(fā)女怪之一 一．單詞講解： rare 1) adj.?稀有的，罕見的，不尋常的〔rarer, rarest〕 not often happening or seen, unusual eg. He is a rare person.?他是個(gè)少見的人。 a rare book?珍本 a rare plant?珍稀植物 a rare butterfly?一只罕見的蝴蝶 a rare visitor?稀客 a

6、 rare edition?珍藏本 It is rare + for (sb) + to do sth?某人很少做某事 eg. It is rare for him to be absent.?他很少缺席。 2) adj.?〔氣體等〕稀薄的，稀疏的?thin the rare air of the mountains?山里的稀薄空氣 3〕adj.?半熟的，煮得嫩的 I’d like my steak rare, please.?我要的牛排要三、四分熟。 half-done?半熟 ? well-done?全熟 rarity ?['re?r?ti:] n. [c]?珍品，奇事?[

7、u]?稀有 rareness ?n. [u] (空氣等)稀薄，稀有 rarely adv.?不常〔否認(rèn)含義〕?not often, seldom I rarely eat in restaurants. I often cook myself.? 我很少到飯店里吃。我一般都是自己做。 ancient adj.?古代的，古老的 old adj.?老的，舊的，先前的 an old lady?一個(gè)老太太 an old church?一個(gè)古老的教堂 an old friend?老朋友 my old job?我以前的工作 senior ['si:nj?] adj.?較年長的，資深的

8、 junior ['d?u:nj?] adj.年少的, 較年幼的；資歷較淺的, 地位較低的 senior citizen?老人，退休的人 the senior partner?大股東 aged adj.?〔正式〕年老的，體衰的〔人〕 an aged gentleman?一位老人 ancient adj.?〔僅物〕遠(yuǎn)古的，古代的 an ancient civilization?古代文明 an ancient history?古代歷史 antique ?[?n'ti:k] adj.?〔僅物〕古舊的，珍貴的 antique furniture?古董家具 an antique c

9、oin?古錢幣 myth n.?神話 尤指與某一民族早期歷史或信仰有關(guān)，或解釋自然現(xiàn)象的故事。 the Greek myths?希臘神話 the Roman myths?羅馬神話 legend ?['led??nd]? n.?傳奇，傳說 Legend in the Fall 《秋天的傳說》 story n.?故事? / tale novel?小說?? folk-tale? [‘f?ukteil] 民間傳說?? fable n.?寓言?? Aesop’s ['i:s?p] Fables?伊索寓言 mystery ['mist?ri] n.?神秘的事物，謎，秘密 the

10、mysteries of nature?神秘感 an air of mystery?神秘的氣氛 mythical ['m?θ?k?l]? adj.?神話的，神話式的，虛構(gòu)的 mythical heroes?神話中的英雄 trouble 1) n.?麻煩 have trouble with sb / sth ?與…有摩擦 eg. Yesterday I had some trouble with a traffic policeman.? 昨天我和一個(gè)交警有點(diǎn)摩擦。 eg. Jasper White had trouble with cars and their owners.

11、 ?? 賈斯伯懷特和一些車以與車主有點(diǎn)摩擦。 eg. Thank you for your trouble.?謝謝你費(fèi)神。 eg. No trouble at all.?哪兒的話，不麻煩。 2) n.?困難，苦惱，苦惱的原因，麻煩的人 eg. What’s the trouble??怎么了？ family troubles?家庭糾紛? political troubles?政治糾紛 eg. Her heart was full of troubles.?她非?？鄲?。 have trouble in doing sth?做某事有困難，有麻煩 have some trouble

12、 in doing sth?做某事有一定的難度 have great trouble in doing sth?做某事有很大的難度 have a little trouble in doing sth?做某事有一點(diǎn)困難 〔原講課內(nèi)容為：have little trouble in doing sth 有誤，現(xiàn)已改正〕 have no trouble in doing sth?做某事沒有困難 have difficulty in doing sth eg. With my help, you won’t have trouble in driving.? 有我?guī)椭?，你開車不會(huì)有困難

