（通用版）2019高考英語二輪復習 第三板塊 語法填空與短文改錯 NO.2 再研考點 第一層級 第二講 代詞和介詞講義

第二講代詞和介詞近幾年，高考對代詞的考查主要集中在代詞的基本用法上，因此這類試題一般較為簡單。語法填空側(cè)重對it用法的考查；而短文改錯對代詞的考查主要集中在不定代詞、反身代詞、形容詞性物主代詞和代詞的格等的用法上?？忌诮忸}時要根據(jù)語境、句意判斷人稱和數(shù)，應(yīng)仔細閱讀上下文，根據(jù)代詞具體指代的對象和在句中充當?shù)某煞郑_定代詞的格。未來高考對代詞的考查將繼續(xù)側(cè)重代詞的基本用法，并會加強語境的真實性和復雜性。(一)考點練悟(用代詞填空)“Without the ball, I'm half complete of 1._ (I)，” Luis Figo, one of the world's greatest football players once said.The Portuguese played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing 2._ (he) hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for 3._ (he) in Lisbon. “Figo, Figo，” 4._ shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.The Real Madrid player, 31, wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win 5._ Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 82.4 million dollars in 2000, and he showed everyone what a great player he was by winning FIFA's Footballer of the Year award in 2001.“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player，” said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001. “Figo 6._ (he) is a real leader who always tries his best on the field and a good team player. 7._ is no problem for him to work together with his teammate at Real Madrid, star footballer David Beckham.” In fact, Figo was the first 8._ to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help one 9._ and work together to be successful，” Figo said.答案：1.myself2.his3.him4.all5.another6.himself7.It8.one9.another(二)快捷技法思考趨向1當提示詞為代詞時，需分析判斷用其主格、賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞中的哪種形式。2如空后無提示詞，且空格處在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語時，考慮填代詞。解題規(guī)則1人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞常考點(1)人稱代詞中第三人稱的主格(he, she, it, they)與賓格(him, her, it, them)常指代前文或后文出現(xiàn)的人或物。當提示詞為人稱代詞的主格時需考慮是否變?yōu)橘e格。(如題3)(2)形容詞性物主代詞(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)在句中作定語，常表示物體的所屬；而名詞性物主代詞(mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)在句中可以作主語、賓語和表語，但不可以作定語。(如題2)(3)反身代詞(myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)表示動作的承受者就是動作的執(zhí)行者，可以在句中作賓語、表語和同位語。(如題1,6)2替代詞和不定代詞常考點(1)替代詞that, those, one, onesthat可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其復數(shù)形式為those。one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的同類事物中的“一個”，其復數(shù)形式為ones。(如題8)(2)不定代詞的用法both, either, neither都強調(diào)兩者，可作主語、賓語和定語。neither表示“兩者都不”； either表示“兩者中任何一個”； both表示“兩者都”。all和none都強調(diào)三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。(如題4)another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一個，再一個”； the other意為“(兩者中的)另一個”；other意為“其余的，另外的”； others泛指其余的人或物。(如題5,9)3it的常考點(1)it可指代事物或上文提到過的內(nèi)容。(2)it可作形式主語或形式賓語，用來指代不定式、動詞­ing形式或從句，而把真正的主語或賓語后置。(如題7)(3)表示“喜歡，恨”等情感的動詞后面跟從句時，要先接it，再接從句，這類動詞有l(wèi)ike, love, hate, dislike, appreciate等。(4)it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is no wonder that “難怪”；make it“成功；趕上”；when it comes to .“當提到”等。(一)考點練悟下文中共有6處錯誤，每句中最多有一處。請找出并改正。How time flies! I had hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of your home when it's time to go back to school. This winter I spent ten days studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was easy for mine.But I still had some fun during the Spring Festival. I attended uncle's wedding and my new aunt was very beautiful. To our disappointment, I didn't get much lucky money as I had expected. I also went to the cinema with several classmates. They played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant called “Red Lobster”. The food there was very delicious and we all really enjoyed myself.答案：第二句：yourmy第三句：mineme第五句：attended后加my第六句：ourmy第八句：TheyWe第九句：myselfourselves(二)快捷技法思考趨向1考慮是否存在指代錯誤，即所用代詞與其指代的對象是否相符。