2019高考英語一輪選訓(xùn)習(xí)題 Unit 2 Healthy eating（含解析）新人教版必修3

必修3Unit 2Healthy eating李仕才一、閱讀理解AWild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man, a woman or a boy, a new study says. That's what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven't shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn't. The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people, said study author Karen McComb. “Basically, they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，” said McComb, a professor at the University of Sussex in England. “Memory is Key. They must build up that knowledge somehow.” The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.It's close to but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the elephant Horton hears something that others can't hear. McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants, and Kamba men, who are less of a threat to the elephants. As a result, the elephants reacted more defensivelyretreating and gathering in a bunch to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe, said study co­author Graeme Shannon.They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants, the animals reacted less defensively to the women's voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys' voices. “Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal, who was not part of the study.【文章大意】研究表明野生大象能夠識(shí)別男、女和男孩的聲音，它們通過思維區(qū)分聲音并判斷誰能對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生威脅?！倦y句分析】McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.(倒數(shù)第三段第一句)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water作伴隨狀語。譯文：McComb和同事去了位于肯尼亞的安博塞利國家公園，在那里有成百上千頭野象與人類一起生活，他們有時(shí)因?yàn)樗Y源匱乏而發(fā)生沖突。1Who were the people taking part in the study?AFrans de Waal and Karen McComb.BDr. Seuss and Graeme Shannon.CGraeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.DKaren McComb and Graeme Shannon.答案與解析：D'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中的“study co­author Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb和Groeme Shannon都參加了研究，故選D項(xiàng)。2What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?AIdentifying and avoiding possible danger.BGrowing much faster than any other animals.CHaving a better understanding of humans.DDeveloping their language skills.答案與解析：A'考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven't shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn't.”可知，這種高等的思維方式使野象能夠分辨出誰能對(duì)他們?cè)斐赏{，這樣它們可以避免可能的危險(xiǎn)，故A項(xiàng)是正確的。3Which can replace the underlined word “substituted” in the last paragraph?ADistinguished. BRepeated.CUsed. DCompared.答案與解析：C'考查詞義猜測(cè)。畫線詞所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the women's voices”，畫線詞所在句講的是野象對(duì)年輕男孩的聲音做出的反應(yīng)，說明當(dāng)時(shí)研究者在對(duì)野象播放年輕男孩的聲音，選C項(xiàng)。4What does the passage mainly talk about?AWild elephants can distinguish human languages.BThe conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.CWild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.DWild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.答案與解析：A'考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man, a woman or a boy”和全文內(nèi)容可知，野象能夠通過人的聲音區(qū)分不同人類群體的性別和年齡，故選A項(xiàng)(野象能夠區(qū)分人類的語言)。BWinston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.His CigarsThe classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar becoming soggy (濕軟的), Churchill invented the bellybando, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end.At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight.His Black DogThroughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his black dog. At times, his depression was so severe that he didnt like standing close to a passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would commit suicide.When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how all the colors come back into the picture.1. Why did Churchills security team insist on checking the cigars?A. To test if they were safe for Churchill.B. To see if they were of the best quality.C. To make sure they were Churchills favorite.D. To guarantee they were not out of date.2. Which of the following best shows Churchills love of cigars?A. He fell in love with cigars at a young age.B. He smoked many cigars every day.C. He invented the bellybando.D. He had an oxygen mask specially designed for smoking.3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. Churchill became energetic again.B. Churchill remained depressed.C. Churchill drew colorful pictures.D. Churchill liked to talk about colors.4. What is probably the best title of the passage?A. Achievements of ChurchillB. Anecdotes about ChurchillC. Personalities of ChurchillD. Hobbies of Churchill【文章大意】丘吉爾是英國最受歡迎的首相，文章介紹丘吉爾的一些奇聞?shì)W事。1. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison.可知，丘吉爾的安全部隊(duì)堅(jiān)持要檢查雪茄，為了檢測(cè)是否它們對(duì)丘吉爾是安全的。故選A。 3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning.可知，丘吉爾精力充沛的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常工作和交談直到凌晨。下文是他對(duì)精力充沛的描寫。故選A。 4. B【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和第一段的句子While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.可知，文章主要介紹丘吉爾的奇聞?shì)W事。故選B。二、七選五(2018·云南省昆明市高三復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very common experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (調(diào)味品) and enjoying each other's company. _1_ Firstly，prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables. Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. _2_ Choose any food that you enjoy. Some common choices for a Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. _3_ Mushrooms of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations. _4_ At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. _5_ AFinally, arrange the seating reasonably.BNow comes the turn to enjoy your hot pot!CIt will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully.DHere are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home.EFor more variety，consider dumplings，rice cakes and tangyuan.FPopular choices include：cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato.GIt usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。吃火鍋在中國是常見的，本文介紹了做火鍋的步驟。