13、的。 ask for trouble?自討苦吃??look for trouble be in trouble?有麻煩 make trouble?惹麻煩 The trouble is …?糟糕的是，問題在于…… 3) v.?使某人苦惱，麻煩，煩勞 eg. That student sometimes troubles the teacher with hard questions. 那個(gè)學(xué)生有時(shí)會(huì)用一些很難的問題麻煩教師。 eg. She was troubled by the news of her mother’s illness. 她對(duì)媽媽生病的事感到很苦惱。 eg.

14、 Sorry to trouble you.?不好意思，打擾你了。 trouble about?為某人擔(dān)心??trouble over eg. Don’t trouble about that.?別為那件事?lián)摹? trouble to do sth?特意做某事 eg. Don’t trouble to see me off at the station.?你不用特意去車站送我了。 troubled adj.?混亂的 eg. Fish in troubled water?趁火打劫，渾水摸魚 繞口令：Don’t trouble troubles until trouble troub

15、les you.? ??????? 直到麻煩來惹你之前，不要去惹麻煩。 effect? [i'fekt] 1) n.?效果，效應(yīng)，影響 have effect on sb / sth?對(duì)某人/某事產(chǎn)生影響 eg. Did the medicine have any effect on patients??這藥對(duì)病人有效果嗎？ eg. The teacher’s words had a great effect on him.?教師的話對(duì)他產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。 2〕?n.?結(jié)果 cause?原因 cause and effect?因果 eg. His stomachache is

16、 an effect of overeating.?他胃疼是吃多了的結(jié)果。 stomachache [‘st?m?k,e?k] 胃痛;腹痛 personal effects?私人財(cái)產(chǎn)，隨身攜帶的物品 put sth into effect?使某物產(chǎn)生效果?bring sth into effect in effect?實(shí)際上 eg. The vice-president is, in effect, the leader of the pany.? 實(shí)際上，副總裁是公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 affect [?'fekt]? v.?對(duì)…影響，發(fā)生作用 affect sb?影響某人?affec

17、t sth?影響某事 eg. Their opinion will not affect my decision.?他們的觀點(diǎn)不會(huì)影響我的決定。 eg. The ‘No Parking’ sign didn’t affect those drivers. 禁止停車的標(biāo)志并沒有影響到那些司機(jī)。 eg. The possible gossip of the others couldn’t affect her.? 別人的流言蜚語不會(huì)影響到她。 eg. Smoking affects health.?吸煙影響健康。 affect v.?假裝 affect sickness?假裝生病

18、 affect indifference?假裝不關(guān)心 eg. She affects not to hear me.?她假裝沒聽到我。 Medusa, Gorgon Gorgon是希臘神話傳說中的蛇發(fā)女怪，其中之一的Medusa原本是一位有著一頭美麗頭發(fā)的美少女，深得天神宙斯的兄弟海神的寵愛，但卻因此遭到海神正妃的嫉妒，被變成一位有著一頭蛇發(fā)、豬牙般的牙齒、青銅色的手臂以與可飛行的黃金翅膀的丑陋少女，所有的人只要看她一眼就會(huì)嚇得立刻變成石頭。 古希臘人將Medusa的頭像繪制在盤子上，以達(dá)到趨吉避兇的效果。國際著名的意大利時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)大師X思哲以他自己的名字命名了他的服裝品牌，而他的品

19、牌標(biāo)志就是Medusa，代表著致命的吸引力。 二、Key structures 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過去分詞，表示過去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在影響。 仔細(xì)閱讀如下句子，注意與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組： I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.?我剛收到我弟弟蒂姆的來信。 just?剛剛 I have not seen Tim since last January.?自從去年一月我就沒再見過蒂姆。 since+某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) I have not seen Tim for three y