2考慮代詞是否存在數(shù)和格的誤用。3考慮人稱代詞與反身代詞是否存在錯用。4考慮物主代詞是否誤用。5考慮不定代詞的錯用。解題規(guī)則1代詞的錯用代詞數(shù)的錯用人稱代詞、物主代詞以及反身代詞等都有單復數(shù)之分，要根據(jù)上下文確定單復數(shù)。物主代詞的錯用形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞，不能單獨使用，常用來修飾名詞；名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞，常單獨使用，不能修飾名詞。人稱代詞與反身代詞的錯用反身代詞是指代主語的，使動作的發(fā)出者把動作反射到本人身上。若所用代詞與主語不一致，就要用人稱代詞而不用反身代詞。不定代詞的錯用常見的有many與much, some(thing)與any(thing), other與another，表示兩者的both, either, neither與表示三者或三者以上的all, none等。代詞的指代錯誤若文中出現(xiàn)代詞，它所代替的詞一定存在于前文或后文的某處，要注意它們的前后一致性。2代詞的缺失與多余代詞的缺失主要是人稱代詞與物主代詞的缺失，若缺少主語需考慮是否用人稱代詞，還要根據(jù)上下文考慮名詞前是否缺少物主代詞，另外還要注意it的缺失。代詞的多余主要是定語從句中代詞的多余和固定結(jié)構(gòu)中代詞的多余。在定語從句中，若引導詞在從句中作賓語，此時就不能再用it, him或them等作賓語；在句式“sb./sth.beadj.to do”中，do后不能再用it或them。高考對介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及含介詞的固定搭配的用法上。語法填空題對介詞的考查形式為純空格，即沒有提示詞，這對考生正確理解句意和掌握的知識提出了較高的要求。短文改錯題對介詞的考查主要涉及介詞的多余、缺失或誤用，其中固定搭配中介詞的誤用是考查的重點。因此，考生應(yīng)在掌握介詞基本用法的同時，注意總結(jié)和積累其與名詞、形容詞、動詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意義和用法。(一)考點練悟(用適當?shù)慕樵~填空)In the chemistry lab, because 1._ the student's carelessness, the tube cracked and the liquid in it caused a fire on the table. Fortunately, he put it out 2._ time at last.In fact, it is common to have some small accidents caused 3._ carelessness. I used to enjoy cooking, so I always sought a chance to cook. However, the desire led 4._ an accident.Once I stayed 5._ home alone. I found it a chance to cook. I put all the food I needed 6._ a pot. Then I had to wait 7._ it to boil. In order to kill the waiting time, I went to watch TV. Only in a few minutes was I fascinated by a wonderful programme. It was about half an hour later that I remembered my food. I turned off the cooker immediately but unfortunately the food ran over 8._ the pot. I was blamed and had to clean the kitchen.So we should pay attention 9._ everything we are doing to avoid accidents.答案：1.of2.in3.by4.to5.at6.into7.for 8from9.to(二)快捷技法思考趨向1若空格后是名詞、代詞或動名詞，且它們在句中不是作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時，那么空格處一般是填介詞。(如題1,2,3,6,8)2看空格前的動詞或形容詞，若空格處能與之構(gòu)成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作賓語，那么空格處一般填介詞。(如題4,5,7,9)解題規(guī)則1幾組常見介詞的辨析(1)表示時間的in, on, atin表示在某段較長的時間內(nèi)(如世紀、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。on表示在具體的日子或具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。at表示某個時間點、時刻等。 (2)表示時間的in和afterin表示“在時間之內(nèi)/之后”，所在的句子必須表示將來。after表示“在時間之后”，通?！癮fter時間段”與過去時連用。(3)表示方位的through和acrossthrough表示“從的內(nèi)部穿過”。 across表示“從表面穿過”。(4)表示交通方式的by和on/inby后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名詞，名詞前不加冠詞。on/in后跟交通工具時，名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語。(5)表示“用”的by, in, withby指“靠手段，用方法，憑借”，后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞。in多用于表示語言、材料的名詞前。with多用于表示工具或身體器官的名詞前。(6)表示“除之外”的besides和exceptbesides表示“除之外還”。except表示“除之外”。 2其他?？嫉慕樵~with(1)(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有(2)(表示伴隨)隨著(3)(表示原因)由于，因為(4)(表示關(guān)系)和一起(5)構(gòu)成with復合結(jié)構(gòu)against(1)(表示態(tài)度)反對(2)(表示對比)以為背景(3)(表示方位)倚靠著of(1)表示“的”(2)“ofn.”相當于該名詞對應(yīng)的形容詞for“for時間段”表示“長達”despite盡管，雖然without如果沒有beyond超出，超越3介詞在固定搭配中的考查介詞在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下幾種形式：(1)介詞與名詞的搭配(2)介詞與形容詞的搭配(3)介詞與動詞的搭配(一)考點練悟下文中共有6處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。請找出并改正。Studying on the UK has been a good experience for me. When I first arrived, I found life very hard as I didn't know anybody here, but I soon got to know other Chinese students at the university. Later I became interested communicating to people from various cultures, and I made more friends.During my study, I chose to live in my classmates in the dormitory. I think it's better than living in a British family because of I can meet people from different countries easily. The courses here are excellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons. We are encouraged to think for ourselves, which is quite different with what I have experienced before.