（5年高考3年模擬A版）浙江省2020年高考英語總復習 附錄一 構詞法教師用書（含解析）

附錄一構詞法一、派生(一)后綴法1.變名詞(1)-ence,-ance結尾的名詞:存在existexistence 發(fā)生occuroccurrence查閱/參考referreference更喜歡/偏好preferpreference不同differdifference接受acceptacceptance出現(xiàn)/外表appearappearance履行performperformance抵制resistresistance指導guideguidance進入enterentrance保險insureinsurance幫助assistassistance忍受 endureendurance/toleratetolerance (2)-tion,-sion結尾的名詞:生產produceproduction介紹introduceintroduction 消費consumeconsumption 減少reducereduction 認為/假設assumeassumption/supposesupposition 毀滅 destroydestruction描寫describedescription打斷 interruptinterruption 采納/收養(yǎng) adoptadoption防止 preventprevention接收/接待處receivereception解決 solvesolution進化evolveevolution 建議 suggestsuggestion編輯/版本 editedition展覽 exhibitexhibition 打算/意圖 intendintention認出recognizerecognition解釋/定義 definedefinition 保護 protectprotection方向/指導directdirection指令 instructinstruction建設constructconstruction注射 injectinjection感染 infectinfection駁斥 rejectrejection反對 objectobjection/opposeopposition連接connectconnection收集 collectcollection糾正 correctcorrection 視察 inspectinspection挑選selectselection選舉 electelection限制 restrictrestriction抵觸/矛盾contradictcontradiction 保留 reservereservation保存 preservepreservation保護conserveconservation觀察observeobservation挨餓starvestarvation組織organizeorganization文明 civilizecivilization認識 realizerealization考試examineexamination決定determinedetermination形成formformation 通知 informinformation 想象 imagineimagination 運輸transporttransportation 邀請inviteinvitation 期待expectexpectation誘惑 tempttemptation改編/適應 adaptadaptation移民 immigrateimmigration模仿 imitateimitation準備preparepreparation探索exploreexploration考慮considerconsideration宣布 declaredeclaration裝飾 decoratedecoration激發(fā)/靈感 inspireinspiration放松/休閑 relaxrelaxation交流communicatecommunication占用/職業(yè) occupyoccupation滿足satisfysatisfaction申請/應用 applyapplication 暗示 implyimplication 推薦 recommendrecommendation口譯/理解 interpretinterpretation結合 combinecombination操作/手術 operateoperation 猶豫hesitatehesitation教育educateeducation 定位 locatelocation指出 indicateindication參加 participateparticipation計算 calculatecalculation欣賞/感激appreciateappreciation聯(lián)想/協(xié)會 associateassociation 分離 separateseparation冬眠 hibernatehibernation賠償 compensatecompensation 調查 investigateinvestigation慶祝 celebratecelebration祝賀 congratulatecongratulation翻譯 translatetranslation積累 accumulateaccumulation加速 accelerateacceleration捐贈 donatedonation解放liberateliberation動力motivatemotivation革新innovateinnovation集中concentrateconcentration游行/示威 demonstratedemonstration 貢獻contributecontribution 分發(fā) distributedistribution促進 promotepromotion 致力 devotedevotion/dedicatededication沮喪 frustratefrustration/depressdepression印象impressimpression表達expressexpression擁有/財產possesspossession討論discussdiscussion擴大 expandexpansion延伸extendextension承認 admitadmission允許 permitpermission排放 emitemission爆炸explodeexplosion結論concludeconclusion決定 decidedecision劃分dividedivision迷惑confuseconfusion(3)-ment結尾的名詞:廣告 advertiseadvertisement同意 agreeagreement驚奇amazeamazement吃驚 astonishastonishment通告announceannouncement安排 arrangearrangement評估assessassessment發(fā)展 developdevelopment失望disappointdisappointment雇用/就業(yè)employemployment鼓舞 encourageencouragement款待/娛樂entertainentertainment裝備 equipequipment統(tǒng)治/政府governgovernment改進improveimprovement 投資 investinvestment卷入 involveinvolvement管理 managemanagement懲罰 punishpunishment要求 requirerequirement退休 retireretirement定居/定居處settlesettlement闡述/陳述 statestatement對待/治療treattreatment以為基礎/地下室basebasement鋪/人行道 pavepavement完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment(4)-ness結尾的名詞:adj.n.