1答案與解析：D'根據(jù)該空位置并結(jié)合本文標(biāo)題“How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot”可知，空處承上啟下，引出下文對(duì)如何做火鍋的敘述，故D項(xiàng)與此處匹配。2答案與解析：C'根據(jù)前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知，要將各種肉和魚切成薄片，據(jù)此可以判斷，這樣就能保證食物能很快煮熟，故C項(xiàng)正確。3答案與解析：F'根據(jù)前一句“Meanwhile，select，wash and prepare some vegetables”可知，同時(shí)要選擇、清洗并準(zhǔn)備一些蔬菜，據(jù)此可以判斷，空處列舉常見的用于火鍋的蔬菜，故F項(xiàng)正確。4答案與解析：A'根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為該段主題句；根據(jù)第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹做火鍋的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A項(xiàng)正確。5答案與解析：B'根據(jù)空處所在的位置并結(jié)合語境可知，在火鍋的各種準(zhǔn)備工作完畢后，就應(yīng)該開始享受了，故B項(xiàng)正確。三、短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2018·福州市高三畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Dear Ben，As graduation is draw near，I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind.In the last three years，you had shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very much that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg break.During the days when I had to stay in the bed，you comforted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship which fills my life with sunshine.I hope my friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will come truly in the future.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua【答案】Dear Ben，As graduation is near，I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your .In the last three years，you shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg .During the days when I had to stay in bed，you comforted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship fills my life with sunshine.I hope friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will come in the future.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua第一處：draw改為drawing?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：隨著畢業(yè)的臨近，我想對(duì)你的善意表示由衷的感激。根據(jù)語境可知，該處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。第二處：kind改為kindness?？疾槊~。根據(jù)形容詞性物主代詞“your”可知，該處用名詞形式。第三處：had改為have。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句的時(shí)間狀語“In the last three years”可知，此處表示動(dòng)作從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：在過去的三年時(shí)間里，你分享了我的快樂和憂傷，讓我的學(xué)校生活令人難忘。第四處：much改為well?？疾楦痹~。句意：我清楚地記得，當(dāng)我的左腿受傷時(shí)，你將我送到醫(yī)院。由句意可知，該處表示“清楚地記得”，故將much改為well。第五處：break改為broken?？疾檫^去分詞。leg和動(dòng)詞break之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用have sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)，故用過去分詞。第六處：刪除the?？疾楣谠~。in bed為固定用法，意為“臥病在床”，故刪除the。第七處：在my前加with。考查介詞。句意：在我不得不臥病在床的那些天里，你安慰我并幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)功課。help sb.with lessons為固定搭配，意為“幫助某人補(bǔ)習(xí)功課”，故在my前加with。第八處：which改為that。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：是你的友誼讓我的生命充滿了陽光。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是“your friendship”，故將which改為that。知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is(was)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that (who)句子的其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，可以由who代替that。第九處：my改為our。考查代詞。句意：我希望我們的友誼長存，我還希望你所有的夢(mèng)想在將來都成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，該處表示“我們的友誼”，故應(yīng)用our。第十處：truly改為true。考查形容詞。come true為固定搭配，意為“成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”，come在此處為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。四、語法填空(2018·濰坊模擬)All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do. The stomach must have a time _1_ (rest) between meals. The other parts of the body require rest, too. This they _2_ (usual) get while we are asleep. We must not fail to give them enough rest, or they will soon get _3_ (wear) out and give us trouble. Sometimes, when people are not well _4_ tired out, they find they cannot sleep well _5_ night. A number of little things can contribute to a good sleep. A hot foot bath, _6_ draws the blood away from the brain, frequently will be found _7_ (benefit). A glass of hot milk or cocoa, _8_ (take) just before going to bed, often will have the same effect. If the sleeplessness is a result of indigestion(消化不良), a plain diet will relieve. Sleeping upon a hard bed without any pillow sometimes _9_ (produce) the desired effect. Always have plenty of fresh air in the room. Keep the mind free from the cares of the day. Never take any _10_ (sleep) tablets except upon the advice of a physician, for they usually contain drugs that will injure the heart.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普類說明文。人體的各個(gè)器官都需要良好的休息。本文詳細(xì)介紹了幾條提高睡眠質(zhì)量的方法。1答案與解析：to rest考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：胃必須用兩餐之間的間隔時(shí)間來休息。have a time to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“有時(shí)間去做某事”。故填to rest。2答案與解析：usually考查副詞。空格處修飾動(dòng)詞get，故用形容詞usual的副詞形式usually。3答案與解析：worn考查過去分詞。該句主語they指代第一段第三句中的“The other parts of the body”，和動(dòng)詞短語wear out之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，wear應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。故填worn。4答案與解析：or考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句中的not well和空格后的tired out為選擇關(guān)系，表示“或者”。故填or。5答案與解析：at考查介詞。表示“在晚上”用固定短語at night。故填at。6答案與解析：which考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞“A hot foot bath”，并在從句中作主語，所以用which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填which。7答案與解析：beneficial考查形容詞。該句中的found為感官動(dòng)詞，在該處用作系動(dòng)詞，后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語，意為“有利的，有益的”。故填beneficial。8答案與解析：taken考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句中的主語“A glass of hot milk or cocoa”和動(dòng)詞take之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作狀語。故填taken。9答案與解析：produces/will produce考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：在硬床上不墊任何枕頭睡覺有時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到你想要的效果。根據(jù)句意可知，該句陳述的是客觀道理或預(yù)料將要發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)。故填produces/will produce。10答案與解析：sleeping考查名詞。sleeping tablet意為“安眠藥片”，相當(dāng)于sleeping pill，為固定用法。故填sleeping?！鹃L難句分析】All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do.(第一段第一句)分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中“although each one has its special part to do”為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。譯文：人體的所有部位協(xié)同工作，盡管每個(gè)部位都有其特殊作用。 9