六年級(jí)上冊英語素材- 時(shí)態(tài) 各單元重點(diǎn)詞匯句型人教PEP

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。結(jié)構(gòu)：1.be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加“-s”或“-es”。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。否定句，一般疑問句，特殊疑問句變化1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。（1）否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。（2）一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它?如：Are you a student?Yes. I am. / No, Im not.（3）特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句?如：Where is my book?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。（1）否定句：主語+ dont( doesnt ) +動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：I dont like milk.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesnt often play football.（2）一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?如：Do you often play the piano?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：Does she go to work by bike?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.（3）特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句?如：How does your mother go to work?一般過去時(shí)一、一般過去時(shí)的概念一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時(shí)間連用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often, always等頻率副詞連用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看見他了。Li Lei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李雷總是步行上學(xué)。二、一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成 我們主要來學(xué)習(xí)謂語動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成：(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則：一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。三、一般過去時(shí)的幾種句型（1）肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+did not (didnt)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：He didnt go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天沒去玩具店。（2）一般疑問句的構(gòu)成：Did+主語動(dòng)詞原形其它？如：Did you go to Beijing last week?Yes, we did./No, we didnt.（3）一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成：疑問詞+did+主語動(dòng)詞原形其它？如：What did you do last night?I did my homework.一般過去時(shí)口訣:一般過去時(shí)并不難，表示過去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。動(dòng)詞要用過去式，時(shí)間狀語句末站。否定句很簡單，didnt站在動(dòng)詞原形前，其它部分不要變。一般疑問句也好變，did放在句子前，主語、動(dòng)詞原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑問句也簡單，疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。最后一條請注意，動(dòng)詞過去式要牢記。一般將來時(shí)一、陳述句肯定句：主語+be(am / is / are) + going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：1.I am going to work hard this term.我打算這學(xué)期努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2.He is going to buy a new CD after school.我放學(xué)后要去買張新CD。 3.They are going to visit their teacher tomorrow .他們明天要去看望他們的老師。否定句要在be的后面加not：1.I am not going to play football after school.放學(xué)后我不打算踢足球。2.She is not going to watch TV this afternoon.今天下午她不打算看電視。3.We are not going to the cinema at night.我們今晚不看電影。二、一般疑問句這時(shí)候，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：Be(am,is,are)+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：1. Are you going to read books tonight?Yes, I am./No, I am not.2.Is he going to buy a comic book this morning?Yes, he is./No, he is not.三、特殊疑問句疑問詞+be(am,is,are)+主語+ going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：1.What is she going to do this evening? She is going to visit her grandparents. 2.What are they going to do tomorrow? They are going to play football.其次，和將來時(shí)出現(xiàn)的還有以下特征：this morning, this afternoon, this evening, at night, tomorrow, this weekend, next week，soon等表示將來時(shí)間的詞語。還有，be going to有時(shí)會(huì)偷懶，如表示你將要去哪兒的句子時(shí)：I am going to the park this morning. Where are you going this weekend?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?！拔摇钡慕Y(jié)構(gòu)是：be (am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式。