意識awareawareness/consciousconsciousness苦bitterbitterness盲目blindblindness冷靜 calmcalmness聰明 clevercleverness瘋狂crazycraziness渴望 eagereagerness公平fairfairness 愚蠢 foolishfoolishness適合 fitfitness幸福/愉快happyhappiness疾病illillness友好 kindkindness懶惰 lazylaziness孤獨lonelyloneliness寧靜 quietquietness悲傷 sadsadness嚴重性 seriousseriousness甜美sweetsweetness穩(wěn)定 steadysteadiness厚度thickthickness累 tiredtiredness弱點 weakweakness冷/冷淡 coldcoldness惶恐不安nervousnervousness思鄉(xiāng) homesickhomesickness 粗心 carelesscarelessness自私selfishselfishness 無私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness 無助/無望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness (5)-age結尾的名詞:婚姻marrymarriage短缺shortshortage儲存storestorage包裹packpackage車廂carrycarriage通道passpassage(6)-th結尾的名詞:溫暖warmwarmth真理truetruth死亡deaddeath成長growgrowth(7)-ure結尾的名詞:快樂pleasepleasure離開departdeparture暴露exposeexposure壓力presspressure失敗failfailure混合mixmixture簽名signsignature(8)-ce結尾的名詞:adj.n.缺席 absentabsence 出席presentpresence信心 confidentconfidence 方便 convenientconvenience不同differentdifference 勤奮 diligentdiligence遠的/距離distantdistance明顯的/證據(jù)evidentevidence優(yōu)秀excellentexcellence重要importantimportance獨立 independentindependence天真/無辜innocentinnocence智力 intelligentintelligence 公正 justjustice耐心patientpatience浪漫 romanticromance沉默silentsilence暴力violentviolence v.n.冒犯 offendoffence 防御 defenddefense(AmE)defence(BrE)建議 adviseadvice設施 devisedevice(9)-dom結尾的名詞:自由freefreedom王國kingkingdom智慧wisewisdom(10)-hood結尾的名詞:孩童時代childhood男孩時代boyhood鄰里neighborhood(11)-ship結尾的名詞:所有權ownership錦標賽championship友誼friendship手藝craftsmanship獎學金scholarship領導才能leadership艱難hardship關系relationship(12)-ing結尾的名詞:農業(yè)farming變暖warming園藝gardening學業(yè)schooling繪畫painting意思meaning繪畫drawing訓練training錄音tape-recording衣物clothing感覺feeling十字路口crossing工資earnings問候greeting儲蓄savings所發(fā)生的事情happenings發(fā)現(xiàn)findings財產belongings痛苦suffering貢品offering環(huán)境surroundings保齡球bowling舉重weight-lifting射擊shooting摔跤wrestling2.變形容詞(1)-y結尾的形容詞:n.adj.陽光燦爛的sunsunny 多雨的rainrainy被雪覆蓋的snowsnowy有風的windwindy有暴風雨的stormstormy寒冷的chillchilly 多霧的fogfoggy有霜的frostfrosty 冰冷的iceicy陰沉的gloomgloomy布滿星星的starstarry泥濘的mudmuddy布滿灰塵的dustdusty臟的dirtdirty健康的healthhealthy富有的wealthwealthy 霸道的bossbossy臭的smellsmelly美味的tastetasty咸的saltsalty皮包骨的skinskinny貪婪的greedgreedy迅速的speedspeedy狡猾的/棘手的tricktrickyv.adj.愛挑剔的choosechoosy/pickpicky黏的sticksticky悅耳易記的 catchcatchy害怕的 scarescary滑溜的slipslippery(2)-al,-ial結尾的形容詞:n.adj.全球的globeglobal文化的 culturecultural農業(yè)的 agricultureagricultural情景的situationsituational有條件的 conditionconditional環(huán)境的environmentenvironmental化學的chemistrychemical醫(yī)學的medicinemedical原始的originoriginal政治的politicspolitical實際的practicepractical理論的 theorytheoretical音樂的 musicmusical感情的 emotionemotional國家的nationnational自然的naturenatural個人的personpersonal偶尓的occasionoccasional精神上的mindmental身體上的physicsphysical偶然的accidentaccidental教育的educationeducational技術上的techniquetechnical心理上的 psychologypsychological沿海的 coastcoastal種族的raceracial面部的 facefacial工業(yè)的industryindustrial金融的financefinancial商業(yè)的commercecommercial官方的officeofficial有益的 benefitbeneficial典型的typetypical有影響的 influenceinfluential(3)-ful,-less結尾的形容詞:感激的thankthankful=grateful充足的plentyplentiful美麗的 