20、ears.?我已經(jīng)三年沒有見過蒂姆了。 for+一段時(shí)間 Up till now he has won five prizes.?到現(xiàn)在為止他已經(jīng)贏得五項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)了。 up till now?到現(xiàn)在為止 I have been to?New York?three times so far.?迄今為止我已經(jīng)去過紐約三次了。 so far?到現(xiàn)在為止 Have you seen this film??你看過這部電影嗎？ 通常搭配的adv.與短語有： just; already; ever; never; recently; lately; yet; so far; for six mo

21、nths 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以它可以和包括“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻〞在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用。如： now; today; this week; this month; this year The rain has stopped now.?雨終于停了。 now?相當(dāng)于at last I have lived here for five years now.?到現(xiàn)在為止我住在這兒已經(jīng)五年了。 now?相當(dāng)于so far Have you seen John today??今天你見過約翰嗎？ today相當(dāng)于到現(xiàn)在為止 It has rained every day this wee

22、k.?這星期每天都下雨。 3.have been與have gone含義不同。 I have been to the library.?我去過圖書館。 He has gone to the library.?他去圖書館了。 4.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)中，但不能加一段時(shí)間。但是，在否認(rèn)句中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)并加一段時(shí)間。因?yàn)椤胺裾J(rèn)〞本身是可以延續(xù)的。 I have bought a car.?我買了一輛車。 I have had the car for 3 weeks.?我買這輛車已經(jīng)3周了。 I haven’t bought anything for three m

23、onths.?我已經(jīng)三個(gè)月沒有買任何東西了。 I haven’t touched beer for a whole week.?我已經(jīng)一周沒沾過啤酒了。 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有時(shí)帶有感情色彩。 What have you done !?你干了些什么！ Now you have done!?這下你可闖禍了！ 定語從句 一、在主從復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)主句某一成分〔主語，賓語，表語，狀語〕的定語的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)叫定語從句。 二、定語從句一般是由關(guān)系代詞〔who, that, which, whose, whom〕或關(guān)系副詞〔when, where, why〕引導(dǎo)的。 Do you know the

24、 man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)今早來找小楊的人嗎？ At the time when I saw him, he was well.?我看見他的時(shí)候，他很好。 三、定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。 1.?限定性定語從句修飾的詞代表一個(gè)或一類特定的人或東西，如果拿掉了定語從句，剩下的局部就會(huì)失去意義，不能成立或意思不清或不能說明問題。 Those who want to go please sign their names here.?那些想去的人請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里簽名。 The letter that I r

25、eceived from him yesterday is very important. 昨天我收到的那封他寄來的信非常重要。 The students who went to see the film were very disappointed. 那些去看了電影的學(xué)生非常失望。 2.非限定性定語從句，只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步說明，拿掉之后其他局部仍可成立。 She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well. 她非常喜歡說法語，而且她說得非常好。 I have many friends, some

26、 of whom are painters. 我有許多朋友，其中一些是畫家。 非限定性定語從句通常用逗號(hào)隔開。 3.限定性定語從句 1〕如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系代詞who或用that，作主語時(shí)用who較多，且不可省略，如果這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，用賓格whom或that，在口語中可用who代替，但在大多數(shù)情況下都可以省略。 The people _____ you were talking to were Swedes.??(who/that/whom/空)賓語 He is a man _____ you can safely depend on. (who/that/whom/

27、空)賓語 Here is the man _____ you’ve been looking for. (who/that/whom/空)賓語 2〕在表示“…的〞這個(gè)所有關(guān)系的時(shí)候，可以用它的所有格whose。 Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast? 你們班有家在東北的人嗎？ 3〕限定性定語從句如果修飾“物〞，用關(guān)系代詞that或which〔但在從句中做主語時(shí)不可省略〕。 The parcel that/which came just now was for Tom.?剛剛到的包裹是給湯姆的。

28、 The train that/which has just left is for?Xi’an.?剛開走的火車是去某某的。 當(dāng)這個(gè)代詞在從句中做賓語時(shí)，大多數(shù)情況下可省略，尤其在口語中。 Is there anything you need??有你需要的東西嗎？ Anything I can do for you?　我能為你做些什么？ ４〕在介詞后只能用which。 The tool with which he is working is called a wrench. /the tool that he is working with is called a wrench.

