2020屆高考英語二輪復習 專題一 閱讀 第2講 推理判斷題練習

第2講 推理判斷題【真題達標組】A(2019北京卷， B)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a supersweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it？” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and toothfriendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's productCanCandy.As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.()1.How did Moore react to her dad's warning?AShe argued with him. BShe tried to find a way out.CShe paid no attention. DShe chose to consult dentists.()2.What is special about CanCandy?AIt is beneficial to dental health. BIt is free of sweeteners.CIt is sweeter than other candies. DIt is produced to a dentists' recipe.()3.What does Moore expect from her business?ATo earn more money. BTo help others find smiles.CTo make herself stand out. DTo beat other candy companies.()4.What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?AFame is a great thirst of the young. BA youth is to be regarded with respect.CPositive thinking and action result in success.DSuccess means getting personal desires satisfied.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了Alice Moore小時候堅定創(chuàng)業(yè)成立Alice candy并獲得成功的故事。1B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“But Moore was sick of missing . my parents can't say no to it？”可知，當父親提醒她糖果會傷害牙齒的時候，她希望制造出不會被父母禁止的糖果，故選B。2A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文第三段“she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria”可知，Cancandy對牙齒有益處。故選A。3B細節(jié)理解題。由第五段“She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.”可知她希望每一個孩子擁有清潔的牙齒的同時臉上有著燦爛的微笑，故選B。4C推理判斷題。從Moore的故事可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)問題解決問題的能力很積極迅速。因此，積極活躍的點子和實際行動可以帶來成功符合原文，故選C。B(2018全國卷，C)While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful.Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校園) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves (曲線) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素)Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“That is only evidence that traditions once existed，” he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said.“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，” said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice.Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.()5.Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are _.Afollowing the latest world trendBgetting international recognitionCworking harder than ever beforeDrelying on foreign architects()6.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?AIts hilly environment.BIts large size.CIts unique style.DIts diverse functions.()7.What made Wang's architectural design a success?AThe mixture of different shapes.BThe balance of East and West.CThe use of popular techniques.DThe harmony of old and new.()8.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?ASpread them to the world.BPreserve them at museums.CTeach them in universities.DRecreate them in practice.【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了中國建筑設計師王澍在其作品中融合中國傳統(tǒng)建筑文化，獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎普利茲克獎。這讓中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認可。5B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內容可知，王澍獲得2012年普利茲克獎，而普利茲克獎相當于建筑界的諾貝爾獎，他是第一個獲此獎的中國人，故推知中國建筑得到了國際認可。故B項正確。6C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段對CAA校園的描述可知，它的設計風格獨特，與大多數(shù)中國大學的校園很不同，許多游客對復雜的建筑空間和豐富的建筑類型感到吃驚，故C正確。7D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段1995年普利策獎的獲得者Tadao Ando的評語可知，王澍設計的成功之處是把中國傳統(tǒng)元素融入現(xiàn)代設計，并保持兩者的和諧，故D正確。8D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段和倒數(shù)第三段中“In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created”可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究要與實踐相結合，在實踐中進行再創(chuàng)造，否則就會是假的和空洞的，故D正確。C(2017全國卷， B )I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技藝)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something backhe with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.()9.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?APaul Newman wanted it.BThe studio powers didn't like his agent.CHe wasn't famous enough.DThe director recommended someone else.()10.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?AThey were of the same age.BThey worked in the same theater.CThey were both good actors.DThey had similar characteristics.()11.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.()12.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love of films.BTo remember a friend.CTo introduce a new movie.DTo share his acting experience.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者與Paul Newman之間的深厚友情。當制片人不想讓“我”參演電影時，Paul Newman站出來為“我”說話，兩人因此而建立了深厚的友誼。在此后的很多年里，兩人一直相互扶持，相互鼓勵，兩人的深厚友情維系了很多年。9C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“When the studio didn't want me for the film it wanted somebody as wellknown as Paul ”可知，作者當時還不是很有名。故選C項。10D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者與Paul之間有著相似的性格特征。故選D項。11A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段第一句話可知，盡管他們不經(jīng)常見面，但是正是那種信念讓他們聚在了一起。由此推斷劃線單詞指的是他們共同的信念，故選A項。12B目的意圖題。 文章開頭作者介紹了自己與著名演員Paul Newman相識的情景，后面敘述了兩人的交往和深厚的友誼。最后一段指出兩人的最后一面是在醫(yī)院。