（江蘇專(zhuān)用）2021版新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 板塊1 復(fù)雜多變的動(dòng)詞 第2講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)案 牛津譯林版

第2講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全國(guó)卷考情分析題型典題試做命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019·全國(guó)卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive_to_perform(perform) consistently over a large area.2(2019·全國(guó)卷) Scientists have responded by_noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are higher than they actually are.3(2019·全國(guó)卷) When we got a call saying (say)she was short listed，we thought it was a joke.4(2018·全國(guó)卷) You don't have to run fast or for long _to_see (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running.1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能(狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等)，以考查主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)居多；2考查固定搭配中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。考點(diǎn)一 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及意義單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2019·福州八中質(zhì)檢)_(realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.Realizing分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所處的部分為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，realize與主語(yǔ)we之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填Realizing。2(2019·蚌埠二中模擬)Greatly_(encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.encouraged分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所處的部分為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，encourage與主語(yǔ)the team之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填encouraged。3(2019·太原一模)Silk Road trades traveled together in long caravans(旅行隊(duì)) of camels.This mode of travel provided protection from robbers who might attempt_(rob) the valuable goods being transported.to rob考查不定式。attempt意為“試圖，企圖”，后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故填to rob。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義不定式一般式to doto be done表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式to be doing表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeing done表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式having donehaving been done表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)去分詞一般式done與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多中國(guó)品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹(shù)立了聲譽(yù)，它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)的新挑戰(zhàn)。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)住之前，還有很多問(wèn)題需要解決?？键c(diǎn)二 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2019·江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together_(develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.to develop考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to develop。2(2019·山東煙臺(tái)期末)They put the food out in their backyards and spend time in the nice weather，_(watch) birds.watching句意：他們把食物放在后院，然后一邊觀鳥(niǎo)一邊享受明媚的天氣。主語(yǔ)They與watch為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且watch與spend同時(shí)發(fā)生，故填現(xiàn)在分詞watching作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。3(2019·江西宜春中學(xué)第一次診斷)_(compare) with the western medicine's high fees，TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.Compared句意：與西藥的高額費(fèi)用相比，傳統(tǒng)中藥的價(jià)格合理，普通人能夠承擔(dān)得起。compared with.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，意為“與相比”。1不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)作目的狀語(yǔ)，可用so as to/in order to替換，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意為“為了；想要”。In order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time.要計(jì)算功率的大小，可將功除以時(shí)間。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：only to do；enough to do(足夠做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.湯姆乘出租車(chē)去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。(3)作原因狀語(yǔ)，常用在“主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞形容詞to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類(lèi)形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。易錯(cuò)提醒語(yǔ)法填空中?？疾?“主語(yǔ)be形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。另外需注意的是在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞；若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。2分詞作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive at any time now.這些書(shū)是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購(gòu)的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船員一樣，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)可以利用太陽(yáng)和星星找到它們的路。易錯(cuò)提醒部分過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐著的)，hidden(躲著的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(厭煩的)，faced with(面對(duì)著)。Absorbed in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.由于專(zhuān)心繪畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。3獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分。常用的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.從口音判斷，他是香港人。To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.說(shuō)實(shí)話，我有點(diǎn)累。4獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。但有時(shí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，我們稱(chēng)之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：名詞/代詞分詞；名詞/代詞不定式；with/without名詞/代詞分詞/不定式。The test finished(When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束后，我們就開(kāi)始放假了。考點(diǎn)三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2019·福州八縣市一中聯(lián)考)At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was fortunately rescued by some local villagers_(live) in Baoxing County in southwest China's Sichuan Province.living考查現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞villagers和動(dòng)詞live之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。2(2019·重慶第一次調(diào)研)Visitors also may take a walk in the rainforest _(create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.created考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，forest后面的部分作定語(yǔ)修飾rainforest，且rainforest與動(dòng)詞create在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。3(2019·河北五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟二模)One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news_(cover) a wide range of subjects.covering考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。提示詞為動(dòng)詞，該句中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(reports)，提示詞cover和其所修飾的名詞news之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用cover的v.­ing形式作后置定語(yǔ)，在此相當(dāng)于which covers。4(2019·江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount_(require) by doctors.required考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，require和amount之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。1不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，若該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一個(gè)好主意，但是她找不到紙把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。(2)序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，the last，the only 等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)名詞：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。(4)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的不定式使用主動(dòng)式；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)不是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式使用被動(dòng)式。Have you got anything to buy?你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？(you是buy的執(zhí)行者)I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought？我要去北京。你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？(you不是buy的執(zhí)行者)2分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞、“being過(guò)去分詞”、過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用“being過(guò)去分詞”；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。(2)作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞只表示動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2019.為了再討論一下水污染的問(wèn)題，我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2019年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有幾百萬(wàn)人觀看了開(kāi)幕式的電視直播。易錯(cuò)提醒非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的解題思路表示被動(dòng)、完成用過(guò)去分詞(done)；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用being done；表示主動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用to do；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用to be done。