29、 他用來工作的工具叫做扳手。 5〕當(dāng)限定性定語從句修飾一個(gè)時(shí)間的時(shí)候，常用關(guān)系副詞when來引導(dǎo)定語從句，在很多情況下還可以不用或用that來表達(dá)。 There are moments when I forget all about it.?總有一天我會(huì)忘了的。 e any time that you like.?你喜歡的話隨時(shí)都可以來。 She made me feel at home the moment I arrived. 我一到她就讓我感覺好似到了自己家一樣。 6〕限定性定語從句在修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞前，用關(guān)系副詞where，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成分。 I know a pl

30、ace where we can swim.?我知道一個(gè)可以游泳的地方。 Is there a shop around where we can get fruit??附近有沒有能買水果的商店？ 7〕在reason后的的定語從句可由why來引導(dǎo)，也可常省略。 This is the reason (why) I did it.?這就是我為什么做這件事的原因。 8〕在way后也可跟定語從句，不需要關(guān)系代詞或副詞。 That’s the way I look at it.?那就是我看它的方式。 That was the way she looked after us.?那就是她照顧我們

31、的方式。 Exercise 1:?用正確的動(dòng)詞填空 1. Up till now we _____ (plant) over 24,000 fruit trees.? (have planted) 到目前為出我們己經(jīng)種了24000棵果樹了。 2. I ___ just ___ (receive) an invitation to the party.? (have, received) 我剛剛收到一份去晚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。 3. So far we _____ (discuss) the first five chapters.? (have discussed) 到現(xiàn)在為止我們已經(jīng)

32、討論了前五章。 4. I _____ (not hear) much of him recently.? (haven’t heard) 我最近沒聽到多少關(guān)于他的消息。 5. _____ you ever _____ (see) each other before?? (Have, seen) 你們兩個(gè)以前見過面嗎？ Exercise 2:?在需要的地方填上who，which，whose，that，when，where或why。 1. The only games _____ I play are football and tennis.?(that/which)? 2.

33、That’s the way _____ I look at it.????(that/in which)? 3. He is the?only?student _____ understands English well.??(that/who) 4. He is a writer _____ books are seldom read.??(whose) 5. This is the hotel?at?_____ we are staying.???(which)? 6. This is the hour _____ the place is full of children.

34、??(when)? 7. Let’s think of a situation _____ this idiom can be used.?(where) 8. That’s the horse _____ won the race.?(that/which) 9. This is the reason _____ I did it.??(why) 10. Is she the girl _____ sells flowers??(that/who)? 三、課文講解 Text ?Jasper White is one of those?rare?people who belie

35、ves in ancient myths. 定語從句修飾Jasper White believe in?信仰，信奉 She believes in ancient myths.?她相信古代神話。 I believe in God.?我信奉上帝。 I believe in Jesus ['d?i:z?s].?我信耶穌。 /I believe in Jesus Christ [kraist]. believe?相信 I believe you forever.?我永遠(yuǎn)相信你。 I don’t believe this story.?我不相信這個(gè)故事 One of+ n.?復(fù)數(shù)

36、 One of my friends?我的一個(gè)朋友 He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 have trouble with sb/sth與…產(chǎn)生摩擦 When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.Be

37、cause of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. because of +n. / pron. /doing由于 because+?從句 Because it was raining, I had to stay at home. /Because of the rain, I had to stay at home. even once?甚至一次〔否認(rèn)句中〕 Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate

38、, but these have not had any effect. put up?X貼；搭起 put up a notice?X貼通知 put up a tent?搭起帳篷 have not had any effect/have had no effect?沒有任何效果〔現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)〕 Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. This is the best film I have ever seen.?這是我所看過的