由此推斷出作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了紀念自己的一位朋友，故選B項。【模擬提能組】A(2019全國卷高考壓軸卷)Many children are interested in dinosaurs. If you have a child who loves dinosaurs, then here is some good news for you. There is an exhibition of dinosaurs at the Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum in Wembley, Albert AYou can plan a family road trip there. Give your child a surprise and you'll enjoy your time there as a family.Sitting just 19 kilometers west of Grande Prairie, the Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum was opened in 2015 and has collections that include fossils(化石) of sea animals, art works from different dinosaurs, a large family theater, as well as an outdoor discovery fossil walk, a large outdoor playground and the onsite DineOSaur restaurant. Experience the dinosaurs' world like never before as you watch dinosaurs coming alive in movies. Learn about how these animals lived and breathed.You can check out Dinosaurs Unearthed and all of the other exciting exhibitions at the Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum on the following days/ time periods：September 1stMay 31st：TuesdaySunday 10 : 00 a. m6 : 00 p. m.Closed on MondaysJune 1stAugust 31st：SaturdayMonday 10 : 00 a. m6 : 00 p. m.TuesdayFriday 10 : 00 a. m8 : 00 p. m.Admission (門票)：Adults: $14 eachSeniors (65)：$11 eachStudents (with ID) and children (517)：$7 eachChildren under 5 : freeFamily (2 adults and up to 4 children): $40If you want to see a National Geographic film or a fulllength film during your visit, it is an extra $2$4.For more information, please visit the museum's website at www. dinomuseum. ca.()1.What can people do at the Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum?AWatch a fulllength film for free.BLearn about dinosaurs' disappearance.CHave fun on a large outdoor playground.DBuy some souvenirs of sea animals' fossils.()2.If you want to go to the museum in October, what time should you try to avoid?AOn Tuesdays.BAfter 6 : 00 p. m.COn the weekend.DBefore 11 : 00 a. m.()3.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce a museum.BTo encourage family time.CTo advertise an exhibition.DTo tell readers about dinosaurs.【語篇解讀】這是一篇廣告類閱讀。這篇文章主要為人們推薦了適合全家人旅游的Philip J. Currie恐龍博物館。1C細節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第二段中“a large outdoor playground and the onsite DineOSaur restaurant.”可知在Philip J. Currie恐龍博物館，人們可以在一個大的戶外操場上玩得很開心，故選C。2B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“September 1stMay 31st: TuesdaySunday 10 : 00 a. m6 : 00 p. m”可知，十月份的每周二到每周日，下午六點關門，由此推斷出你應該盡量避免下午六點以后去，故選B。3C推理判斷題。第一段“There is an exhibition of dinosaurs at the Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum in Wembley, Albert AYou can plan a family road trip there. Give your child a surprise and you'll enjoy your time there as a family.”是全文的主題句。結合全文內容，可知這篇文章主要為人們推薦了適合全家人旅游的Philip J. Currie恐龍博物館，故選C。B(徐州市2019年高三模擬檢測，B)Health experts have known for years that kids who grow up on a farm have fewer incidences than city kids.Now they might finally know why.And that bit of information might be the clue they need to develop a vaccine(疫苗) for asthma(哮喘)and better treatment strategies for allergies.A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine compared 30 Amish children and 30 Hutterite children from two farming groups in North Dakota.Researchers chose these children because asthma is rare among the Amish but common among the Hutterites, even though the groups have similar genetic backgrounds and diets and very little exposure to tobacco smoke, polluted air and indoor pets.The one key difference lies in their farming methods: The Amish reject electricity and industrialization, while the Hutterites embrace it.And because of this, the children are exposed to different microbes(微生物)“We never thought we would see a difference，” Carole Ober, an author of the study and the chairwoman of the department of human genetics at the University of Chicago, told the New York Times.But to their great surprise, “we saw great differences with very, very different cell types and cell numbers.”The Amish children all had a large proportion of neutrophils white blood cells that are part of the socalled inborn immune system.The Amish kids' neutrophils “were newly found in their bone marrow, evidence of a continual lowgrade reaction to microbial invaders(入侵者)，” the New York Times reports.In contrast, the Hutterite kids had “old” neutrophils, and researchers found their blood was full of another type of immune cell, eosinophils, which provoke allergic reactions.“I keep saying if everyone would just put a cow in their house, no kid would have asthma, but that's not very practical，” Ober told Live Science.Instead, Ober predicts an air mister parents could use to spray the beneficial microbes into the air.()4.What can we know about the Hutterite group according to Paragraph 2?AThe air is heavily polluted due to industrialization.BThey have a fatter chance to catch asthma and allergies.CTheir family members are addicted to cigarette smoking.DModern machines are widely used instead of farm animals.