beautybeautiful成功的successsuccessful可怕的aweawful忠實的faithfaithful和平的 peacepeaceful高興的 joyjoyful/cheercheerful=enjoyable非常干凈的spotspotless無休止的endendless無家可歸的 homehomeless無工作的 jobjobless=unemployed身無分文的pennypenniless無私的 selfselfless=unselfish無目標的 aimaimless無線的 wirewireless無限的 limitlimitless珍貴的/無價的pricepriceless=invaluable毫無價值的 valuevalueless/worthworthless無語的 speechspeechless上氣不接下氣的breathbreathless小心的,粗心的 carecareful,careless多彩的,無色的colorcolorful,colorless有用的,無用的useuseful,useless成果豐碩的,無成效的fruitfruitful,fruitless強大的,無能力的powerpowerful,powerless有意義的,無意義的meaningmeaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的painpainful,painless后悔的,無悔的regretregretful,regretless有害的,無害的harmharmful,harmless閑適寧靜的,躁動不安的restrestful,restless優(yōu)雅的,粗魯?shù)膅racegraceful,graceless抱有希望的,無望的hopehopeful,hopeless有幫助的/愿意幫忙的,無助的 helphelpful,helpless考慮周到的/不周到的 thoughtthoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous結尾的形容詞:n.adj.許多的numbernumerous多山的mountainmountainous冒險的adventureadventurous 緊張的 nervenervous有毒的 poisonpoisonous危險的dangerdangerous災難的disasterdisastrous小心的cautioncautious營養(yǎng)的 nutritionnutritious宗教的 religionreligious寬敞的 spacespacious有抱負的 ambitionambitious神秘的 mysterymysterious (5)-able,-(s)ible 結尾的形容詞:(不)可預見的 predict(un)predictable(不)可避免的 avoid(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor(un)favorable(不)合適的suit(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure(un)endurable(不)可信的believe(un)believable(不)可信的credit(in)credible(不)可接近的 access(in)accessible看(不)見的view(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure(in)curable支付得起的affordaffordable適應力強的adaptadaptable可更新的renewrenewable便攜的portportable多變的changechangeable可吃的eateatable可依靠的relyreliable可行的 workworkable有價值的valuevaluable合理的reasonreasonable高興的enjoyenjoyable流行的 fashionfashionable(6)-tive結尾的形容詞:v.adj.多產的produceproductive迷人的attractattractive有創(chuàng)造力的createcreative保護的protectprotective預防性的preventpreventative健談的talktalkative可供替代的alteralternative相關的 relaterelative 有教育意義的instructinstructive有競爭力的competecompetitiven.adj.有效的effecteffective貴的expenseexpensive(7)-tic,-fic結尾的形容詞:系統(tǒng)的systemsystematic科學的 sciencescientific戲劇般的dramadramatic浪漫的 romanceromantic有同情心的 sympathysympathetic精力充沛的energyenergetic(8)-en結尾的形容詞:羊毛的 woolwoolen金色的 goldgolden木制的 woodwooden(9)以-some結尾的形容詞:英俊的 handhandsome令人驚嘆的 aweawesome令人煩惱的 troubletroublesome煩人的 tiretiresome(10)-ly結尾的形容詞:致命的deaddeadly活躍的 livelively友好的 friendfriendly兄弟般的brotherbrotherly有次序的 orderorderly昂貴的 costcostly每月的monthmonthly每天的daydaily3.變動詞(1)-fy結尾的動詞:凈化purepurify 簡化simplesimplify美化 beautifulbeautify使合理化 justjustify使恐懼terribleterrify使震驚horriblehorrify合格化qualityqualify分類classclassify(2)-ize結尾的動詞:adj.v.認識到 realrealize使現(xiàn)代化modernmodernize使工業(yè)化industrialindustrialize使普及 popularpopularize集權centralcentralize使全球化 globalglobalize使理想化 idealidealize使穩(wěn)定 stablestabilize使正常化normalnormalize社會化socialsocialize使專門化specialspecializen.v.使物質化materialmaterialize總結summarysummarize記憶memorymemorize(3)-en結尾的動詞:變暗darkdarken加快quickquicken削尖 sharpsharpen削弱 weakweaken松開 looseloosen變緊 tighttighten軟化 softsoften使更明亮brightbrighten惡化 badworsen減少littlelessen減輕/變亮lightlighten變黑blackblacken加寬broadbroaden縮短 shortshortenadj.n.v.加深 deepdepthdeepen加長longlengthlengthen加寬widewidthwiden加高highheightheighten加強 strongstrengthstrengthen(4)-e結尾的動詞(注意發(fā)音變化):n.v.洗澡bathbathe呼吸breathbreathe給穿衣clothclothe(二)前綴法1.