39、最好看的電影。 He is the noisiest person I have ever met.?他是我所見過的最吵鬧的人。 It is the most expensive car I have ever driven.?這是我所開過的最貴的車。 This is the worst photo I have ever taken.?這是我所拍過的最難看的照片。 What a pretty girl! I have never met such a pretty girl before! 多漂亮的女孩??！我以前從沒見過這么漂亮的女孩 What a good meal! I ha

40、ve never had such a good meal before! 多好吃的一頓飯??！我從來沒吃過這么好吃的飯。 What a silly story! I have never read such a silly story before! 多傻的故事??！我從來沒有聽過這么傻的故事。 What bad luck! I have never had such bad luck before! 多糟糕的運(yùn)氣??！我從來都沒有這么壞的運(yùn)氣。 It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it

41、 was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. I asked him what it was?賓語從句 He told me that?賓語從句 Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. turn sth into/to sth?把…變成… The witch turned the prince into a fog.?女巫把王子變成了青蛙。 turn to?翻到 Please turn to page 20. turn to sb

42、?向某人求助，依賴 I turned to him for advice.?我向他求助意見。 But none of them has been turned to stone yet! none of?沒有 none of之后的名詞前一定要接the，this，my，your，等修飾限定成分。 None of the students could answer the question.?沒有學(xué)生能夠回答這個(gè)問題。 He did none of his task.?他沒有完成任務(wù)。 接名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常視為復(fù)數(shù)來使用，但作較正式的表達(dá)時(shí)，如此視為單數(shù)。 None of

43、 us have/has ever been abroad.?我們中沒有人出過國。 假如名詞為不可數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞如此視為單數(shù)形式來使用。 None of the money was paid to me.?一分錢都沒有付給我。 所接名詞假如為復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，指三者中間沒有任何一個(gè)。 neither of?指兩者中沒有一個(gè) none other than?不外是，就是 none the less?然而，盡管如此 四、練習(xí)Exercises 1. There is always a car outside his gate. _____ he can’t get his own ca

44、r into his garage. A. For this???B.Because???C. That’s why???D. Because of 分析： C. 那就是為什么，表示原因或理由，表示前面提到的事情是原因，而后面是結(jié)果： A. 這個(gè)搭配是錯(cuò)誤的，通常說for this reason; B. 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語從句，而題干前面是原因后面是結(jié)果： D. Because of也引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語，后面加名詞或名詞短語做賓語。 答案：C 2. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I’ve never seen

45、_____ . A. an ugly one???B. an ugliest one???C. the ugliest one???D. an uglier one 分析： A. B和C. 都與前面句子矛盾。D用比擬級(jí)表達(dá)了最高級(jí)的概念。 3._____ of them has been turned to stone. A. no one???B. not one???C. no???D. even one 沒有一個(gè)人被變成石頭。 分析： B. 最符合語法；A. 獨(dú)立作主語，后面不跟of短語： C. 不符合語法，應(yīng)該是none of them; D. 不符合題意。 答案：

46、B 4. Once out of the earth’s gravity, the astronaut is _____ by the problem of weightlessness. A. affected???B. effected???C. inclined???D. related 一旦脫離了地球的引力，宇航員就會(huì)受失重問題的影響。 分析： A. 影響；B. 多用做名詞，have an effect on表示“對(duì)……影響〞：作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“引起，產(chǎn)生〞 C. 傾斜，彎腰，點(diǎn)頭；D. 與…相關(guān)。 答案：A 六、補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容 諺語： 1. A rose by any name would smell as sweet. 人或物不在乎其叫什么，而在于其實(shí)質(zhì)；玫瑰花換一個(gè)名字仍然一樣香。 2. A stitch in time saves nine. 一出過失就采取行動(dòng)可省卻以后很多工作；小洞不補(bǔ)，大洞吃苦；即時(shí)一針省九針。 10 / 10