()5.Which of the following can be added to the differences between the two groups?Agenetic backgroundBimmune systemChealth careDeducational level()6.By jokingly suggesting having a cow in their house, Ober intends to tell us that _.Akeeping a toy cow is more practicalBwe should get exposed to indoor petsCunhealthy living styles should be avoidedDfarm environment helps fight asthma and allergies【語篇解讀】通過比較來自North Dakota地區(qū)的30個阿米什和30個哈特爾的兒童，新英格蘭醫(yī)學雜志發(fā)表了一個新的醫(yī)學研究結論。4D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內容“The one key difference lies in their farming methods: The Amish reject electricity and industrialization, while the Hutterites embrace it.And because of this, the children are exposed to different microbes(微生物)”可判斷為D項。5B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“researchers found their blood was full of another type of immune cell, eosinophils, which provoke allergic reactions”并結合題意可知，應選B項。6D推理判斷題。在最后一段中的原句為“I keep saying if everyone would just put a cow in their house, no kid would have asthma, but that's not very practical”根據(jù)文章內容引知，農墾的方式影響孩子的免疫力。C(黃岡中學2019年高三5月適應性考試D)Three Feet From GoldDarby's uncle was caught by the “gold fever” in the goldrush days, and went west to dig and grow rich.After months of labor, he was rewarded by the discovery of the shining ore(礦石)He needed machinery to bring the ore to the surface.So, with the “strike”， he returned home.And with the help of Darby, he borrowed a lot of money.After buying the machinery and having it shipped, Uncle and Darby went back to work the mine.The first car of ore was mined.And the returns proved they had one of the richest mines in Colorado! Down went the drills! Up went the hopes of Uncle and Darby!Then something happened! The vein(礦脈) of gold ore disappeared! They drilled on, but all in vain.Finally, they decided to quit and sold the machinery to a junk man for a few hundred dollars.The junk man called in a mining engineer to look at the mine and do a little calculating.The engineer's calculations showed that the vein would be found just three feet from where the Darbys had stopped drilling! The junk man took millions of dollars in the vein, because he knew enough to seek expert's advice before giving up.Most of the money which went into the machinery was borrowed through the efforts of Darby, who was then a very young man.The money came from his relatives because of their faith in him.He paid back every dollar of it, although he was years in doing so.Long afterward, Mr.Darby made another discovery that desire can be changed into gold.This discovery came after he went into the business of selling life insurance.Remembering that he lost a huge fortune, for he stopped three feet from gold, Darby profited by the experience in his chosen work, saying to himself, “I stopped three feet from gold, but I will never stop because men say no when I ask them to buy insurance.”Darby sold more than a million dollars in life insurance annually.He owes his “stickability” to the lesson he learned from his “quitability” in the gold mining business.()7.Darby's uncle went back home to _.Areceive his rewardBseek financial supportClook for more helpersDconsult an engineer()8.The Darbys failed in mining business because of_.Aquitting drilling onBthe disappearance of the veinCthe shortage of the machineryDcompeting against the junk man()9.From the passage, we can know Darby _.Awas unable to pay off the debtsBmined his gold from the failureClearned a lesson from selling insuranceDdevoted himself to making new discoveries()10.The author intends to tell us that _.Ahopes and difficulties exist side by sideBcorrect decisions stems from correct judgementCwe should catch it when an opportunity comesDwe won't reach our goal unless we persist【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。Darby的叔叔發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦，在Darby和親戚的幫助下買到了鉆探設備，但金礦脈消失，他們只好把設備賣給了一個舊貨商。舊貨商找到一個采礦工程師去看礦井，發(fā)現(xiàn)Darby只差3英尺就鉆探到了金礦。后來Darby從事銷售人壽保險業(yè)務，由于有前車之鑒，他堅持不放棄，終于成功了。7B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“So, with the strike， he returned home.And with the help of Darby, he borrowed a lot of money.”可知，Darby的叔叔回到家尋求財政支持。故答案為B。8A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“They drilled on, but all in vain.Finally, they decided to quit and sold the machinery to a junk man for a few hundred dollars.”可知，在采礦業(yè)務上失敗了，因為他們放棄了鉆探。故答案為A。9B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“I stopped three feet from gold, but I will never stop because men say no when I ask them to buy insurance.”和最后一段第一句“Darby sold more than a million dollars in life insurance annually.”可知，Darby從失敗中挖掘出了他人生的金子。故答案為B。10D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“He owes his stickability to the lesson he learned from his quitability in the gold mining business.”可知，作者想告訴我們，除非我們堅持下去，否則我們無法實現(xiàn)我們的目標。故答案為D。D(安徽省皖南八校2019年高三第三次聯(lián)考4月試題)Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) may soon be able to turn their used forks and knives into tools and satellite parts.Tethers Unlimited Inc., an aerospace technology company, has developed a system that combines a waste recycling machine with a 3D printer.Astronauts will put w