三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題21 語法填空（含解析）

三年（2017-2019）高考真題英語分項(xiàng)匯編專題21 語法填空一、2019年高考真題 1. 【2019·全國卷I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64_ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _66_ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are. Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【語篇解讀】本文為科普文類說明文，介紹了北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀。 61. 【解析】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。 62. 【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語動(dòng)詞has been studied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。 63. 【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為“的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩τ诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 64. 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語，句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來開始采用，并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的，故此處用to perform。 65. 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境，尤其是時(shí)間狀語in recent years可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填have reported。 66. 【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。 67. 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式，故填noting。 68. higher【解析】考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知，此處為形容詞的比較級，故填higher。 69. 【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。 70. 【解析】考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。2. 【2019·全國卷II】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for _61_ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _62_ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have _63_(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call _68_ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was _69_ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _70_ (wonder).”【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。講述了九十高齡的Irene作為英國最年長的全職員工，依然在寵物店做著朝九晚五的工作，沒有退休的打算，她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱號(hào)。61.being【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞for可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，故填being。62.which【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。63.finally【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格所處位置可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞have been acknowledged，意為“最終得以認(rèn)可”，故填finally。64.declared【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，故填declared。65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定語。此處用to do sth做后置定語,用來修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“的計(jì)劃”，故填to retire。66.have made【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語“over the years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。67.but 【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔觯且驗(yàn)槲蚁胱?。此處用but與前文not 呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是而是 ”之意，故填but。68.saying 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語從句可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容，call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying。69.a【解析】考查冠詞用法。根據(jù)句意“我們還以為這是一個(gè)玩笑” 可知，此處joke為泛指，故填a。70.wonderful【解析】考查形容詞作表語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在系動(dòng)詞is之后用形容詞形式作表語，故填wonderful。3. 【2019·全國卷III】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 On our way to the house，it was raining _61_ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many _67_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _68_ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_70_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了他們?nèi)ハ耐亩燃偻局械慕?jīng)歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇，主人熱情招待他們，還在工作之余帶他們參加了很多當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)。61.【解析】考查副詞。句意：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?，雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達(dá)那里?！皊othat”意為“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故填so。62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒有到達(dá)那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺謂語，此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，故填to get。63.【解析】考查介詞?！癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。64.【解析】考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。65.【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方。“and”前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recommended。66.【解析】考查名詞。由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式to watch可以確定空格處應(yīng)該填名詞形式。故填competition。67.【解析】考查形容詞?？崭裥揎椕~stories，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，tradition的形容詞為traditional，故填traditional。68.【解析】考查副詞。空格處單詞修飾形容詞popular，應(yīng)用副詞形式，huge的副詞為hugely，故填hugely。69.【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會(huì)，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。70.【解析】考查分詞。本句謂語動(dòng)詞為“were invited”，所以70題空格處動(dòng)詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。聽音樂這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由we發(fā)出的，所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。4. 【2019·浙江卷】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _56_ (have) to worry about fashion(時(shí)尚). Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or _59_ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _60_ (easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades _62_ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want _63_ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no _64_(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are _65_ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了學(xué)生穿校服的幾個(gè)好處。56. has/will have【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個(gè)學(xué)生在校穿校服時(shí)，沒有人會(huì)擔(dān)心時(shí)尚問題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時(shí)will do；根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是nobody，謂語用has。故填will have/has。57.the 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。58. that/which 【解析】考查定語從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。59. cycling【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)孩子們在黑暗的早晨步行或騎車上學(xué)時(shí)，汽車司機(jī)很容易看到它們。or連接兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)or前的walking可知，此處要用cycling。故填cycling。60. easily【解析】考查副詞。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處所給詞是修飾動(dòng)詞see，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，因此，用easy的副詞形式。故填easily。61. to【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)問題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .這是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。62. improved【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：美國的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過去式，主句用一般過去式。故填improved。63. to wear【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：但是，有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服。want to do sth想要做某事，這是want的固定用法。故填to wear。64. connection/connections【解析】考查名詞。句意：其他的美國研究表明校服和學(xué)校表現(xiàn)之間沒有聯(lián)系。no是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。connect是動(dòng)詞，“聯(lián)系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填connection/connections。65. traditional【解析】考查形容詞。句意：穿校服在英國是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，但是一些學(xué)校開始允許學(xué)生上學(xué)不用穿校服。are是系動(dòng)詞，其后常用形容詞作表語，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。5. 【2019·北京卷】閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOn the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _1_(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously _2_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者一年級對交友感到困惑，媽媽的話讓他受益終身。1.voiced【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我向媽媽表達(dá)了我最大的擔(dān)憂，“我將如何交朋友？”此處的voice是動(dòng)詞，“表達(dá)”的意思，作謂語。敘述的是一年級的事情，用過去式。故填voiced。2.facing【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個(gè)簡單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此處是做句子的狀語，要用非謂語動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語是I，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing。3.myself【解析】考查代詞。句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個(gè)簡單的字“做你自己”。本句的主語是I，當(dāng)賓語與主語是同一人稱時(shí)，賓語要用反身代詞。故填myself。BEarth Day，_4_(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated _5_ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地區(qū)). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various _6_(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endless.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了地球日這一節(jié)日。4.marked【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：地球日于4月22日舉行，是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度活動(dòng)。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處是要做名詞Earth Day的后置定語，且與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞。故填marked。5.in【解析】考查介詞。句意：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動(dòng)遍及190多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)。在年份前要用介詞in。故填in。6.activities【解析】考查名詞。句意：無論你喜歡做什么，有一個(gè)方法可以讓你參與地球日的各種活動(dòng)。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的various可知，此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question _7_(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life. taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(資源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _10_(meaning)college experience.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究表明，大學(xué)的名氣對學(xué)生來說并不重要，從大學(xué)生活中受益最多的是完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活、充分利用大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)和資源的學(xué)生。所以要以正確的態(tài)度來選擇大學(xué)。7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對于這個(gè)問題的研究表明，對于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，它不重要。這里表示研究的客觀結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。8. where【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大學(xué)）更重要。這里表達(dá)去哪所大學(xué)，表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語。故用where。9. who/that【解析】考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。_3_ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。10. meaningful【解析】考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞college experience，故此處也要用形容詞。故填meaningful。二、2018年高考真題 1.【2018·全國卷I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽。61. longer【解析】考查副詞的比較級。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級，故填longer。62. to see 【解析】考查不定式作目的狀語。你不必跑地太快或時(shí)間太長就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語，故填to see。63.dying 【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重，但仍然通過跑步會(huì)減少早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此處of是介詞，其后用動(dòng)名詞。故填dying。64.is 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語是it，要用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is。65.than 【解析】考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。根據(jù)文章中的more effective可知此處填than。66.that或which 【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。67.causes 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。68.strengthen 【解析】考查詞形變化。鍛煉以增強(qiáng)你腿上的肌肉。此處to是不定式符合，其后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填strengthen。69.energetic 【解析】考查詞形變化。跑步總是讓人充滿活力的。根據(jù)its可知，系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語。故填energetic。70.it或running 【解析】考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應(yīng)該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running?！军c(diǎn)睛】本文比較難的一個(gè)題是70題。短語give it a try不容易想出來。give a try試試。Give sb sth； give sth to sb這些短語學(xué)生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比較少見。高考復(fù)習(xí)要盡可能多的復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)的短語，尤其是用的比較多，而課本中出現(xiàn)較少的短語。2.【2018·全國卷I I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _61_（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _67_ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _68_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while _70_ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認(rèn)可。61. has grown 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：2011年以來，中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。62. the【解析】考查冠詞。句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。63. actually 【解析】考查副詞。句意：對肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。64. to improve【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動(dòng)詞是encourages，故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。65. than【解析】考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知，填比較連詞。故填than。66. pollution【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染，使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語，故填pollution。67. global【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語，故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global。68.started【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項(xiàng)土壤測試項(xiàng)目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，由于時(shí)間是2005年，故用過去時(shí)。故填started。69. that/which【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動(dòng)詞gives可知，該空缺少主語，指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。70. feeding【解析】考查省略句。句意：中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時(shí)又保護(hù)了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。空格處表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原則：在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，那么可以把主語和be動(dòng)詞一塊省略。故填feeding。點(diǎn)睛：學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 這句話中有兩個(gè)定語從句。一個(gè)是關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是2005，the government是主語，a soil-testing program是賓語，故此空缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，我們可以看出時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)。另一個(gè)是關(guān)系代詞指代program引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是program，gives是第三人稱謂語動(dòng)詞，可以看出是考查關(guān)系詞。代指物并作主語，關(guān)系詞要用that/which。3.【2018·全國卷III】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I'm not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the_63_(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _64_(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_65_(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _69_(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.61. which/who 【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我不確定哪一個(gè)更害怕，我，還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which表示“哪一個(gè)”62. the【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the top of，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。63. loudest【解析】考查最高級。根據(jù)后面的of all可知，他聲音最大，所以用最高級loudest。64. looking【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞avoid后要加doing。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。65. challenged 【解析】考查非謂語。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示不直視他的眼睛，他就不會(huì)感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”，用過去分詞challenged。65. scientist【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)語境可知，我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。67.for【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。68. them 【解析】考查代詞。此處做find 的賓語，所以用賓格them。69. meant【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語，再根據(jù)總體時(shí)態(tài)可知要用一般過去時(shí)，所以用meant。70. to stay【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。固定短語allow sb to do允許某人做某事，應(yīng)該用to stay。4.【2018·浙江卷】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.【文章大意】作者描述了人們喜歡在外面吃飯的現(xiàn)象，分析了其對身體和花費(fèi)的不良影響，建議我們在家做飯。56. dishes 【解析】考查名詞。此處指中國菜，表示泛指應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填dishes。57. who/that 【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語從句中做主語，用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)，故填who/that。58. it 【解析】考查it用法。句子為感嘆句，正常語序應(yīng)該是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主語，用it 是形式主語。故填it。59.visiting 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞形式。此處指我記得去拜訪一個(gè)在這里住了五年的朋友，表示記得做過某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。60. was shocked. 【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示我感到很震驚。shock的主語是I,用形容詞和系動(dòng)詞組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示過去發(fā)生的事，