一、陳述句(肯定句)主語be(am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞。如：I am reading English.我正在讀英語。 He is writing.他正在寫字。 You are running.你正在跑步。二、一般疑問句Be(Am, Is, Are)+主語現(xiàn)在分詞。如：1.Are you singing? 你正在唱歌嗎？ Yes, I am. 是的，我在唱歌。(No, Im not. 不，我不在唱歌。)2.Is he (she) listening to music? 他(她)在聽音樂嗎？Yes, he (she) is. 是的，他(她)在聽音樂。（No, he (she) isnt.不，他(她)不在聽音樂。）三、特殊疑問句疑問詞be (am, is, are)主語現(xiàn)在分詞？如：1.What are you doing?你正在干什么？ I am doing my homework.我正在做作業(yè)。 2.What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么？ He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在騎自行車。其次，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的三位好伙伴： look(看)、listen(聽)、now(現(xiàn)在)，它們經(jīng)常一起出現(xiàn)Look! Jack is swimming. 看！杰克正在游泳。Listen! She is singing. 聽！她正在唱歌。I am cleaning my room now. 現(xiàn)在我正在打掃房間。Unit1 How can I get there? 重點(diǎn)單詞： 地點(diǎn)：science museum科學(xué)博物館 post office 郵局 bookstore 書店 cinema 電影院 hospital 醫(yī)院動(dòng)作：go straight 直走 turn left/right 左轉(zhuǎn)、右轉(zhuǎn) 方位： in front of :在···前面 behind 在···后面 near在旁邊 next to 緊挨著 beside 在旁邊 over 在上方 on the left 在左邊 on the right 在右邊 am 只跟I放在一起be動(dòng)詞 is 主語是單數(shù)時(shí)用 are 主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用重點(diǎn)句型： 1. 詢問地點(diǎn)在哪：Where is the +地點(diǎn) Where is the cinema? 電影院在哪？ 回答： near（附近） next to（旁邊） Its behind（后面） the +地點(diǎn) in front of（前面） Its near the zoo. 它在動(dòng)物園附近。2. 詢問怎樣到達(dá)一個(gè)地點(diǎn)：How can I get to the +地點(diǎn) How can I get there/ here ? How can I get to the cinema? 我怎樣到達(dá)電影院？回答：turn left turn right at the +地點(diǎn) go straight Turn right at the zoo. 動(dòng)物園右轉(zhuǎn)。Turn left at the zoo, and then go straight, the cinema is on your left. 動(dòng)物園左轉(zhuǎn)然后直走，電影院在你的左邊?；颍篩ou can Take the No.57 bus. 你可以乘坐57路公交車。人+can+take the No.數(shù)字 + busUnit 2 Ways to go to school?重點(diǎn)單詞/短語：交通方式：by bike /bus /plane /subway /train /ship /taxi /ferry 騎自行車/乘公共汽車/飛機(jī)/地鐵/火車/船/出租汽車/輪渡 take the No.57 bus 乘57路公共汽車 on foot 步行其他：slow down慢下來 pay attention to 注意 traffic lights 交通信號(hào)燈 look right 向右看 cross the road 橫穿馬路 at home 在家重點(diǎn)句型： (頻度副詞：頻度副詞又稱頻率副詞，用來表示事情發(fā)生的頻率，即某事多長時(shí)間發(fā)生一次。)單詞詞義大致頻率always總是100usually通常80often經(jīng)常60sometimes有時(shí)30never從不01. How do / does 某人 go(come) to school ? 某人怎么去（來）學(xué)校How do you go to school? 你怎么去學(xué)校？How does she come to school? 她怎么來學(xué)校的？回答：某人+ go(goes) / come(comes) + to school + by+ 交通工具I go to school on foot. She goes to school by bus.2. 某人+ must + 動(dòng)詞原形 某人必須 People on bikes must wear one. 騎自行車的人必須戴一個(gè)。 I must pay attention to the traffic lights. 我必須注意交通信號(hào)燈。Unit 3 My weekend plan重點(diǎn)單詞和短語：活動(dòng)短語: visit my grandparents 看望我的（外）祖父母 see a film看電影 take a trip去旅游go to the supermarket去購物時(shí)間短語：this morning今天早上、今天上午 this afternoon今天下午 this evening 今天晚上 tonight在今晚 tomorrow明天 next week下周書籍類： dictionary字典comic book連環(huán)畫冊word book單詞本 postcard明信片重點(diǎn)句型：1. 某人+be going to +do(動(dòng)詞原形) 某人打算（或?qū)⒁┤プ瞿呈耂he is going to see a film. 她打算去看電影。My uncle is going to take a trip. 我叔叔打算去旅行。My parents are going to go to the supermarket. 我父母打算去超市。2. 本單元幾大問句及答句：1） What+be動(dòng)詞+某人+going to do(+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn))? 某人打算去做什么What are you going to do tomorrow?What is she going to do next week?回答：某人+be going to do(+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn))I am going to go to the supermarket tomorrow.Sarah and Mike are going to take a trip next week.2) When+be動(dòng)詞+某人+going(+地點(diǎn))？ 某人打算什么時(shí)候去When are you going (to the cinema)?When are you going (to Beijing)? (地點(diǎn)是城市的名稱，前面不用the)回答：I am going to the cinema tomorrow. They are going to Nanjing next week.3) Where +be動(dòng)詞+某人+going(+時(shí)間)？某人打算去哪里Where are you going tomorrow?Where is Sarah going?回答：某人+be going+ to the 地點(diǎn) to Beijing/ to NanjingI am going to the cinema.We are going to the supermarket this morning.4) Who + be 動(dòng)詞+某人+going with? 