超過over-:無意中聽到overhear超過overtake睡過頭oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口過剩overpopulation克服overcome忽略/俯視overlook2.重新re-:康復/找回recover脫(衣服等)/移開remove續(xù)借/更換/續(xù)簽renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢復精力 refresh改革 reform復習review3.前的fore-:預告 foretell前額 forehead預報forecast預知 foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition預告 predict戰(zhàn)前的 pre-war幼兒園preschool預演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前總統(tǒng) ex-president6.后的post-:戰(zhàn)后的 post-war研究生 postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒體的multimedia多元文化的multicultural多項選擇的 multiple-choice8.遠的tele-:電話telephone電視television電報telegram電信telecommunications望遠鏡telescope9.相互的inter-:面試interview國際的international互聯(lián)網(wǎng)Internet相互作用 interact10.微小的micro-:麥克風microphone微波microwave微軟microsoft顯微鏡microscope11.自動的auto-:汽車automobile自傳autobiography親筆簽名autograph自動地automatically12.副的vice-:副總統(tǒng) vice-president副總理 vice-premier13.生態(tài)的 eco-:生態(tài)學 ecology生態(tài)系統(tǒng) ecosystem生態(tài)友好的 eco-friendly14.中國的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化 Sinopec15.潛/次一級 sub-:潛意識(的)subconscious亞熱帶的 subtropical地鐵subway潛水艇submarine郊區(qū)的suburban副標題subtitle16.半semi-:半熟練的 semi-skilled半決賽semi-final17.三tri-:三輪車tricycle三角形 triangle18.橫跨trans-:轉移 transfer轉變transform傳播transmit移植 transplant(三)否定的前綴或后綴1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活躍的inactive不貴的 inexpensive缺乏經驗的 inexperienced隨便的 informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient獨立的independent間接的indirect不重要的 insignificant無能力的 incapable/incompetent不合適的improper/inappropriate不精確的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐煩的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不禮貌的impolite不合邏輯的illogical不合法的illegal不規(guī)則的irregular不負責的 irresponsible2.un-不尋常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不確定的uncertain不受歡迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful沒被注意的unnoticed不整潔的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的 unfinished/undone脫衣 undress打開unfold卸車unload開的鎖 unlock解凍unfreeze出土/挖掘 unearth擰開unscrew解開undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear不鼓勵discourage揭露 disclose發(fā)現(xiàn)discover不同意 disagree不同意 disapprove不服從disobey不誠實的dishonest不滿意的dissatisfied可恥的 disgraceful弱點disadvantage 紊亂disorder4.mis-誤導(v.)mislead誤導的(adj.)misleading誤解(v.)misunderstand濫用 misuse誤解(n.)misunderstanding拼錯 misspell不信任 mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft防凍劑antifreeze抗日戰(zhàn)爭 Anti-Japanese War反社會的antisocial6.de-降級 degrade減少decrease貶值 devalue解凍 defrost毀林 deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不禮貌的 ill-mannered不合時宜的ill-timed不合適的ill-fitting沒教養(yǎng)的 ill-bred考慮欠周的ill-considered時運不濟的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten不健康 ill health8.non-非營利的non-profit直達的non-stop不吸煙者non-smoker防滑的non-slip廢話nonsense非暴力non-violence不可再生資源 non-renewable resources9.-free無憂無慮的carefree無利息的 interest-free免稅的duty-free10.-proof防水的 waterproof防震的 shockproof二、轉化(一)動詞與名詞的轉換:如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.背后(n.)Shes the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.2.領導(v.)He headed the rebellion.使對著某處行進(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.頭(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.(二)動詞與形容詞的轉換:如:1.越過(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.2.打掃(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.