2020年高考英語必做題（高考真題和經(jīng)典模擬試題）分類匯編 專題01 閱讀理解（含解析）

專題01 閱讀理解2019年最新高考閱讀理解1.【2019·全國I】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANeed a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合條件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社區(qū)).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(機(jī)會)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個面向?qū)W生們暑期的工作，這些工作有的是針對殘疾學(xué)生的，有的還會給學(xué)生提供獎勵。21. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Summer Company 部分中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer Company項(xiàng)目會對創(chuàng)辦新公司進(jìn)行獎勵。故選B。22. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 a time of hire, ”可知，這個項(xiàng)目的要求的年齡是16到17歲之間。故選D。23. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由末段末句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，Summer Employment Opportunities適合的是有殘疾的學(xué)生們。故選D。BFor Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes, nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)英語以及樹立他們的信心，Thomas Whaley專門開展了一個演講課程。24. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段首句中“today is speech day”以及第二段首句中“But hes nervous.”可知，Chris緊張的原因是他要進(jìn)行公開的演講。故選B。25. A 詞意猜測題。由第二段中Chris所說話中“Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers”以及下文“except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well”可知, Chris 發(fā)ld比較困難，這對于英語不是母語的學(xué)習(xí)者來說都是一個困難，總體來說Chris做得出奇的好。根據(jù)前文可知，ld發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)，因此有些結(jié)巴，停頓得不準(zhǔn)，故選A。26. A 推理判斷題。文章在最后兩段提到Whaley想到這個主意是因?yàn)榭吹胶⒆觽兒ε略谡f英語時出錯，缺少自信，由此推斷他的目的是為了讓孩子們意識到自己的長處，增強(qiáng)自信心。而且文章末段首句也是提示信息。故選A。27C推理判斷題。文章介紹了當(dāng)Whaley看到孩子們?nèi)鄙僮孕艜r，非常痛心，于是創(chuàng)立了這個課程，這個課程就是幫助學(xué)生樹立自己的信心，故可以看出這位老師很關(guān)心學(xué)生的成長。humorous幽默的；ambitious雄心壯志的；caring關(guān)愛的，體貼的；demanding要求高的。故選C。CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物測量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(裝置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plasticsD. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。目前，數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍，指紋掃描等這些技術(shù)仍然是昂貴的。本文介紹了一種新的科技智能鍵盤，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)通過記錄用戶的打字習(xí)慣來識別主人，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間用戶保護(hù)隱私。28. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”和第二段的“they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.”可知，研究者們開發(fā)智能鍵盤是為了降低e-space保護(hù)的成本。故選D。29. C 推理判斷題。由第二段“These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities”可知，因?yàn)槊總€人的打字方式不同，使智能鍵盤能夠識別人的身份。故選C。30. B 推理判斷題。由最后一段“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，研究者們希望智能鍵盤能早日上市，也就是希望早日到達(dá)消費(fèi)者手中。故選B。31. D 推理判斷題。本文介紹了一種新的科技智能鍵盤，它能給e-space用戶帶來安全，由此可知，本文是科技說明文，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知，本文可能來自于一本科研雜志上。故選D。DDuring the rosy years of elementary school(小學(xué)), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(從事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(調(diào)查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，對人好，討人喜歡對人生活的各個方面有深遠(yuǎn)的積極影響。生活中，與人為善，待人慷慨，定會受到歡迎和回報。32. C推理判斷題。由第一段“During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小學(xué)時光里，我喜歡分享我的娃娃和笑話，這讓我保持了高高的社會地位。）”可推知，作者在小學(xué)早期時，是一個慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷靜的，故選C。33. A 段落大意題。第二段中臨床心理學(xué)教授Mitch Prinstein將受歡迎的人分為兩類:討人喜歡的人和追求地位的人。本段內(nèi)容分別對the likable 和the status seekers 做了解釋，所以本段主要介紹了兩種受歡迎的人的分類，文中sort.into.對應(yīng)答案的classification。故選A。34. B推理判斷題。由第四段“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，心理學(xué)教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，討人喜愛的矮子，適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)，故選B。35. A 主旨大意題。通過全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講了受歡迎，討人喜歡對人生活的各個方面有深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響。