試比較：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.考點(diǎn)四 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2019·沈陽(yáng)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)You could easily pay with your smartphone by _(scan) the seller's QR code.scanning考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。2(2019·淮南二中模擬)I know he is good at_(work) out the difficult questions.workingbe good at“擅長(zhǎng)”，at為介詞，故用v.­ing作賓語(yǔ)。3(2019·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider_(win) and solving real problems as well.winning考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)。句意：在“我”看來(lái)，它們有助于我們變得鎮(zhèn)靜，也幫助我們考慮贏得辯論比賽和解決真正的問(wèn)題。動(dòng)詞consider“考慮”后跟動(dòng)詞­ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。4(2019·山西長(zhǎng)治一聯(lián))I remembered_(lock) the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.to lock句意：離開(kāi)辦公室之前，我記著要鎖門(mén)了，但是忘了關(guān)燈?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法。remember to do sth.記著要做某事，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知空格處為“to lock”。1只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail (未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen (碰巧)等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被服務(wù)。2只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避開(kāi))，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.，have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及這個(gè)話題，以免冒犯他。It's quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？3接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義不同的動(dòng)詞：She nearly forgot to give him a tip for his service.她幾乎忘了給他的服務(wù)付小費(fèi)。That would mean wasting a lot of labour.那將意味著浪費(fèi)許多勞動(dòng)力。Really？I don't mean to waste any labour.是嗎？我并沒(méi)打算浪費(fèi)勞動(dòng)力。Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out?她是擔(dān)憂如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)這件事情我的反應(yīng)還是擔(dān)憂我不再給她買(mǎi)食品雜貨呢？易錯(cuò)提醒(1)動(dòng)詞want，need，require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后要用v.­ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how，what，whether，where，when，who 等。(3)介詞后一般要接v.­ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，若前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式要省略to?？键c(diǎn)五 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2019·濟(jì)寧二模) Let those in need_(understand) that we will go all out to help them.understand句意：讓那些需要幫助的人們明白，我們會(huì)竭盡全力去幫助他們。賓語(yǔ)those與understand為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且let后加省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。2(2019·龍口一模)When we saw the road _(block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.blocked句意：當(dāng)我們看到馬路被大雪堵住時(shí)，我們決定在家度過(guò)假期。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為road，兩者為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。3(2019·黃岡一模)The manager was satisfied to see many new products _(develop) after great effort.developed句意：經(jīng)理看到經(jīng)過(guò)巨大努力許多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來(lái)后非常滿意。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。many new products與develop之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用過(guò)去分詞。4(2019·安慶慧德中學(xué)月考)When he was ready to leave he found his bicycle's front tyre(輪胎) flat.He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle _(repair)repaired考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。get sth. done使被做，此處的bicycle和repair之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式表將要發(fā)出的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on等。(山東卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我們期望人們放棄開(kāi)車(chē)的習(xí)慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴(lài)的選擇。Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.完成項(xiàng)目之后，她被學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)去給新生講話。(1)有些動(dòng)詞，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to be作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)。Chinese people are considered to be the most hard­working people in the world.中國(guó)人被認(rèn)為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2)在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢?，F(xiàn)在要為他的失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人，而是他自己。2分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？聽(tīng)！你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？(2)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。Back from his two­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，回來(lái)后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。(3)使役動(dòng)詞have，get后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的異同點(diǎn)：have sth.doneget sth.done讓別人做某事；have sb./sth.doing讓一直做某事；get sth./sb.doing 使開(kāi)始做某事；have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.讓某人做某事。Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed.在開(kāi)車(chē)進(jìn)城之前，你需要洗洗車(chē)。(4)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為：with賓語(yǔ)doing表示主動(dòng)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；with賓語(yǔ)done表示被動(dòng)或完成；with賓語(yǔ)to do表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。With such a short time left before the deadline，it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.截止日期之前只剩下很短的時(shí)間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lot of work to do，she wasn't allowed to leave her office.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開(kāi)辦公室。考點(diǎn)六 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2019·遼寧鐵嶺協(xié)作體一聯(lián))Above all，I have come to understand that_(bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.bringing句意：首先，我開(kāi)始明白了授人玫瑰手有余香的道理。在賓語(yǔ)從句中設(shè)空處作主語(yǔ)，且表示抽象概念，故用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。2(2019·湖北七市聯(lián)考)_(send) yellow roses can be risky, as they represent either friendship or envy.Sending考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞­ing形式作主語(yǔ)，故填Sending。3(2019·河南八市重點(diǎn)高中第二次質(zhì)檢)I felt hopeless and alone，and more_(depress) than I knew was possible.depressed句意：我感到絕望、孤獨(dú)及前所未有的沮喪。設(shè)空處作felt的表語(yǔ)，故填depressed。4(2019·江西紅色七校一聯(lián))It is_(shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes.shocking句意：令人震驚的是，一些投資銀行甚至根據(jù)他們是否穿棕色鞋子來(lái)判斷應(yīng)聘者。shocking令人震驚的；shocked感到震驚的。1不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長(zhǎng)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將不定式后置。(浙江卷)No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better to remain silent.不論你多么能說(shuō)會(huì)道，有些時(shí)候保持沉默會(huì)更好。(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語(yǔ)多用不定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是將來(lái)當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。2動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing.；It's no use/good doing.；It is useless doing.；There is no use doing.等中。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的問(wèn)題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問(wèn)題最好的方法。It's no use complaining without taking action.不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒(méi)用的。(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常常可以互換位置。My job is cleaning the house three times a week(Cleaning the house three times a week is my job)我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。(3)remain作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“仍然是”時(shí)，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)；但作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“尚待；留待”時(shí)，后常接to be done。She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下，但她還是站著。It remains to be seen whether the newly­formed committee's policy can be put into practice.新成立的委員會(huì)提出的方針能否實(shí)行還有待觀察。易錯(cuò)提醒不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)，這是語(yǔ)法填空中?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)?！炯挤c(diǎn)撥】在語(yǔ)法填空中：1若句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所填動(dòng)詞通常是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)就要確定是動(dòng)詞­ing形式，­ed形式，還是不定式形式。2所給動(dòng)詞在某及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞(由它前面的及物動(dòng)詞決定)，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞。如果所給動(dòng)詞有名詞形式的派生詞，當(dāng)其在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？疾檫@個(gè)動(dòng)詞所派生出的名詞。這時(shí)，要注意它的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“令人的”用動(dòng)詞­ing形式；表示“(感到)的”用過(guò)去分詞。12