答案：第一句：onin第三句：interested后加in; towith第四句：第一個inwith第五句：去掉of第八句：withfrom(二)快捷技法思考趨向1判斷介詞與其后的名詞搭配是否得當。2判斷介詞與前面的動詞或形容詞的搭配是否得當或存在多余、遺漏的情況。3判斷固定搭配中的介詞是否被篡改。解題規(guī)則1介詞的錯用介詞基本用法的錯用有時我們會受漢語的影響錯用介詞，例如：“在幫助下”，英語應(yīng)用with the help of而不是under the help of。固定搭配中介詞的錯用介詞可與名詞、動詞、形容詞等構(gòu)成固定搭配，其中的介詞是固定的。有時搭配中介詞不同，意義也不同。2介詞的多余與缺失介詞的多余及物動詞后可以直接跟賓語，無需再加介詞；last, next等后跟名詞表時間時無需加介詞。介詞的缺失不及物動詞后跟賓語時應(yīng)加相應(yīng)的介詞。注意固定搭配中介詞的有無。課堂應(yīng)用體驗 .語法填空(2018·洛陽聯(lián)考)I have never liked my English name.My parents didn't know that Cindy was short for Cynthia, or that Cindy Brady was the Cindy of the moment.They _1_ (choose) it because it sounds like my Chinese name, Shin­tzer.My name isn't full of flowers like most Chinese girls' names.My grandfather wanted me to have _2_ (strong) of character, not mere physical beauty.“Cindy” seems colorless by comparison.It's just a couple of syllables that sound good together.I grew up _3_ (speak) English and eating with a fork.Yet the customs about names are extremely _4_ (tradition), down to our use of an ancient naming poem.Most Chinese names are _5_ of a kind, a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family's hopes for the child.It was March when my brother and his wife _6_ (expect) their second boy.The emails began to fly as we conferred about the baby's Chinese name.My brother's wife is Korean, so the name had to sound good _7_ Korean, too.One thing was certain his name would contain the word “shi”， or “world”， _8_ can also mean “generation”We are on the _9_ (six) word of a couplet that my family has used to name its _10_ (son) for generations.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過敘述自己名字的由來及成長經(jīng)歷，介紹了中國人起名的特點及寓意。1chose考查動詞時態(tài)。父母為作者起名字發(fā)生在過去，所以此處用一般過去時。2strength考查名詞。作者的祖父想讓作者意志力堅強。have在此處為實義動詞，意為“有”，后跟名詞作賓語。3speaking考查非謂語動詞。作者是講英語和用叉子吃飯長大的。此處的主語I與動詞speak之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，故填speaking?！癮nd eating”也是提示。4traditional考查形容詞。然而關(guān)于名字的風俗是非常傳統(tǒng)的。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。5ones考查代詞。根據(jù)下文中的“a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family's hopes for the child”的提示可知，此處為泛指，且與下文中的“two words”相呼應(yīng)，所以此處用代詞one的復數(shù)形式表示泛指。6were expecting考查動詞時態(tài)。那是在三月份的時候，作者的哥哥和他的妻子一直期待著他們第二個兒子的出生。此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)，且表示過去某一階段持續(xù)的動作，故用過去進行時。7in考查介詞。表示用某種語言用介詞in。8which考查定語從句?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，且在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞“the word shi， or world”，故應(yīng)填which。9sixth考查序數(shù)詞。此處表示第六個字。故應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞，表示“第六個”。10sons考查名詞復數(shù)。此處指給祖祖輩輩的子孫起名。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用復數(shù)。.短文改錯Last weekend my friends and I did something fair cool we made the film on my mobile phone. We all had different thing to do.My friends were the actors, but I was the director. My mum provided us some old clothes and my friends all put it on. They looked very funny. My brother plays the guitar in the film. We watched the whole thing on my computer after get back to my house. It was amazed. Now I have made up my mind to become a film director in the future. I'll do what I can to make it to come true.答案：第一句：fairfairly; thea第二句：thingthings第三句：butand第四句：us后加with; itthem第六句：playsplayed第七句：getgetting第八句：amazedamazing第十句：去掉第二個to10