這些人可愛，慷慨大方，適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)，A項(xiàng)指出“對人好一點(diǎn)，最終，你的收獲無窮無盡”符合本文中心。故選A。2.【2019·全國II】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMy Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sisters-Eri，a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After DarkD. The Stand.23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了作家Jo Usmar選出的四本自己最喜歡的書籍。21. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Matilda中的“I once wrote a paper and delightful words”可知，我曾經(jīng)寫過一篇關(guān)于童話故事對羅爾德·達(dá)爾寫作有影響的論文，這篇論文讓我對他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的認(rèn)識。所以Jo Usmar在介紹Matilda這本書，用第一人稱“I”口吻來說明自己曾經(jīng)寫過一篇關(guān)于童話故事對羅爾德·達(dá)爾寫作有影響的論文。所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C選項(xiàng)正確。22. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由After Dark中的“Its about two sister-Eri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student”可知，故事講的是兩個姐妹-Eri是一個突然一覺不醒的模特?，旣?，是一個充滿青春活力的 的幾個主要原則。體現(xiàn)了人與大自然的和諧。46. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的第一句with such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs，句中的principles與選項(xiàng)B中的rules對應(yīng)，故答案為B。47. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。注意本題中涉及的是a strong link。根據(jù)第二段中的第三句when a predator always eats huge numbers of a single prey, the two species are strongly linked，知當(dāng)某一掠食動物只堅持吃一個品種時，它們之間的關(guān)系就很強(qiáng)，故答案為C。48. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems以及其后舉的例子知位于實(shí)食物網(wǎng)頂端的獵物對其他的物種的數(shù)量有著驚人的控制，即使是無直接聯(lián)系的物種，故答案為D其他的物種的數(shù)量會有意想不到的變化。49. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的第一句話unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true是這一段的主題句，下面的例子是為了證明它的，根據(jù)最后一句，這些行為都大大影響了生態(tài)平衡，可知認(rèn)為的無計劃的行為會擾亂生態(tài)平衡，故答案為A。50. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的prevention is key，知預(yù)防系統(tǒng)提前發(fā)出信號以讓人們采取措施防止生態(tài)系統(tǒng)被破壞。DWould you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉訶德）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（視等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_.A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goalC. misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End one's struggle for liberty.B. Waste one's energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pity.C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了如何過一種有意義的成人的生活。51. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中此人53歲，有債務(wù)，生活不幸，身上還有傷，但他下決心寫一本，而且此書還獲得了成功，350年依舊受歡迎，可知作者通過Cervantes的故事來表明年齡不是一個人實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的障礙，故答案為B。52. D 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下的作者說我要討論的是那些停止學(xué)習(xí)的人的成長，他們在流逝的歲月里采用的是固定的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，不想通過學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步，可知劃線短語的意思是“無興趣學(xué)習(xí)的人”，故答案為D。53. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中我們在自己專業(yè)的領(lǐng)域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，沒有什么使我們吃驚，我們也沒有驚奇的意識，即指我們失去了好奇心。但后一句說，如果我們愿意學(xué)習(xí)的話，我們還有機(jī)會成功。暗含的意思就是如果我們有好奇心的話，我們就有機(jī)會獲得成功，故答案為C。54. D 推理判斷題。作者在文中告訴我們要學(xué)會忍受我們不能改變的事物，要學(xué)會避免自憐，要學(xué)會不管我們怎么表現(xiàn)，總有人不喜歡我們等等方法，可知第5段的主要意思是告訴我們要用合適的方法去對待生活。故答案為D。55. A 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，作者通過一個例子引出他的主題：一個人如何過一個有意義的成年人生活。作者為我們提供了一些指導(dǎo)，要有動力，要有好奇心，要用適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞饺ド畹?，故答案為A。7.【2019·江蘇】閱讀理解(共15 小題； 每小題2 分, 滿分30 分)請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文, 從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng), 并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWhatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.High energyIf you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole's Cavern. And don't forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.High mindedBuxton is justifiabl