干凈的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.3.意味著(v.)What do you mean by saying that?吝嗇的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money.(三)形容詞與名詞的轉換:身體好的/井 well好的/罰款 fine公平的/展覽會 fair主要的/首領 chief耐心的/病人 patient安全的/保險箱 safe堅定的/公司 firm穩(wěn)定的/馬廄stable相對的/親戚relative平淡的/平原plain滿意的/內容content具體的/混凝土concrete三、合成1.合成形容詞(1)adj.+present participle漂亮的good-looking聞著芳香的sweet-smelling隨和的easy-going長相一般的ordinary-looking(2)adv.+present participle永久的ever-lasting職位高的high-ranking暢銷貨best-selling goods=bestseller(3)adv.+past participle著名的well-known新婚的 newly-married本地制造的locally-produced堅信的firmly-believed密切相關的closely-related廣泛接受的 widely-accepted穿著隨意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed牢固的 strongly-built高度發(fā)達的highly-developed人口稠密的 densely-populated正式發(fā)行的officially-released正式承認的officially-recognized(4)n.+present participle省時的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming愛好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making傷心的heart-breaking令人驚嘆的breathtaking 說英語的English-speaking解決問題的problem-solving令人垂涎的 mouth-watering贏利的profit-making(5)n.+past participle國營的state-owned由衷的 heartfelt人造的 man-made覆蓋雪的snow-covered粗糙的 weather-beaten國產的home-made一貧如洗的 poverty-stricken好奇心驅使的curiosity-driven個體經營的self-employed政府支持的 government-backed(6)n.+adj.環(huán)保的environment-friendly=environmentally friendly節(jié)能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effective(7)adj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted目光短淺的short-sighted近視的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed頭發(fā)花白的white-haired長尾巴的long-tailed和藹可親的good-natured脾氣壞的bad-tempered思想開明的open-minded狹隘的narrow-minded頭腦簡單的simple-minded有空調的air-conditioned(8)n.+-ed詳細的detaildetailed有經驗的experienceexperienced有天賦的giftgifted/talenttalented有技能的skillskilled2.合成名詞缺點drawback框架framework人類 mankind發(fā)源地birthplace壁爐 fireplace木柴 firewood標志性建筑landmark 手電筒flashlight車前燈headlight床上用品 bedclothes日光daylight白天daytime晚間 night-time 總部/總公司 headquarters拂曉 sunrise傍晚 sunset陽光 sunshine城市商業(yè)區(qū) downtown小山坡 hillside合作teamwork瀑布 waterfall降雨量 rainfall 視力eyesight薄餅pancake倉庫warehouse軟件software硬件 hardware 草地grassland農田farmland大陸mainland祖國homeland家鄉(xiāng) hometown筆記本 notebook臺式電腦 desktop手提電腦 laptop立場 standpoint郵遞員 postman/mailman電子郵箱 mailbox行李箱 suitcase公文包 briefcase鍵盤 keyboard滑板 skateboard滑雪板snowboard 沖浪板 surfboard摩托車 motorcycle彩虹 rainbow海岸線 coastline截止日期 deadline準則 guideline標題 headline雷暴 thunderstorm 航空公司airport飛機場 airfield航空母艦aircraft carrier暴風雪 snowstorm宇宙飛船 spacecraft/spaceship航班 airline野外考察 fieldwork煙灰缸 ashtray茶壺 teapot 牙刷toothbrush戰(zhàn)時wartime 軍艦 warship周工作日 weekday周末 weekend車間 workshop野生動植物 wildlife 沙塵暴 sandstorm泥石流mudslide 書架 bookshelf數(shù)據(jù)庫 database高速公路 freeway/expressway/motorway地鐵underground/subway/metro/tube雞尾酒 cocktail庭院courtyard墓地graveyard 手指甲 fingernail明信片 postcard 觀點viewpoint飛機aircraft/aeroplane 書蟲 bookworm蠶 silkworm蚯蚓 earthworm 蝴蝶 butterfly蜻蜓 dragonfly螢火蟲firefly花生peanut板栗 chestnut核桃walnut椰子 coconut突破 breakthrough外賣食物 take-away聚會 get-together化妝品 make-up機構 set-up瞭望臺 lookout收銀臺 checkout體檢 check-up中間人 go-between成年人grown-up兒媳daughter-in-law溫室greenhouse行蹤 whereabouts 故障breakdown倒計時 countdown密碼password關鍵詞keyword養(yǎng)育 upbringing爆發(fā) outbreak(break out)衰敗 downfall(fall down)收入 income(come in)結果 outcome(come out)旁觀者 onlooker(look on)輸入input(put in)輸出/產量output(put out)出口 outlet(let out)17