某人打算和誰一起去Who are you going with?Who is Sarah going with?回答：Im going with my friends. She is going with her sister.Unit 4 I have a pen pal重點(diǎn)單詞和短語 分詞形式：dancing 跳舞 singing 唱歌 reading stories 看故事書 playing football 踢足球 doing kung fu練功夫動(dòng)詞三單形式：studies Chinese學(xué)習(xí)中文 does word puzzle猜謎語 goes hiking徒步旅行 cooks Chinese food 常用短語：watching TV看電視 drawing pictures 畫畫listening to music聽音樂 going fishing 釣魚 playing sports 進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng) playing the pipa 彈琵琶climbing mountains爬山 singing English songs 唱英文歌 flying kites放風(fēng)箏 重點(diǎn)句型： 1.What is +某人的+hobby? 的愛好是什么？ What are+某人的+hobbies?回答：某人+like(likes)+動(dòng)詞ing1) -What are your bobbies?-I like sing and dancing.2) -What is his hobby? -He likes reading.2. 一般疑問句3. Two students like dancing. One student likes singing.主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要加s主語：句子開頭表示人的詞動(dòng)詞加s的變化規(guī)則：1. 大部分動(dòng)詞直接加s2. 以 s, x, sh, ch, o結(jié)尾的單詞，加es3. 輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的，把y變i再加es輔音字母：除了a, e, i, o, u 以外的字母4. have變成has現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則：1、 一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing ，如：work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying 2 、動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，要去e加ing ，如：take - taking make - making dance - dancing 3 、重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加ing ，如：run - running swim-swimmingput - putting 4、 以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把變成y再加ing，如： lie - lying tie - tying die - dyingUnit 5 What does she do ?重點(diǎn)詞匯四會(huì)單詞：factory 工廠 worker工人 postman郵遞員 businessman 商人 police officer 警察 fisherman 漁民 scientist 科學(xué)家 pilot 飛行員 coach教練其他表示職業(yè)的詞：doctor醫(yī)生 nurse護(hù)士 teacher老師 student學(xué)生 driver司機(jī)、駕駛員 farmer農(nóng)民 writer作家 singer歌手 actor男演員 actress女演員 artist畫家 reporter記者 engineer 工程師 accountant會(huì)計(jì)師 secretary秘書 head teacher校長 salesperson 銷售員 cleaner 清潔工 重點(diǎn)句型（1）詢問職業(yè) -What does he do? /What is he? 他是做什么的？-He is a doctor. 他是一名醫(yī)生。-What do you do ? /what are you? 你是做什么的？- Im a student. 我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。 (2) 詢問工作的地點(diǎn)。 -Where do you work? 你在哪兒工作？ -I work in a school. 我在一個(gè)學(xué)校工作。 -Where does your father work? 你的爸爸在哪兒工作？ -He works at sea. 他在海上工作。(3) 詢問怎樣去工作 -How does your father go to work? 你父親怎么去上班？ -He goes to work by car, 他開車去上班。（4） 詢問將來想做什么 -What do you want to be? -I want to be a businessman. Unit 6 How do you feel?詞匯四會(huì)單詞： angry 生氣的 afraid 害怕 sad 難過的 happy 高興的 worried 擔(dān)心的see a doctor 看病 wear 穿 more 更多的 deep 深的 breath 呼吸take a deep breath 深深吸一口氣 count 數(shù)數(shù) count to ten 數(shù)到十ill有病，不舒服 well 健康，身體好 重點(diǎn)句型1.-How do you feel? 你感覺怎么樣？ -I feel angry. What should I do? 我感到生氣，我應(yīng)該做什么？-First, take a deep breath. Then you should count to ten. 首先，深呼吸。然后，你應(yīng)該數(shù)到十。2.- How does Sarah feel? Sarah感覺怎么樣？ -She feels ill. 她感覺不舒服。 -What should she do? 她應(yīng)該做什么？ -She should see a doctor. 她應(yīng)該去看病。3. - How does he feel? 他感覺怎么樣？ -He feels cold. 他感覺冷。 -What should he do? 他應(yīng)該做什么？ -He should wear more clothes 他應(yīng)該穿暖和的衣服。4. Should是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，無時(shí)態(tài)和人稱的變化。用來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼呢?zé)任和義務(wù)， should +動(dòng)詞原形，意思是“應(yīng)該.” -What should he do? 他應(yīng)該做什么？ -He should take more exercise and stay healthy. 他應(yīng)該多鍛煉 并保持健康。 5.Whats wrong with you ?= Whats the matter with you? 你怎么了？ （用來發(fā)生了什么事情的句型） 6.be afraid of sth./sb./doing sth.意思為“害怕，擔(dān)心”它后面可以直 接接名詞或者接動(dòng)詞的ing形式。 They are afraid of mice.他們害怕老鼠。 They are afraid of swimming.他們害怕游泳。 7.be angry with .意思為“生.氣” His mother is angry with him. 她的媽媽很生他的氣。